N-Ethylmaleimide
Based on 44 publication(s) in Google Scholar
N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM) derives from maleic acid, it can alkylates free sulfhydryl. N-Ethylmaleimide is an irreversible cysteine protease inhibitor. N-ethylmaleimide specific inhibits phosphate transport in mitochondria. N-Ethylmaleimide inhibits prolyl endopeptidase with an IC50 value of 6.3 μM. N-Ethylmaleimide can be used to modify cysteine residues in proteins and peptides.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.59%
- CAS No.: 128-53-0
- Formula: C6H7NO2
- Molecular Weight:125.13
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Storage:
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) N-Ethylmaleimide
More- J Hematol Oncol. 2024 Sep 2;17(1):78. [Abstract]
- Cancer Res. 2025 Aug 29. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2025 May 31:1-21. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Jun 2;16(1):5101. [Abstract]
- Theranostics. 2024 Jun 1;14(9):3470-3485. [Abstract]
- J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2023 Mar 30;42(1):77. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023 Mar;10(7):e2203869. [Abstract]
- Sci Adv. 2025 Jun 13;11(24):eadt1346. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2025 Oct 7;16(1):716. [Abstract]
- Appl Phys Rev. 2026 Jan 21.
- J Hazard Mater. 2023 Jul 15:454:131470. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2026 Jan 30;12(1):88. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2024 Oct 29;10(1):456. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2022 Mar 9;8(1):107. [Abstract]
- Oncogene. 2026 Apr;45(15):1370-1385. [Abstract]
- Oncogene. 2025 May;44(19):1361-1374. [Abstract]
- Cell Chem Biol. 2022 Mar 17;29(3):517-529.e5. [Abstract]
- Antioxidants (Basel). 2026 Apr 22;15(5):525. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2026 Jun 27:S0891-5849(26)00902-0. [Abstract]
- Clin Transl Med. 2023 Jul;13(7):e1333. [Abstract]
- J Med Chem. 2026 Apr 23;69(8):9603-9614. [Abstract]
- J Med Chem. 2026 Feb 26;69(4):4900-4912. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2026 Jun 24;74(24):18723-18740. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2024 Aug:226:116362. [Abstract]
- Life Sci. 2026 Aug 1:398:124444. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2026 Jan 1;168(Pt 2):115929. [Abstract]
- J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2025 Dec;40(1):2501743. [Abstract]
- Microchem J. 2024 Dec.
- Sci Rep. 2026 Mar 20;16(1):14300. [Abstract]
- Cell Signal. 2025 Mar:127:111614. [Abstract]
- Virol Sin. 2023 Dec;38(6):900-910. [Abstract]
- J Inflamm Res. 2023 Feb 27:16:861-877. [Abstract]
- FASEB J. 2023 Nov;37(11):e23221. [Abstract]
- ACS Chem Biol. 2025 Jul 18;20(7):1646-1659. [Abstract]
- Anim Cells Syst. 2024 May 11;28(1):237-250. [Abstract]
- Stem Cells Int. 2022 Sep 30:2022:3705637. [Abstract]
- Cell Biochem Funct. 2025 Nov;43(11):e70141. [Abstract]
- Chem Biol Drug Des. 2025 Dec;106(6):e70228. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2026 Jun 9:2026.06.01.729344. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2026 Apr 23.
- bioRxiv. 2026 Mar 18.
- bioRxiv. 2026 Mar 27.
- Research Square Preprint. 2024 Dec 03.
- bioRxiv. 2024 Feb 12.
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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Flow Cytometry
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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IHC
All Cathepsin Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
IC50: 6.3 μM (prolyl endopeptidase)[2]
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| COS-7 | EC50 |
43.7 μM
Compound: NEM
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Binding affinity to rat Galpha-fused ORL1 receptor expressed in african green monkey COS7 cells after 90 mins
Binding affinity to rat Galpha-fused ORL1 receptor expressed in african green monkey COS7 cells after 90 mins
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[PMID: 22061823] |
| KB 3-1 | IC50 |
0.03 mM
Compound: N-ethyl maleimide
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Cytotoxicity against human KB-3-1 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human KB-3-1 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 21657271] |
| KB-V1 | IC50 |
0.016 mM
Compound: N-ethyl maleimide
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Cytotoxicity against drug-resistant human KBV1 cells expressing P-gp incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against drug-resistant human KBV1 cells expressing P-gp incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 21657271] |
| MCF7 | GI50 |
9.9 μg/mL
Compound: 45
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Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell growth after 2 days by sulforhodamine B assay
Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell growth after 2 days by sulforhodamine B assay
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[PMID: 21481593] |
| NCI-H460 | GI50 |
6.7 μg/mL
Compound: 45
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Cytotoxicity against human H460 cells assessed as cell growth after 2 days by sulforhodamine B assay
Cytotoxicity against human H460 cells assessed as cell growth after 2 days by sulforhodamine B assay
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[PMID: 21481593] |
| SF-268 | GI50 |
6.5 μg/mL
Compound: 45
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Cytotoxicity against human SF268 cells assessed as cell growth after 2 days by sulforhodamine B assay
Cytotoxicity against human SF268 cells assessed as cell growth after 2 days by sulforhodamine B assay
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[PMID: 21481593] |
N-Ethylmaleimide (20 μM;30 min) inhibits Akt Ser-473, Akt Thr-308 , p70S6K, ribosomal protein S6, 4E-BP1, eIF4E, BAD and FKHR-L1 phosphorylation[2]. N-Ethylmaleimide (20 μM;30 min) affects conversion of pro-caspase-3 in vascular smooth muscle cells[2]. N-Ethylmaleimide (20 μM;6 h) promotes vascular smooth muscle cells apoptosis[2]. N-Ethylmaleimide (20 μM;30 min) affects PP2A activity and ROS production in vascular smooth muscle cells[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:Vascular smooth muscle cells
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Concentration:20 μM
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Incubation Time:2 hours
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Result:Effectively inhibited platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-stimulated Akt Ser-473 , Akt Thr-308, p70S6K, ribosomal protein S6, 4E-BP1, BAD and FKHR-L1 phosphorylation with a concentration of 20 μM.
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Cell Line:Vascular smooth muscle cells
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Concentration:20 μM
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Incubation Time:2 hours
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Result:Increased of 1.8-fold in the conversion of pro-caspase-3 into active form, and showed better effect with 20 ng/ml PDGF-BB adding.
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Cell Line:Vascular smooth muscle cells
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Concentration:20 μM
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Incubation Time:6 hours
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Result:Induced vascular smooth muscle cells apoptosis by 3-fold, and exhibited 5-fold apoptosis with 20 ng/ml PDGF-BB adding.
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Cell Line:Vascular smooth muscle cells
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Concentration:20 μM
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Incubation Time:30 min
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Result:Increased PP2A activity 1.7-flod and increased ROS production 2-fold in vascular smooth muscle cells.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Male Wistar rats with acute gastric ulcers induced by absolute ethanol injection[3]
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Dosage:10 mg/kg
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Administration:Subcutaneous injection; 10 mg/kg once
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Result:Increased the lesion area of acute gastric ulcers and attenuated the gastroprotective effect of PAG in rats.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 128-53-0
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Appearance <43°C Solid,>46°C Liquid
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Molecular Weight 125.13
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Formula C6H7NO2
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Color White to light yellow
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SMILES
O=C(C=C1)N(CC)C1=O
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Synonyms
NEM
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
Publications (44)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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J Hematol Oncol
METTL16-SENP3-LTF axis confers ferroptosis resistance and facilitates tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2024 Sep 2;17(1):78. PMID: 39218945 -
Cancer Res
tRF-21LeuTAA Promotes Oxidative Stress by Altering Glutathione Metabolic Enzymes to Support Prostate Cancer Progression. [Abstract]2025 Aug 29. PMID: 40882020 -
Autophagy
2025 May 31:1-21. PMID: 40394978 -
Nat Commun
Myocardial mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein promotes heart Ischemia-reperfusion injury via RIG-I signaling in mice. [Abstract]2025 Jun 2;16(1):5101. PMID: 40456736 -
Theranostics
GPAT3 is a potential therapeutic target to overcome sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2024 Jun 1;14(9):3470-3485. PMID: 38948063
N-Ethylmaleimide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2024 Jun 1;14(9):3470-3485. [Abstract]
MHCC97H SR and Hep3B SR cells were treated with sorafenib for 24 hours, with or without NEM (10 μM) or FSG67 (30 μM), and cell death was assessed by the CCK-8 assay.
N-Ethylmaleimide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2024 Jun 1;14(9):3470-3485. [Abstract]
MHCC97H SR and Hep3B SR cells were treated with sorafenib for 24 hours, with or without NEM (10 μM) or FSG67 (30 μM), and apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry.
N-Ethylmaleimide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2024 Jun 1;14(9):3470-3485. [Abstract]
The sensitivity of MHCC97H SR cells to sorafenib, NEM (1 mg/kg, every 2 days), and FSG67 was evaluated in vivo. The figure shows a solid view of the tumor.
N-Ethylmaleimide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2024 Jun 1;14(9):3470-3485. [Abstract]
The sensitivity of MHCC97H SR cells to sorafenib, NEM (1 mg/kg, every 2 days), and FSG67 was evaluated in vivo. The figure shows the tumor growth curve.
N-Ethylmaleimide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2024 Jun 1;14(9):3470-3485. [Abstract]
The sensitivity of MHCC97H SR cells to sorafenib, NEM (1 mg/kg, every 2 days), and FSG67 was evaluated in vivo. The figure shows the results of p65 and Oil Red O staining immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis.
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J Exp Clin Cancer Res
Protein disulfide-isomerase A4 confers glioblastoma angiogenesis promotion capacity and resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. [Abstract]2023 Mar 30;42(1):77. PMID: 36997943 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
MCU Upregulation Overactivates Mitophagy by Promoting VDAC1 Dimerization and Ubiquitination in the Hepatotoxicity of Cadmium. [Abstract]2023 Mar;10(7):e2203869. PMID: 36642847 -
Sci Adv
2025 Jun 13;11(24):eadt1346. PMID: 40498833 -
Cell Death Dis
E3 Ubiquitin ligases Cbl-b and c-Cbl maintain the homeostasis of macrophages by regulating the M-CSF/M-CSFR signaling axis. [Abstract]2025 Oct 7;16(1):716. PMID: 41057360 -
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J Hazard Mater
Oral exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics reduced male fertility and even caused male infertility by inducing testicular and sperm toxicities in mice. [Abstract]2023 Jul 15:454:131470. PMID: 37116333 -
Cell Death Discov
Trim15 stabilizes VDAC3 via ubiquitination to suppress autophagy and enhance chemosensitivity in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. [Abstract]2026 Jan 30;12(1):88. PMID: 41617671 -
Cell Death Discov
Quantitative chemical proteomics reveals that phenethyl isothiocyanate covalently targets BID to promote apoptosis. [Abstract]2024 Oct 29;10(1):456. PMID: 39472556 -
Cell Death Discov
WWP1 upregulation predicts poor prognosis and promotes tumor progression by regulating ubiquitination of NDFIP1 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. [Abstract]2022 Mar 9;8(1):107. PMID: 35264565 -
Oncogene
ZDHHC9-mediated KLF5 palmitoylation enhances the cAMP/PKA/CREB axis to promote colorectal cancer progression. [Abstract]2026 Apr;45(15):1370-1385. PMID: 41882103 -
Oncogene
SENP1-mediated deSUMOylation of YBX1 promotes colorectal cancer development through the SENP1-YBX1-AKT signaling axis. [Abstract]2025 May;44(19):1361-1374. PMID: 39988696 -
Cell Chem Biol
Temporal proteomics reveal specific cell cycle oncoprotein downregulation by p97/VCP inhibition. [Abstract]2022 Mar 17;29(3):517-529.e5. PMID: 34847375 -
Antioxidants (Basel)
Thioamide Compound H0802 Enhances Hypoxia Tolerance by Mimicking Hypoxia-Adaptive Reprogramming of Glucose and Oxygen Metabolism. [Abstract]2026 Apr 22;15(5):525. PMID: 42193148 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Proteome-wide quantitative analysis of redox cysteine in porcine uterus reveals deoxynivalenol induced oxidative stress via protein hyperoxidation. [Abstract]2026 Jun 27:S0891-5849(26)00902-0. PMID: 42364855 -
Clin Transl Med
Glutaredoxin-1 promotes lymphangioleiomyomatosis progression through inhibiting Bim-mediated apoptosis via COX2/PGE2/ERK pathway. [Abstract]2023 Jul;13(7):e1333. PMID: 37478294 -
J Med Chem
Dual-Functional Anti-SIRPα-cGAMP Conjugate Reprograms the Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Enhances Antitumor Immunity. [Abstract]2026 Apr 23;69(8):9603-9614. PMID: 41918375 -
J Med Chem
Modulation of Tumor Microenvironment via Antibody Mediated Precision Delivery of CpG to Myeloid Cell. [Abstract]2026 Feb 26;69(4):4900-4912. PMID: 41649040 -
J Agric Food Chem
Discovery of 10-Shogaol from Zingiber officinale with Broad Antiviral and Anti-inflammatory Activity against Dengue and Zika Viruses Using Activity-Guided Molecular Networking. [Abstract]2026 Jun 24;74(24):18723-18740. PMID: 42270434 -
Biochem Pharmacol
TRAF6-mediated ubiquitination of AKT1 in the nucleus occurs in a β-arrestin2-dependent manner upon insulin stimulation. [Abstract]2024 Aug:226:116362. PMID: 38871335 -
Life Sci
Salvianolic acid A inhibits tumor cell proliferation and induces chromosomal abnormalities by blocking the citrullinating enzyme PADs. [Abstract]2026 Aug 1:398:124444. PMID: 42107692 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Cyclosporin A indirectly suppresses NK cells activity in renal microvascular inflammation by inducing ubiquitination-dependent degradation of ULBP1. [Abstract]2026 Jan 1;168(Pt 2):115929. PMID: 41297348 -
J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem
Natural product sennoside B disrupts liquid-liquid phase separation of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein by inhibiting its RNA-binding activity. [Abstract]2025 Dec;40(1):2501743. PMID: 40371698 -
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Sci Rep
2026 Mar 20;16(1):14300. PMID: 41862552 -
Cell Signal
KGF impedes TRIM21-enhanced stabilization of keratin 10 mediating differentiation in hypopharyngeal cancer. [Abstract]2025 Mar:127:111614. PMID: 39848455 -
Virol Sin
Classical swine fever virus NS5A protein antagonizes innate immune response by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling. [Abstract]2023 Dec;38(6):900-910. PMID: 37714433 -
J Inflamm Res
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induce Alveolar Macrophage Pyroptosis by Regulating NLRP3 Deubiquitination, Aggravating the Development of Septic Lung Injury. [Abstract]2023 Feb 27:16:861-877. PMID: 36876152 -
FASEB J
2023 Nov;37(11):e23221. PMID: 37795761 -
ACS Chem Biol
Targeted O-GlcNAcylation of CK2α Triggers Its Ubiquitin-Proteasome Degradation and Alters Downstream Phosphorylation. [Abstract]2025 Jul 18;20(7):1646-1659. PMID: 40521680 -
Anim Cells Syst
Blocking SLC7A11 attenuates the proliferation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. [Abstract]2024 May 11;28(1):237-250. PMID: 38741950 -
Stem Cells Int
FAIM Enhances the Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation by Inhibiting JNK-Induced c-FLIP Ubiquitination and Degradation. [Abstract]2022 Sep 30:2022:3705637. PMID: 36248256 -
Cell Biochem Funct
2025 Nov;43(11):e70141. PMID: 41254938 -
Chem Biol Drug Des
Sevoflurane Postconditioning Regulates Mitophagy Through the PINK1/Parkin Pathway to Alleviate Myocardial Microcirculatory Reperfusion Injury. [Abstract]2025 Dec;106(6):e70228. PMID: 41406175 -
bioRxiv
2026 Jun 9:2026.06.01.729344. PMID: 42282570 -
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Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (799.17 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 50 mg/mL (399.58 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Ethanol : 12.5 mg/mL (99.90 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (16.62 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (16.62 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 100 mg/mL (799.17 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (286 KB)
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SDS (642 KB)
- English - EN (642 KB)
- Français - FR (642 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (642 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (642 KB)
- Español - ES (642 KB)
- Swedish - SV (642 KB)
- Italian - IT (642 KB)
- Korean - KR (642 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (642 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Moriyama A, et al. Porcine muscle prolyl endopeptidase and its endogenous substrates. J Biochem. 1988 Jul;104(1):112-7. [Content Brief]
[2]. Yellaturu CR, et al. N-Ethylmaleimide inhibits platelet-derived growth factor BB-stimulated Akt phosphorylation via activation of protein phosphatase 2A. J Biol Chem. 2002 Oct 18;277(42):40148-55. [Content Brief]
[3]. Matsuda H, et al. Roles of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves, endogenous nitric oxide, sulfhydryls, and prostaglandins in gastroprotection by momordin Ic, an oleanolic acid oligoglycoside, on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. Life Sci. 1999;65(2):PL27-32. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethanol / H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 7.9917 mL | 39.9584 mL | 79.9169 mL | 199.7922 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.5983 mL | 7.9917 mL | 15.9834 mL | 39.9584 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7992 mL | 3.9958 mL | 7.9917 mL | 19.9792 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.5328 mL | 2.6639 mL | 5.3278 mL | 13.3195 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.3996 mL | 1.9979 mL | 3.9958 mL | 9.9896 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.3197 mL | 1.5983 mL | 3.1967 mL | 7.9917 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.2664 mL | 1.3319 mL | 2.6639 mL | 6.6597 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1998 mL | 0.9990 mL | 1.9979 mL | 4.9948 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1598 mL | 0.7992 mL | 1.5983 mL | 3.9958 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1332 mL | 0.6660 mL | 1.3319 mL | 3.3299 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0999 mL | 0.4995 mL | 0.9990 mL | 2.4974 mL | |
| H2O / DMSO | 100 mM | 0.0799 mL | 0.3996 mL | 0.7992 mL | 1.9979 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.