ALK-1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His)

ALK-1, also known as ACVRL1, is a type I receptor for TGF-β superfamily with 2 ligands, BMP9 and BMP10. ALK-1 is predominantly expressed in endothelial cells and plays a critical role in regulating developmental and pathological angiogenesis^[1][2]. ALK-1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is produced in HEK293 cells with a C-Terminal His-tag. It consists of 118 amino acids (M1-Q118).

ALK-1, also known as ACVRL1, is a type I receptor for TGF-β superfamily with 2 ligands, BMP9 and BMP10. ALK-1 is predominantly expressed in endothelial cells and plays a critical role in regulating angiogenesis^[1][2].
Mature human ALK-1 shares 89% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat ALK-1. While, mouse ALK-1 shares 96% aa sequence identity with rat ALK-1 protein.
ALK-1 is able to bind to TGF-β1 or activins in the presence of either TβR-II or activin type II receptors, respectively. However, ALK-1 does not elicit a specific transcriptional response. Thus, ALK-1 has been considered an “orphan” receptor. ALK-1 is a type I receptor that mediates signaling of BMP9 (bone morphogenetic protein) and BMP10, proteins in the TGF-β superfamily. Signaling through ALK-1 results in phosphorylation of the intracellular Smad 1/5/8 cascade which activates proangiogenic transcription factors such as ID1 and ID3. ALK-1 binds to TGF-β1 and phosphorylates Smad1 and Smad5. Overexpression of ALK-1 in HepG2 cells inhibits the ALK5-mediated TGF-β1 response. The balance between ALK-1 and ALK5 may be crucial for controlling the properties of endothelium during angiogenesis^[1]. BMP9/BMP10/ALK-1 signaling controlled the specific gene expression program and survival of Kupffer cells (KCs) through a Smad4-dependent pathway. Functionally, the loss of ALK-1 resulted in impaired capture of L. monocytogenes and overwhelming disseminated infections^[2].
ALK-1 is expressed in blood vessels during embryogenesis and adult stages. In addition, mutations of the ALK-1 gene have been linked to the type II hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia^[1]. ALK-1 inhibits BMP9-mediated Id-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay, ALK-1 reduces VEGF-, FGF-, and BMP10-mediated vessel formation. In addition, ALK1 reduces tumor burden in mice receiving orthotopic grafts of MCF7 mammary adenocarcinoma cells^[3].

Recombinant human ALK-1 (5 μg/mL; preincubated for 3 minutes) abolishes Hey1, Hey2 and Id2 genes induction by serum in primary human endothelial cells^[4].

1.This product does not contain protein kinase domain.
2.Measured by its ability to inhibit BMP9 induced alkaline phosphatase production by MC3T3E1 mouse chondrogenic cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is typically 40 ng/mL in the presence of 2 ng/mL of recombinant human BMP9.

Human

HEK293

C-His

P37023 (D22-Q118)

94  [NCBI]

Extracellular Domain

MTLGSPRKGLLMLLMALVTQGDPVKPSRGPLVTCTCESPHCKGPTCRGAWCTVVLVREEGRHPQEHRGCGNLHRELCRGRPTEFVNHYCCDSHLCNHNVSLVLEATQPPSEQPGTDGQ

Approximately 27 kDa,based on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions,due to the glycosylation.

≥ 90%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Solution.

Supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

Please use rapid thawing with running water to thaw the protein.

Stored at -80°C for 1 year from date of receipt. It is stable at -20°C for 3 months after opening. It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -80°C for extended storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Shipping with dry ice.

• [1]. S P Oh, et al. Activin receptor-like kinase 1 modulates transforming growth factor-beta 1 signaling in the regulation of angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Mar 14;97(6):2626-31.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Dianyuan Zhao, et al. ALK1 signaling is required for the homeostasis of Kupffer cells and prevention of bacterial infection. J Clin Invest. 2022 Feb 1;132(3):e150489.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Dianne Mitchell, et al. ALK1-Fc inhibits multiple mediators of angiogenesis and suppresses tumor growth. Mol Cancer Ther. 2010 Feb;9(2):379-88.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Kerstin Wöltje, et al. Serum induces transcription of Hey1 and Hey2 genes by Alk1 but not Notch signaling in endothelial cells. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 23;10(3):e0120547.  [Content Brief]