IL-36 beta/IL-1F8 Protein, Human (153a.a)

IL-36 beta/IL-1F8 protein is a cytokine that binds to and activates the IL1RL2/IL-36R receptor, leading to the activation of NF-kappa-B and MAPK signaling pathways in target cells, resulting in a pro-inflammatory response. It is part of the IL-36 signaling system, which is believed to be present in epithelial barriers and involved in local inflammatory responses, similar to the IL-1 system. IL-36 beta stimulates the production of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in various cell types, including synovial fibroblasts, articular chondrocytes, and mature adipocytes. It also induces the expression of antimicrobial peptides and matrix metalloproteases. In the skin, IL-36 beta acts on keratinocytes, dendritic cells, and indirectly on T-cells to promote tissue infiltration, cell maturation, and cell proliferation. In cultured keratinocytes, IL-36 beta induces the expression of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL2, CCL17, CCL22, CL20, CCL5, CCL2, CCL17, CCL22, CXCL8, CCL20, CXCL1, TNF-alpha, IL-8, and IL-6. It interacts with the cargo receptor TMED10, facilitating its translocation from the cytoplasm into the ERGIC and subsequent secretion.