TRGC2 Protein, Human (HEK293, His)

TRGC2 is the constant region of the T cell receptor (TR) gamma chain, involved in antigen recognition. Gamma-delta TRs recognize a variety of self and foreign non-peptide antigens, often expressed at epithelial boundaries between the host and external environment, including endogenous lipids presented by MH-like protein CD1D and phosphoantigens presented by butyrophilin-like molecule BTN3A1. Upon antigen recognition, TRGC2 triggers rapid, innate-like immune responses for pathogen clearance and tissue repair. Binding of the gamma-delta TR complex to antigen induces phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in CD3 chains by LCK and FYN kinases, recruiting and activating ZAP70, which phosphorylates scaffolding proteins LCP2 and LAT. This leads to the formation of a supramolecular signalosome that recruits phospholipase PLCG1, resulting in calcium mobilization and ERK activation, ultimately driving T cell expansion and differentiation into effector cells. Gamma-delta TRs are generated through somatic rearrangement of a limited repertoire of variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) genes, with diversity enhanced by tandem D gene rearrangement, utilization of all three reading frames, and exonuclease trimming plus random nucleotide (N) region additions during V-(D)-J recombination.