Human Milk Oligosaccharides

Lacto-N-tetraose is the significant core structure of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) naturally existing in human milk. Lacto-N-tetraose is consist of galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, and glucose moieties. Lacto-N-tetraose has prebiotic effect, immune regulatory effect, anti-inflammatory effects, intestinal cell responses regulatory effect, antibacterial activity and antiviral activity. Lacto-N-tetraose has been widely added to infant formula.

Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) is an endogenous metabolite. Lacto-N-neotetraose can inhibit TNF-α induced IL-8 secretion in immature epithelial cells. Lacto-N-neotetraose has anti-inflammatory avtivity, and can improve the wound closure.

Lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFPI) is a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO), possessing antiviral and antibacterial activity. Lacto-N-fucopentaose I can reduce capsid protein VP1 to block virus adsorption, promote CDK2 and reduce cyclin E to recover cell cycle S phase block. Lacto-N-fucopentaose I inhibits ROS production and apoptosis in virus-infected cells. Lacto-N-fucopentaose I can also regulate intestinal microbiota to affect immune system development.

Lacto-N-triose II is a core structural unit of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Lacto-N-triose II owns nutraceutical potentials and can be used in the production of complex HMOs.

Monofucosyllacto-N-hexaose III (MFLNH III) is a kind of neutral human milk oligosaccharides (HMO).