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fecal

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41

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2

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1

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15

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1

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1

Oligonucleotides

Cat. No. Product Name Target Research Areas Chemical Structure
  • HY-118103
    Coprostanol

    5β-Cholestan-3β-ol

    		 Endogenous Metabolite Neurological Disease
    Coprostanol (5β-Cholestan-3β-ol) is a fecal sterol formed by microbial reduction of cholesterol in the intestines of man and higher animals. Coprostanol can be used as an indicator sterol of fecal pollution. Coprostanol has been recognized as a good indicator of pollution of water resources by sewage discharges. Coprostanol can serve as a potential biological indicator for cerebral chondrodystrophy (CTX) .
    Coprostanol
  • HY-N0468
    Rebaudioside D
    1 Publications Verification

    		 FXR Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Metabolic Disease
    Rebaudioside D is an orally active sweetener that targets and activates FXR, modulates Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase, and inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. Rebaudioside D regulates bile acid homeostasis and lipid metabolism, reduces the synthesis rates of fatty acids and cholesterol, and exerts multiple effects including anti-adipogenesis, hepatoprotection, anti-steatosis, gut microbiota modulation, enhancement of secondary bile acid metabolism, anti-endotoxin activity, regulation of bile acid transport, and inhibition of bile acid efflux. Rebaudioside D also reduces body weight gain, visceral fat accumulation, hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol accumulation, hepatic lipid peroxidation, and decreases the circulating level of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein. Rebaudioside D additionally enhances the secondary bile acid metabolic pathway of intestinal bacteria, upregulates the gene expression of ileal organic solute transporter α, and downregulates the gene expression of hepatic bile salt export pump. Rebaudioside D does not affect glucose homeostasis, alter total caloric intake or fecal energy excretion, induce weight gain, exacerbate obesity, promote hepatic steatosis, impair brown adipose tissue function, nor change skeletal muscle metabolism-related proteins. Rebaudioside D can be used in diet-induced obesity and obesity-related research .
    Rebaudioside D
  • HY-106539
    Colesevelam hydrochloride

    		FXR G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 GLP Receptor Metabolic Disease Cancer
    Colesevelam hydrochloride is an orally active bile acid sequestrant, lipid-lowering agent, and glycemic control agent. Colesevelam hydrochloride binds bile acids in the gastrointestinal tract to form nonabsorbable complexes, interrupts enterohepatic recirculation and increases fecal bile acid elimination. Colesevelam hydrochloride modulates FXR, TGR5, and Cyp7a1 activity and triggers cAMP signaling and GLP-1 release. Colesevelam hydrochloride alters hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism, suppresses hepatic glycogenolysis, reduces hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels, and increases LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) clearance. Colesevelam hydrochloride can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and alcohol-related liver disease .
    Colesevelam hydrochloride
  • HY-B1407
    Phthalylsulfathiazole
    2 Publications Verification

    N4-Phthalylsulfathiazole

    		 Antibiotic Bacterial Infection
    Phthalylsulfathiazole (N4-Phthalylsulfathiazole) is an orally active sulfonamide intestinal antibacterial agent. Phthalylsulfathiazole has low toxicity and excellent bacteriostatic efficacy. Phthalylsulfathiazole inhibits E. coli, streptococci, staphylococci, and total fecal bacteria. Phthalylsulfathiazole can be used in research related to intestinal infections such as colon infection, bacillary dysentery, and ulcerative colitis .
    Phthalylsulfathiazole
  • HY-B1073
    Morantel tartrate

    		Parasite Infection
    Morantel tartrate is an anthelmintic agent. Sustained-release three-layer composite tablets of Morantel tartrate are administered orally and release after exposure to rumen fluid. Morantel tartrate reduces the fecal egg output and worm burden of gastrointestinal nematodes in Hereford calves. Morantel tartrate is used in research related to gastrointestinal nematode infections .
    Morantel tartrate
  • HY-W010516
    2-Methylvaleric acid

    2-Methylpentanoic acid

    		 Endogenous Metabolite Metabolic Disease
    2-Methylvaleric acid is a branched short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced by the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids by gut microbes. 2-Methylvaleric acid can be used as a potential biomarker for metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, and its content is significantly reduced in the feces of diabetic mice. 2-Methylvaleric acid may regulate host energy metabolism and inflammatory response through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) or histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition. 2-Methylvaleric acid can be used to study gut microbe-host interactions and metabolic diseases as a fecal biomarker[1][2].
    2-Methylvaleric acid
  • HY-N0430
    Coptisine

    Coptisin

    		 Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) NF-κB p38 MAPK PI3K Akt Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Mitochondrial Metabolism DNA/RNA Synthesis ROCK LDLR Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Coptisine is an orally active and brain-penetrant alkaloid found in Coptis chinensis. Coptisine is a reversible, uncompetitive IDO inhibitor with a Ki of 5.8 μM and an IC50 of 6.3 μM. Coptisine suppresses neuroinflammation, reduces Aβ plaque burden and shows neuroprotective activity. Coptisine shows anti-inflammation activity by blocking NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt activation. Coptisine inhibits cancer cells proliferation, induces DNA damage, G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction. Coptisine inhibits Rho/ROCK pathway activation, reduces arrhythmia, limits cardiac injury marker release, reduces infarct size, and preserves cardiac function in rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion models. Coptisine downregulates HMGCR and upregulates LDLR and CYP7A1 to modulate cholesterol metabolism, reduces abnormal serum lipid levels, and promotes fecal bile acid excretion. Coptisine can be used for the research of cancer, hypercholesterolemia, Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders and cardiovascular disease .
    Coptisine
  • HY-N0430A
    Coptisine Sulfate
    5 Publications Verification

    		 Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) NF-κB p38 MAPK PI3K Akt Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Mitochondrial Metabolism DNA/RNA Synthesis ROCK LDLR Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Coptisine Sulfate is an orally active and brain-penetrant alkaloid found in Coptis chinensis. Coptisine Sulfate is a reversible, uncompetitive IDO inhibitor with a Ki of 5.8 μM and an IC50 of 6.3 μM. Coptisine Sulfate suppresses neuroinflammation, reduces Aβ plaque burden and shows neuroprotective activity. Coptisine Sulfate shows anti-inflammation activity by blocking NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt activation. Coptisine Sulfate inhibits cancer cells proliferation, induces DNA damage, G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction. Coptisine Sulfate inhibits Rho/ROCK pathway activation, reduces arrhythmia, limits cardiac injury marker release, reduces infarct size, and preserves cardiac function in rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion models. Coptisine Sulfate downregulates HMGCR and upregulates LDLR and CYP7A1 to modulate cholesterol metabolism, reduces abnormal serum lipid levels, and promotes fecal bile acid excretion. Coptisine Sulfate be used for the research of cancer, hypercholesterolemia, Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders and cardiovascular disease .
    Coptisine Sulfate
  • HY-154636
    Liquid Paraffin

    		Biochemical Assay Reagents Endocrinology
    Liquid Paraffin is a petroleum-derived mixture of saturated hydrocarbons and an orally active fecal lubricant. Liquid Paraffin is widely used in studies of constipation and fecal incontinence in children through its lubricating effect and the osmotic effect generated by its conversion to hydroxy fatty acids. Liquid Paraffin has high safety, is non-carcinogenic, and does not affect fat-soluble vitamin levels with long-term use. Liquid Paraffin does not cause abdominal pain or electrolyte disorders, but may lead to lipoid pneumonia and granulomas caused by rectal administration. Liquid Paraffin can also be used as a phase change material for thermal energy storage, or combined with nanoparticles to form a protective boundary film to reduce mechanical wear .
    Liquid Paraffin
  • HY-112961
    Patiromer

    		JAK Interleukin Related STAT Metabolic Disease
    Patiromer is an orally active, selective and non-absorbable intestinal potassium (K +) polymer binder that reversibly binds potassium ions in exchange for calcium (Ca 2+). Patiromer can rapidly and continuously reduce serum potassium levels, maintain a normal blood potassium state, and reduce serum aldosterone levels. Patiromer also increases fecal potassium excretion. Patiromer is mainly used in the study of hyperkalemia associated with diseases such as chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and heart failure, and is particularly suitable for improving renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi) therapy .
    Patiromer
  • HY-W016798
    (S)-2-acetamido-4-amino-4-oxobutanoic acid

    		Endogenous Metabolite Metabolic Disease
    (S)-2-acetamido-4-amino-4-oxobutanoic acid is a metabolite. (S)-2-acetamido-4-amino-4-oxobutanoic acid can be used in the research of decompensated liver cirrhosis .
    (S)-2-acetamido-4-amino-4-oxobutanoic acid
  • HY-W094517
    Sodium phosphate dibasic heptahydrate

    		Biochemical Assay Reagents Endocrinology
    Sodium phosphate dibasic heptahydrate is an orally active and osmotic laxative, often used as a component of over-the-counter gastrointestinal lavage drugs. Sodium phosphate dibasic heptahydrate draws water into the intestinal lumen, maintains electrical neutrality by retaining cations in the intestinal lumen, and thereby alters fecal volume, consistency and phosphate levels. Sodium phosphate dibasic heptahydrate can be used to generate self-assembled calcium phosphate tubular scaffolds, which support the adhesion, survival and elongation of mesenchymal stem cells. Sodium phosphate dibasic heptahydrate can be applied to research on factitious disorders and related fields .
    Sodium phosphate dibasic heptahydrate
  • HY-156261
    Beef extract

    		Biochemical Assay Reagents Others
    Beef extract is a common ingredient in the preparation of biological culture media .
    Beef extract
  • HY-165131
    Δ7-Avenasterol

    Delta-7-avenasterol

    		 Prostaglandin Receptor COX Inflammation/Immunology
    Δ7-Avenasterol (Delta-7-avenasterol) is a phytosterol that binds to prostaglandin E2 receptor (prostaglandin E2 receptor) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Δ7-Avenasterol is applicable to research related to gastric ulcer, anti-inflammation and antioxidation .
    Δ7-Avenasterol
  • HY-118103S
    Coprostanol-d5

    5β-Cholestan-3β-ol-d5

    		 Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite Others
    Coprostanol-d5 (5β-Cholestan-3β-ol-d5) is the deuterium labeled Coprostanol. Coprostanol (5β-Cholestan-3β-ol) is a fecal sterol formed by microbial reduction of cholesterol in the intestines of man and higher animals. Coprostanol can be used as an indicator sterol of fecal pollution. Coprostanol has been recognized as a good indicator of pollution of water resources by sewage discharges. Coprostanol can serve as a potential biological indicator for cerebral chondrodystrophy (CTX).
    Coprostanol-d5
  • HY-W004154
    2-Ethylbutyric acid

    		Environmental Pollutants Biochemical Assay Reagents Others
    2-Ethylbutyric acid is a volatile fatty acid. 2-Ethylbutyric acid exhibits phytotoxicity. 2-Ethylbutyric acid is used as an internal standard in milk and dairy products and as an internal standard (IS) in the calibration of fecal VFA standards. 2-Ethylbutyric acid can be used in the research of embryonic development .
    2-Ethylbutyric acid
  • HY-148044
    UNC10201652

    		β-glucuronidase Bacterial Infection
    UNC10201652 is a potent Loop 1 (L1)-specific gut bacterial β-glucuronidase (GUSs) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.117 μM for E. coli GUS. UNC10201652 can block SN-38 glucuronide (HY-126373) processing only in individuals whose fecal gut microbiota is highly abundant in L1 GUS enzymes .
    UNC10201652
  • HY-N12281
    Sennoside

    		Apoptosis MDM-2/p53 PAK Calcium Channel Endocrinology Cancer
    Sennoside is an orally active apoptosis inducer and stimulant laxative, found in Senna (Cassia angustifolia). Sennoside induces overexpression of wild-type p53 and p21/WAF as part of pathways mediating colonic epithelial cell apoptosis. Sennoside stimulates colonic peristalsis, reverses net water, sodium, chloride absorption to secretion and enhances potassium and calcium secretion. Sennoside increases paracellular permeability to small molecules, accelerates colon transit and softens fecal pellets. Sennoside can be used for the research of constipation, melanosis coli, and colorectal cancer .
    Sennoside
  • HY-168761
    N-Cholyl-L-alanine

    		Endogenous Metabolite Metabolic Disease
    N-Cholyl-L-alanine is a bile acid amidate, which is found in human fecal samples .
    N-Cholyl-L-alanine
  • HY-111054
    N-methyl-N-dithiocarboxyglucamine

    MDCG

    		 Endogenous Metabolite Inflammation/Immunology
    N-methyl-N-dithiocarboxyglucamine (MDCG) mobilizes and promotes excretion of metallothione-bound 109Cd. N-methyl-N-dithiocarboxyglucamine shows effects on acute and chronic Cd intoxication .
    N-methyl-N-dithiocarboxyglucamine
  • HY-14495
    BMS-604992

    EX-1314

    		 GHSR Metabolic Disease
    BMS-604992 (EX-1314) is a selective, orally active small-molecule growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) agonist. BMS-604992 demonstrates high-affinity binding (Ki=2.3 nM) and potent functional activity (EC50=0.4 nM). BMS-604992 can stimulate food intake in rodents .
    BMS-604992
  • HY-N17272
    Cholic acid 3-sulfate

    		Drug Metabolite Metabolic Disease
    Cholic acid 3-sulfate is the sulfated metabolite of Cholic acid (HY-N0324), produced by liver enzyme sulfotransferase-2A1. Cholic acid 3-sulfate is less toxic than the parent compound, thus serving as a detoxification pathway for bile acids. Cholic acid 3-sulfate does not have the effect of stimulating intestinal secretion .
    Cholic acid 3-sulfate
  • HY-N0468R
    Rebaudioside D (Standard)

    		Reference Standards Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase FXR Metabolic Disease
    Rebaudioside D (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rebaudioside D. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rebaudioside D is an orally active sweetener that targets and activates FXR, modulates Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase, and inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. Rebaudioside D regulates bile acid homeostasis and lipid metabolism, reduces the synthesis rates of fatty acids and cholesterol, and exerts multiple effects including anti-adipogenesis, hepatoprotection, anti-steatosis, gut microbiota modulation, enhancement of secondary bile acid metabolism, anti-endotoxin activity, regulation of bile acid transport, and inhibition of bile acid efflux. Rebaudioside D also reduces body weight gain, visceral fat accumulation, hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol accumulation, hepatic lipid peroxidation, and decreases the circulating level of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein. Rebaudioside D additionally enhances the secondary bile acid metabolic pathway of intestinal bacteria, upregulates the gene expression of ileal organic solute transporter α, and downregulates the gene expression of hepatic bile salt export pump. Rebaudioside D does not affect glucose homeostasis, alter total caloric intake or fecal energy excretion, induce weight gain, exacerbate obesity, promote hepatic steatosis, impair brown adipose tissue function, nor change skeletal muscle metabolism-related proteins. Rebaudioside D can be used in diet-induced obesity and obesity-related research .
    Rebaudioside D (Standard)
  • HY-118103R
    Coprostanol (Standard)

    5β-Cholestan-3β-ol (Standard)

    		 Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Others
    Coprostanol (5β-Cholestan-3β-ol) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Coprostanol. This product is used for research and analytical applications. Coprostanol is a fecal sterol formed by the reduction of cholesterol by microorganisms in the human and higher animal intestines. Coprostanol can be used as an indicator sterol for fecal contamination. Coprostanol has been recognized as a good indicator of water resource pollution caused by sewage discharge. Coprostanol can serve as a potential biological indicator for cerebral chondrodystrophy (CTX).
    Coprostanol (Standard)
  • HY-147927
    Human enteropeptidase-IN-1

    		Enteropeptidase Metabolic Disease
    Human enteropeptidase-IN-1 (compound 6b) is a highly potent, orally active and low systemic exposure enteropeptidase inhibitor. Human enteropeptidase-IN-1 boosts the increase in fecal protein output, and exhibits potent body weight loss in diet-induced obese (DIO) rat model. Human enteropeptidase-IN-1 can be used for anti-obesity research .
    Human enteropeptidase-IN-1
  • HY-147927A
    (S)-Human enteropeptidase-IN-1

    		Enteropeptidase Metabolic Disease
    (S)-Human enteropeptidase-IN-1 (Compound 6c) is an orally active enteropeptidase inhibitor with low systemic exposure (IC50 (initial): 26 nM; IC50 (app): 1.8 nM). (S)-Human enteropeptidase-IN-1 promotes increased fecal protein output and effectively reduces body weight in a diet-induced obese (DIO) rat model. (S)-Human enteropeptidase-IN-1 inhibits enteropeptidase via a reversible covalent mechanism and prolongs the enzyme inactivation time. (S)-Human enteropeptidase-IN-1 can be used in anti-obesity research .
    (S)-Human enteropeptidase-IN-1
  • HY-W004154R
    2-Ethylbutyric acid (Standard)

    		Biochemical Assay Reagents Reference Standards Others
    2-Ethylbutyric acid (Standard) is an analytical standard of 2-Ethylbutyric acid (HY-W004154). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Ethylbutyric acid is a volatile fatty acid. 2-Ethylbutyric acid exhibits phytotoxicity. 2-Ethylbutyric acid is used as an internal standard in milk and dairy products and as an internal standard (IS) in the calibration of fecal VFA standards. 2-Ethylbutyric acid can be used in the research of embryonic development .
    2-Ethylbutyric acid (Standard)
  • HY-N13218
    Pueraria Extract

    		Others Cardiovascular Disease
    Pueraria Extract is a kudzu extract, and its components include: Isoflavones. Pueraria Extract (ethanol extract) can significantly improve cardiac damage in rats with acute myocardial infarction. Pueraria Extract improves bile acid levels by increasing the expression of CYP7A1 and restoring the diversity of intestinal microbiota. Pueraria Extract can also inhibit the FXR-FGF15 signaling pathway and increase the expression of OST-α to increase bile acid reabsorption and fecal excretion. .
    Pueraria Extract
  • HY-173131
    5-HT4R agonist-2

    		5-HT Receptor Others
    5-HT4R agonist-2 (Compound 4) is a selective 5-HT4R agonist with an EC50 value of 0.41 nM. 5-HT4R agonist-2 can significantly enhance whole gut and colonic transit, increase fecal output and water content, while maintaining minimal systemic absorption, and it shows promise for the research of chronic idiopathic constipation .
    5-HT4R agonist-2
  • HY-B1407R
    Phthalylsulfathiazole (Standard)

    N4-Phthalylsulfathiazole (Standard)

    		 Reference Standards Antibiotic Bacterial Infection
    Phthalylsulfathiazole (N4-Phthalylsulfathiazole) Standard is the analytical standard of Phthalylsulfathiazole (HY-B1407). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Phthalylsulfathiazole (N4-Phthalylsulfathiazole) is an orally active sulfonamide intestinal antibacterial agent. Phthalylsulfathiazole has low toxicity and excellent bacteriostatic efficacy. Phthalylsulfathiazole inhibits E. coli, streptococci, staphylococci, and total fecal bacteria. Phthalylsulfathiazole can be used in research related to intestinal infections such as colon infection, bacillary dysentery, and ulcerative colitis.
    Phthalylsulfathiazole (Standard)
  • HY-137263
    Propionylmaridomycin

    		Antibiotic Infection
    Propionylmaridomycin is a macrolide antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Propionylmaridomycin is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and rapidly distributed to tissues. Propionylmaridomycin radioactivity levels in the liver, kidneys, and lungs were significantly higher than in plasma, while distribution to the brain was less. Propionylmaridomycin is excreted primarily through the feces, and the high fecal recovery rate is due to unabsorbed compounds and biliary excretion of compounds and their metabolites. Propionylmaridomycin exhibits the highest antibacterial activity in the lungs. Propionylmaridomycin is completely converted to several metabolites in rats, of which 4''-depropionyl-9-propionylmaridomycin was identified as the major metabolite .
    Propionylmaridomycin
  • HY-N9503
    Carvacryl acetate

    		TRP Channel Na+/K+ ATPase Parasite Others Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Carvacryl acetate is an orally active and brain-penetrant TRPA1 receptor activator and Na +/K +-ATPase activator. Carvacryl acetate modulates GABAergic signaling, alters hippocampal GABA and glutamine levels, reduces lipid peroxidation and nitrite formation, scavenges hydroxyl radicals, and boosts glutathione and antioxidant enzyme activity. Carvacryl acetate inhibits Haemonchus contortus larval hatching, development, adult motility, and fecal egg counts, and induces adult worm structural damage. Carvacryl acetate can be used for the research of intestinal mucositis, gastrointestinal nematode infection, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative diseases .
    Carvacryl acetate
  • HY-14495A
    BMS-604992 free base

    EX-1314 free base

    		 GHSR Metabolic Disease
    BMS-604992 (EX-1314) free base is a selective, orally active small-molecule growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) agonist. BMS-604992 free base demonstrates high-affinity binding (ki=2.3 nM) and potent functional activity (EC50=0.4 nM). BMS-604992 free base can stimulate food intake in rodents .
    BMS-604992 free base
  • HY-14495B
    BMS-604992 dihydrochloride

    EX-1314 dihydrochloride

    		 GHSR Metabolic Disease
    BMS-604992 (EX-1314) dihydrochloride is a selective, orally active small-molecule growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) agonist. BMS-604992 dihydrochloride demonstrates high-affinity binding (ki=2.3 nM) and potent functional activity (EC50=0.4 nM). BMS-604992 dihydrochloride can stimulate food intake in rodents .
    BMS-604992 dihydrochloride
  • HY-118935
    NGD9002 free base

    		Adrenergic Receptor Inflammation/Immunology
    NGD9002 free base is a new generation of selective corticotropin-releasing factor-1 (CRF-1) receptor antagonist with inhibitory activity on CRF-induced colonic function stimulation. NGD9002 free base can reduce CRF-induced fecal output response and show an inhibitory IC50 value of 4.3 mg/kg. NGD9002 free base can effectively block CRF-induced colonic secretory motility stimulation at the highest dose and reduce acute water avoidance-induced defecation. NGD9002 free base can also prevent the occurrence of pain hypersensitivity reactions to repeated colonic distension .
    NGD9002 free base
  • HY-W010516R
    2-Methylvaleric acid (Standard)

    2-Methylpentanoic acid (Standard)

    		 Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Metabolic Disease
    2-Methylvaleric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Methylvaleric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Methylvaleric acid is a branched short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced by the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids by gut microbes. 2-Methylvaleric acid can be used as a potential biomarker for metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, and its content is significantly reduced in the feces of diabetic mice. 2-Methylvaleric acid may regulate host energy metabolism and inflammatory response through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) or histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition. 2-Methylvaleric acid can be used to study gut microbe-host interactions and metabolic diseases as a fecal biomarker[1][2].
    2-Methylvaleric acid (Standard)
  • HY-182340
    KF20274

    		Adenosine Receptor Endocrinology
    KF20274 is an orally active adenosine A1 receptor antagonist. KF20274 increases the fecal pellet output in rats, and does not affect small intestinal propulsion or gastric emptying at defecation-increasing doses. KF20274 does not induce diarrhea at defecation-increasing doses. KF20274 can be used for the research of constipation .
    KF20274
  • HY-182689
    LY3358966

    		Sodium Phosphate Cotransporter Metabolic Disease Endocrinology
    LY3358966 is an orally active sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter 2b (NPT2b) inhibitor with a human IC50 of 32.4 nM, mouse IC50 of 43.9 nM, and rat of IC50 26.8 nM. LY3358966 inhibits NPT2b-mediated intestinal phosphate transport, decreases acute phosphate uptake into plasma, and increases fecal phosphate excretion. LY3358966 can be used for the research of renal disease .
    LY3358966
  • HY-19392
    LA-419

    		NO Synthase Infection Cardiovascular Disease
    LA-419 is an orally active nitric oxide (NO) donor. LA-419 can significantly reduce the amount of fecal worm eggs excreted, shorten the duration of egg excretion, and also decrease the number of larvae in the lungs and the number of parasitic females in the intestines in mice infected with S. venezuelensis. LA-419 can reduce the formation of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. LA-419 can be used for the researches of infection and cardiovascular disease .
    LA-419
  • HY-159978
    EOS789

    		Sodium Phosphate Cotransporter Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    EOS789 is an orally active sodium-dependent phosphate transporter inhibitor, with IC50 values of 6.8, 1.5, and 1.7 μM against human NaPi-IIb, PiT-1, PiT-2, respectively; and IC50 values of 3.9, 1.9, and 1.7 μM against rat NaPi-IIb, PiT-1, PiT-2, respectively. EOS789 inhibits intestinal phosphate absorption, increases fecal phosphate excretion, reduces urinary phosphate excretion, and decreases the levels of serum phosphate, FGF23, and adult parathyroid hormone. EOS789 ameliorates ectopic thoracic aortic calcification, renal injury and hyperphosphatemia, and inhibits the expression of fibrosis markers. EOS789 can be used for the research of hyperphosphatemia and chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) .
    EOS789
  • HY-182268
    Antibiofilm agent-21

    		Bacterial Interleukin Related TNF Receptor Infection Inflammation/Immunology
    Antibiofilm agent-21 is an orally active prodrug of Antibiofilm agent-20 (HY-182268) with glucuronidation. Antibiofilm agent-21 avoids absorption in the small intestine via reduced membrane permeability, improving colon delivery rate, and converts to its active form in the colon. Antibiofilm agent-21 increases colon length and reduces IL-17 and TNF-α levels in a murine DSS (HY-116282C)-induced colitis model. Antibiofilm agent-21 can be used for the research of inflammatory bowel disease .
    Antibiofilm agent-21

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