starvation-induced mitophagy

LysoAIE2 is a Fluorescent probe for lysosomal viscosity detection and live-cell imaging. Its detection mechanism relies on the aggregation-induced emission effect: it exhibits only weak fluorescence in non-viscous media; in viscous environments, restricted intramolecular motion inhibits non-radiative energy dissipation pathways, thereby significantly enhancing fluorescence intensity. It achieves specific targeting of lysosomes through the proton acceptor property of its indole ring structure, while its hydroxyl group endows it with excellent water solubility. This probe is basically unaffected by microenvironmental polarity and pH within the range of pH 4.0 to pH 8.0, which avoids interference from these factors in viscosity measurement. LysoAIE2 has an emission wavelength of 570 nm. It can be used to monitor lysosomal viscosity changes during processes such as Dexamethasone (HY-14648)-induced lysosomal migration and starvation-induced mitophagy in live cells; at concentrations up to 40 μM, cell viability remains above 80%, demonstrating excellent biocompatibility .

MitoAIE1 is a Fluorescent probe for mitochondrial viscosity detection. MitoAIE1 contains a pyridinium structural unit, which endows it with mitochondria-targeting specificity. The detection mechanism of this probe is based on aggregation-induced emission (AIE): in low-viscosity media such as PBS buffer, intramolecular rotation leads to non-radiative energy dissipation, resulting in only weak fluorescence; however, in high-viscosity environments such as the mitochondrial matrix or the vicinity of the inner mitochondrial membrane, such intramolecular motion is restricted, thereby significantly enhancing its fluorescent signal; in addition, this probe is not interfered by changes in microenvironment polarity and pH. Its emission wavelength is 625 nm, with absorption peaks at 325 nm and 450 nm; when transferred from low-viscosity PBS to high-viscosity 99% glycerol, its fluorescence intensity at 625 nm can be increased by 38-fold. It can be used to monitor changes in mitochondrial viscosity during processes such as Stauroporine (HY-15141)-induced apoptosis and starvation-induced mitophagy in live cells, and has good biocompatibility .