Unfolded Protein Response

Non-Classical Clock Regulation of Stress Response in Digestive Diseases

Noncanonical clock regulation describes rhythmic biological control that extends beyond the canonical 24-hour CLOCK-BMAL1 circadian oscillator and includes ultradian timing systems and stress-responsive transcriptional regulators.

miRNAs Regulate β-Cell Inflammation

MicroRNAs regulate pancreatic beta-cell inflammation by tuning networks of messenger RNAs rather than acting as one-gene switches.

Integrating Stress Response with Brain Health and Disease

Stress responses operate at two connected levels.

Lipid Spill-Over, Glucotoxicity, and Insulin Resistance

Lipid spill-over occurs when adipose tissue can no longer safely store incoming energy, increasing fatty-acid delivery and ectopic lipid deposition in liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas, and other organs.

Disulfide Stress and Cardiovascular Diseases

Disulfide stress is a specialized redox imbalance in which cellular thiol-control systems fail and abnormal disulfide bonds or oxidized cysteine species accumulate.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress And Cancer

Endoplasmic reticulum stress in cancer describes the disruption of ER proteostasis that activates the unfolded protein response (UPR).

Golgi Stress Response: A Novel Pathogenic Mechanism In Human Diseases

Golgi stress response describes a homeostatic program activated when secretory and membrane-protein production exceeds Golgi capacity for vesicle trafficking, glycosylation, sorting, and post-translational modification.

Paraptosis: A Unique Form Of Cell Death Characterized By Cytoplasmic Vacuolization

Paraptosis is a nonapoptotic programmed cell death mode defined by cytoplasmic vacuolization, mitochondrial swelling, endoplasmic reticulum dilation, and resistance to classical apoptosis inhibitors.

Ufmylation: Mechanisms, Cellular Functions, And Role In Disease

UFMylation is a ubiquitin-like post-translational modification in which ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1) is covalently conjugated to protein substrates through an enzymatic cascade.

Protein Misfolding & Neurodegenerative Diseases

Protein misfolding and neurodegenerative disease research examines abnormal protein conformations, aggregate formation, and neuronal injury.

ER Stress: From Cellular Surveillance to Disease Pathogenesis

Proteostasis is the basis of cell survival.