9-Methyl-β-carboline
Based on 1 Customer Validation
9-Methyl-β-carboline is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor and dopaminergic modulator, with an IC50 of 1 μM against human MAO-A and an IC50 of 15.5 μM against human MAO-B. 9-Methyl-β-carboline possesses cognitive enhancement potential and can cross the blood-brain barrier. 9-Methyl-β-carboline increases dopamine levels by inhibiting monoamine oxidase activity and microglial proliferation. 9-Methyl-β-carboline activates PKA/PKC and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, promotes neurotrophic factor expression and reduces α-synuclein (α-synuclein) levels, thereby reversing neurotoxin-induced dopaminergic neuron damage. 9-Methyl-β-carboline also regulates the PI3K pathway and exerts an anti-proliferative effect on astrocytes. 9-Methyl-β-carboline is widely used in Parkinson's disease-related studies.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.86%
- CAS No.: 2521-07-5
- Formula: C12H10N2
- Molecular Weight:182.22
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Storage:
Store at room temperature 3 years.
In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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All Dopamine Receptor Isoforms
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Biological Activity
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hMAO-A 1 μM (IC50) |
hMAO-B 15.5 μM (IC50) |
9-Methyl-β-carboline increases the number of dopaminergic neurons and promotes neurite branching in primary midbrain cultures[1].
9-Methyl-β-carboline (90 μM; 48 h) is taken up by primary dopaminergic neurons via DAT, and increases the number of THir neurons by 30% (peak at 90 μM for 48 h) by upregulating TH expression in pre-existing non-proliferative DDCir neurons; this effect is partially reversible after drug withdrawal and depends on the PKA/C signaling pathway[2].
9-Methyl-β-carboline (10-150 μM; 48 h) exerts a concentration-dependent antiproliferative effect on primary mouse cortical astrocytes[4].
9-Methyl-β-carboline (90 μM; 48 h) significantly upregulates the expression of multiple neurotrophic factors and related genes in primary mouse cortical astrocyte cultures[4].
The stimulatory effect of 9-Methyl-β-carboline (90 μM; 48 h) on the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive dopaminergic neurons in primary mouse midbrain cell cultures is mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:Primary murine cortical astrocytes
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Concentration:10 μM, 30 μM and 50 μM
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Incubation Time:48 h
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Result:Exerted anti-proliferative effects on primary murine cortical astrocytes in a concentration-dependent manner, reducing BrdU incorporation by 39 ± 4% at 90 μM and 71 ± 6% at 150 μM for 48 h.
9-Methyl-β-carboline (0.48 μmol/kg) restores the number of THir neurons in the SN pars compacta of MPP+-treated rats, upregulates neurotrophic factor expression, and enhances mitochondrial complex I activity[2].
9-Methyl-β-carboline (0.105 mg/kg/day; intracerebroventricular; continuous infusion; 14 days) exerts restorative effects in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease, normalizing striatal dopamine levels and THir cell counts in the SNc, increasing mitochondrial complex I activity by ~80%, and strongly upregulating neurotrophin gene and protein expression[3].
9-Methyl-β-carboline exerts neuroregenerative effects in an MPP+-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease and increases expression of key neurotrophic factors[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Wistar (female, 7 weeks old at study start)[1]
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Dosage:2 μmol/100 g body weight (10-day treatment: spatial learning, dopamine levels, dendritic/synaptic changes); 2 μmol/100 g body weight (5-day treatment: no significant effects)
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Administration:i.p.; daily; 5 days followed by 5 days vehicle; daily; 10 days
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Result:Reduced spatial learning errors in radial maze, with rats reaching ≤1 error criterion after 7 training trials; confirmed significant treatment effect on test acquisition with significant differences vs.
controls from trial 7 onward (10-day treatment only).
Significantly increased hippocampal dopamine levels to ~14 ng/g wet weight, with significant elevations vs.
non-injected and vehicle-treated rats (10-day treatment only).
Significantly increased dendritic length of dentate gyrus granule neurons at 60 μm, 110 μm, and 160 μm from the soma (10-day treatment only).
Significantly increased total dendritic spine number per tree at 60 μm, 110 μm, and 160 μm from the soma (10-day treatment only).
Significantly increased dendritic complexity (number of dendritic intersections) at 110 μm from the soma (10-day treatment only).
Showed no significant difference from controls in spatial learning, no significant hippocampal dopamine elevation, and no significant dendritic/synaptic changes (5-day treatment only).
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 2521-07-5
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 182.22
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Formula C12H10N2
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Color Off-white to light yellow
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SMILES
CN1C2=C(C=CC=C2)C3=C1C=NC=C3
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Store at room temperature 3 years
In solvent -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (548.79 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (27.44 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (285 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Gruss M, et al. 9-Methyl-β-carboline-induced cognitive enhancement is associated with elevated hippocampal dopamine levels and dendritic and synaptic proliferation. J Neurochem. 2012;121(6):924-931. [Content Brief]
[2]. Polanski W, et al. Stimulation, protection and regeneration of dopaminergic neurons by 9-methyl-β-carboline: a new anti-Parkinson drug?. Expert Rev Neurother. 2011;11(6):845-860. [Content Brief]
[3]. Wernicke C, et al. 9-Methyl-beta-carboline has restorative effects in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Pharmacol Rep. 2010;62(1):35-53. [Content Brief]
[4]. Keller S, et al. 9-Methyl-β-carboline inhibits monoamine oxidase activity and stimulates the expression of neurotrophic factors by astrocytes. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2020;127(7):999-1012. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 5.4879 mL | 27.4394 mL | 54.8787 mL | 137.1968 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.0976 mL | 5.4879 mL | 10.9757 mL | 27.4394 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5488 mL | 2.7439 mL | 5.4879 mL | 13.7197 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.3659 mL | 1.8293 mL | 3.6586 mL | 9.1465 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.2744 mL | 1.3720 mL | 2.7439 mL | 6.8598 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.2195 mL | 1.0976 mL | 2.1951 mL | 5.4879 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1829 mL | 0.9146 mL | 1.8293 mL | 4.5732 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1372 mL | 0.6860 mL | 1.3720 mL | 3.4299 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1098 mL | 0.5488 mL | 1.0976 mL | 2.7439 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0915 mL | 0.4573 mL | 0.9146 mL | 2.2866 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0686 mL | 0.3430 mL | 0.6860 mL | 1.7150 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0549 mL | 0.2744 mL | 0.5488 mL | 1.3720 mL |
9-Methyl-β-carboline Related Classifications
Cat. No.: HY-W049881
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- 9-Methyl-β-carboline
- 2521-07-5
- Dopamine Receptor
- PI3K
- Monoamine Oxidase
- Parkinson’s disease
- protein kinase A
- mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I
- phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway
- dopaminergic neurons
- monoamine oxidase A
- microglial proliferation
- protein kinase C
- monoamine oxidase B
- α-synuclein
- Inhibitor
- inhibitor
- inhibit