Cat. No.: HY-16637

Folic acid

(Synonyms: Vitamin B9; Vitamin M)

25 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 25 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Folic acid (Vitamin B9) is a orally active essential nutrient from the B complex group of vitamins. Folic acid shows antidepressant-like effect. Folic acid sodium reduces the risk of neonatal neural tube defects. Folic acid can be used to the research of megaloblastic and macrocytic anemias due to folic deficiency.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.02%
CAS No.: 59-30-3
Formula: C₁₉H₁₉N₇O₆
Molecular Weight:441.40

Storage:

RT, protect from light.

In solvent -80°C, 1 year , -20°C, 6 months

Folic acid Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 59-30-3

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
- Induced Disease Models
- Clinical Trial
Chemical Information
Publications (25)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

Microbial Metabolite

All DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoforms :

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
K562	IC₅₀	290 μM Compound: folate	Ability to inhibit thymidylate synthase derived from human leukemia K562 cells Ability to inhibit thymidylate synthase derived from human leukemia K562 cells	[PMID: 3470522]
KB	IC₅₀	0.5 μM Compound: folic acid	Photocytotoxicity against human KB cells overexpressing folate receptor assessed as cell viability incubated for 24 hrs followed by halogen light illumination measured after 20 mins by MTT assay Photocytotoxicity against human KB cells overexpressing folate receptor assessed as cell viability incubated for 24 hrs followed by halogen light illumination measured after 20 mins by MTT assay	[PMID: 24088087]
L1210	IC₅₀	>10 mM Compound: Folic acid	Inhibitory activity against growth of L1210 leukemia cells in culture Inhibitory activity against growth of L1210 leukemia cells in culture	[PMID: 1560436]
L1210	IC₅₀	>0.001 M Compound: table II	Inhibitory activity against thymidylate synthase in the intact L1210 cells Inhibitory activity against thymidylate synthase in the intact L1210 cells	[PMID: 3100797]
L1210	IC₅₀	0.00018 M Compound: table II	Inhibitory activity against the thymidylate synthase in the Permeabilized L1210 cells Inhibitory activity against the thymidylate synthase in the Permeabilized L1210 cells	[PMID: 3100797]
L1210	IC₅₀	0.18 mM Compound: table II	Inhibitory activity against the thymidylate synthase in the Permeabilized L1210 cells Inhibitory activity against the thymidylate synthase in the Permeabilized L1210 cells	[PMID: 3100797]
MOLT-4	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: Folic acid	Compound was evaluated for inhibition of MTX influx into MOLT-4 cells Compound was evaluated for inhibition of MTX influx into MOLT-4 cells	[PMID: 1895294]

In Vitro

Folic acid plays a critical role in the prevention of chromosome breakage and hypomethylation of DNA^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Animal Model:

30-40 g swiss mice^[2]
Dosage:

10, 50, 100 mg/kg
Administration:

Oral administration
Result:

Decreased the immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST) (F₃₂₄=11.21) and produced a significant effect in the immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST) (F_3,20=5.71).

Animal Model:

30-40 g swiss mice^[2]
Dosage:

1-10 nmol/site
Administration:

Intracerebroventrical injection
Result:

Decreased the immobility time of mice in the FST (F_3,22=12.31) and TST (F_3,22=5.50).

Animal Model:

Virgin female Wistar rats^[3]
Dosage:

1, 5 mg/kg (180 g/kg protein with 1 mg/kg folic acid or 90 g/kg casein with 1, 5 mg/kg folic acid)
Administration:

Oral administration
Result:

Prevented epigenetic modification of hepatic gene expression in the offspring.

Induced Disease Models

Note:
Please do not refer to only one article to determine the experimental conditions. It is recommended to determine the optimal experimental conditions (animal strain, age, dosage, frequency and cycle, detection time and indicators, etc.) through preliminary experiments before the formal experiment.

Folic acid can be used to induce acute kidney injury models. In rats, oral administration results in an AUC of 1.4 μg h/mL, with an oral bioavailability of 35%^[5].

Induction of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)^[6]

Background

Folic acid metabolism requires higher levels of NADPH to reduce folate to THF decreasing the antioxidant defense. The redox imbalance generated by folic acid metabolism is one of the main mechanisms involved in renal damage.

Specific Modeling Methods

Rat: Wistar • male
Administration: 300mg/ml • i.p. • single dose

Note

(1) Intraperitoneal injection 300 mg/kg folic acid (dissolved in 300 mM NaHCO) in male Wistar rats with an initial body weight between 230 to 250 g.
(2) Plasma was collected and analyzed at days 2, 4, 7, 14 and 28 after folic acid administration.

Modeling Indicators

Metabolic changes : Assessment of renal injury by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and plasma creatinine.
Individual phenotypic change: The ratio of kidney weight to total rat weight was detected.

Correlated Product(s): Acetylcysteine (HY-B0215)

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Clinical Trial

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase A549
NCT01329991	Plexxikon\|		2011-05	PHASE1

Chemical Information

CAS No. 59-30-3
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 441.40
Formula C₁₉H₁₉N₇O₆
Color Light yellow to yellow
SMILES

O=C(O)CC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(C1=CC=C(NCC2=CN=C3N=C(N)NC(C3=N2)=O)C=C1)=O
Synonyms

Vitamin B9; Vitamin M
Structure Classification
- Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids
Initial Source
- Plants
- other families
- Endogenous metabolite
- Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites
- Microorganisms
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

RT, protect from light

In solvent	-80°C	1 year
	-20°C	6 months

Publications (25)

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Journal Impact Factor

Bioact Mater

Bidirectional modulation of glycolysis using a multifunctional nanocomposite hydrogel promotes bone fracture healing in type 2 diabetes mellitus. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 8:50:152-170. PMID: 40256330
Nat Commun

Nuclear localization of MTHFD2 is required for correct mitosis progression. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 12;15(1):9529. PMID: 39532843
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Gene Therapy for Inflammatory Cascade in Intrauterine Injury with Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Hybrid Snail Mucus-enhanced Adhesive Hydrogels. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 25:e2410769. PMID: 39454114
J Adv Res

c-Myc-PANK3-EMT axis regulates the structure and function of intestinal barrier in ulcerative colitis. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 8:S2090-1232(25)00996-8. PMID: 41371401

Folic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Adv Res. 2025 Dec 8:S2090-1232(25)00996-8. [Abstract]

Epithelial junctional proteins were upregulated by Folic acid (30 mg/kg) treated.

Folic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Adv Res. 2025 Dec 8:S2090-1232(25)00996-8. [Abstract]

Decreased expression of mesenchymal markers, MMPs, and EMT regulators after Folic acid (30 mg/kg) administration.

Folic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Adv Res. 2025 Dec 8:S2090-1232(25)00996-8. [Abstract]

Folic acid (30 mg/kg) restored epithelial architecture, as evidenced by the increase in crypt integrity, maintenance of goblet cells.
J Nanobiotechnology

Folate-modified biomimetic nanovesicles loaded with a PU.1 inhibitor alleviate atherosclerosis by suppressing inflammation. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 5. PMID: 41345629
Research (Wash D C)

Creating Chemiluminescence Signature Arrays Coupled with Machine Learning for Alzheimer's Disease Serum Diagnosis. [Abstract]

2025 May 12:8:0653 PMID: 40357359
Cell Rep Med

Gestational palmitic acid suppresses embryonic GATA-binding protein 4 signaling and causes congenital heart disease. [Abstract]

2023 Mar 21;4(3):100953. PMID: 36809766
Br J Cancer

SETDB1 tumour suppressor roles in near-haploid mesothelioma involve TP53. [Abstract]

2023 Aug;129(3):531-540. PMID: 37369845
Anal Chem

Ultrahigh Flow Regulated Discharge Coupling with Targeted Mass Spectrometry Analysis: Real Time Capturing Biomolecules in Exhaled Breath. [Abstract]

2025 May 13;97(18):9827-9835. PMID: 40302637
JCI Insight

Mechanosensitive Piezo1 channels mediate renal fibrosis. [Abstract]

2022 Apr 8;7(7):e152330. PMID: 35230979

Folic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: JCI Insight. 2022 Apr 8;7(7):e152330. [Abstract]

mRNA levels of TGF-β1, α-SMA, and fibronectin in the kidney of CTL, Folic acid (FAN) (250 mg/kg, IP, 7 days), and FAN+GsMTx4 mice.

Folic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: JCI Insight. 2022 Apr 8;7(7):e152330. [Abstract]

Photomicrographs of Masson’s staining in the kidney of CTL, Folic acid (FAN) (250 mg/kg, IP, 7 days), and FAN+GsMTx4 mice.
Food Biosci

2026 Mar 23.
Biochem Pharmacol

Dual inhibition of EGR1/STAT3 transcriptional hubs suppresses macrophage-driven liver fibrosis: A multi-omics-guided drug repurposing strategy. [Abstract]

2025 Oct:240:117120. PMID: 40623460
Food Funct

Folic acid alleviates endothelial dysfunction caused by T2DM-induced ferroptosis by activating the SIRT6/NRF2/GPX4 signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 27;17(8):3587-3599. PMID: 41906715
Drug Des Devel Ther

Network Pharmacology and Metabolomics Reveal Anti-Ferroptotic Effects of Curcumin in Acute Kidney Injury. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 21:18:6223-6241. PMID: 39722679
J Mol Med (Berl)

Combination of PARP inhibitor and temozolomide to suppress chordoma progression. [Abstract]

2019 Aug;97(8):1183-1193. PMID: 31201471
Sci Rep

Decitabine promotes the differentiation of poorly differentiated gastric cancer cells and enhances the sensitivity of NK cell cytotoxicity via TNF-α. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 16;15(1):13119. PMID: 40240368
Sci Rep

UHRF1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediating renal fibrosis by activating the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 27;15(1):3346. PMID: 39870702
Microbiol Spectr

Potential quorum-sensing inhibitor of Hafnia alvei H4-theaflavin-3,3´-digallate analyzed by virtual screening and molecular simulation. [Abstract]

2023 Sep 21;11(5):e0267123. PMID: 37732782
Neurotox Res

Duloxetine-Induced Neural Cell Death and Promoted Neurite Outgrowth in N2a Cells. [Abstract]

2020 Dec;38(4):859-870. PMID: 32415528
J Pharm Pharmacol

Folate-chitosan nanoparticle delivery of cannabidiol for targeted triple-negative breast cancer therapy. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 21:rgaf072. PMID: 40838692
Ren Fail

The relationship between thiamin, folic acid and cognitive function in a rat model of uremia. [Abstract]

2024 Dec;46(1):2329257. PMID: 38482596
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim

5-Methoxytryptophan improves cerebrovascular injury induced by chronic kidney disease through NF-κB pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Aug;61(7):774-788. PMID: 40632423
SSRN

2025 Sep 17.
SSRN

2025 Jan 14.
bioRxiv

2023 Jun 1.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

1M NaOH : 100 mg/mL (226.55 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : 33.33 mg/mL (75.51 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

2.2655 mL

11.3276 mL

22.6552 mL

5 mM

0.4531 mL

2.2655 mL

4.5310 mL

10 mM

0.2266 mL

1.1328 mL

2.2655 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 300 mM Sodium bicarbonate in Water

Solubility: 50 mg/mL (113.28 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.71 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: 2.08 mg/mL (4.71 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.08 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (279 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Butterworth CE Jr, et al. Folic acid safety and toxicity: a brief review. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989 Aug;50(2):353-8. [Content Brief]

[2]. Brocardo PS, et al. Folic acid administration produces an antidepressant-like effect in mice: evidence for the involvement of the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems. Neuropharmacology. 2008 Feb;54(2):464-73. [Content Brief]

[3]. Lillycrop KA, et al. Dietary protein restriction of pregnant rats induces and folic acid supplementation prevents epigenetic modification of hepatic gene expression in the offspring. J Nutr. 2005 Jun;135(6):1382-6. [Content Brief]

[4]. Pietrzik K, et al. Folic acid and L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate: comparison of clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2010 Aug;49(8):535-48. [Content Brief]

[5]. Peñalva R, et al. Zein nanoparticles for oral folic acid delivery[J]. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 2015, 30: 450-457.

[6]. Aparicio-Trejo OE, et al. Chronic impairment of mitochondrial bioenergetics and β-oxidation promotes experimental AKI-to-CKD transition induced by folic acid. Free Radic Biol Med. 2020 Jul;154:18-32. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO / 1M NaOH	1 mM	2.2655 mL	11.3276 mL	22.6552 mL	56.6380 mL
	5 mM	0.4531 mL	2.2655 mL	4.5310 mL	11.3276 mL
	10 mM	0.2266 mL	1.1328 mL	2.2655 mL	5.6638 mL
	15 mM	0.1510 mL	0.7552 mL	1.5103 mL	3.7759 mL
	20 mM	0.1133 mL	0.5664 mL	1.1328 mL	2.8319 mL
	25 mM	0.0906 mL	0.4531 mL	0.9062 mL	2.2655 mL
	30 mM	0.0755 mL	0.3776 mL	0.7552 mL	1.8879 mL
	40 mM	0.0566 mL	0.2832 mL	0.5664 mL	1.4159 mL
	50 mM	0.0453 mL	0.2266 mL	0.4531 mL	1.1328 mL
	60 mM	0.0378 mL	0.1888 mL	0.3776 mL	0.9440 mL
1M NaOH	80 mM	0.0283 mL	0.1416 mL	0.2832 mL	0.7080 mL
1M NaOH	100 mM	0.0227 mL	0.1133 mL	0.2266 mL	0.5664 mL

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Folic acid

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Folic acid

All DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoforms

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (25)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Folic acid Related Classifications

Cat. No.: HY-16637