2. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease NF-κB MAPK/ERK Pathway
  3. Endogenous Metabolite NF-κB p38 MAPK
  4. Fumaric acid

Fumaric acid is an unsaturated dicarbonic acid, an intermediate product of the citric acid cycle that provides intracellular energy in the form of ATP. Fumaric acid exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway dependent on p38 MAPK. Fumaric acid can be used in the study of pregnancy-induced hypertension.

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Fumaric acid Chemical Structure

Fumaric acid Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 110-17-8

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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Fumaric acid:

Fumaric acid Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

1 Publications Citing Use of MCE Fumaric acid

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NF-κB NF-κB1/p50 RelA/p65 RelB c-Rel

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p38 MAPK p38α p38β MAPK13 p38δ p38γ

  • Biological Activity

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

Fumaric acid is an unsaturated dicarbonic acid, an intermediate product of the citric acid cycle that provides intracellular energy in the form of ATP. Fumaric acid exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway dependent on p38 MAPK. Fumaric acid can be used in the study of pregnancy-induced hypertension[1][2][3].

IC50 & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

 

In Vitro

Fumaric acid (50 μM, 24 h) inhibits p38 MAPK-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway and decreases the expression of eotaxin-1 in TNF-α-stimulated fibroblasts[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Fumaric acid Related Antibodies

Western Blot Analysis[2]

Cell Line: NIH/3T3
Concentration: 50 μM
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Inhibited p38 MAPK and IκB-a phosphorylation.
Attenuated TNF-a-induced NF-κB and decreased the expression of CCR3.
Reduced the NF-κB activation induced by TRADD, TRAF2, and MEKK3.
In Vivo

Fumaric acid (10 mL/kg, intravenously injected) is used to treat gestational hypertension by down-regulating the expression of KCNMB1 and TET1[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Gestational hypertension rat model[3]
Dosage: 10 mL/kg
Administration: i.v.
Result: Downregulated the levels of TET1 and KCNMB1.
Clinical Trial
Molecular Weight

116.07

Formula

C4H4O4
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=C(O)/C=C/C(O)=O
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 25 mg/mL (215.39 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H2O : 11.11 mg/mL (95.72 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 8.6155 mL 43.0775 mL 86.1549 mL
5 mM 1.7231 mL 8.6155 mL 17.2310 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

    Solubility: 8.33 mg/mL (71.77 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.49%

COA (245 KB) HNMR (107 KB) RP-HPLC (101 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
H2O / DMSO 1 mM 8.6155 mL 43.0775 mL 86.1549 mL 215.3873 mL
5 mM 1.7231 mL 8.6155 mL 17.2310 mL 43.0775 mL
10 mM 0.8615 mL 4.3077 mL 8.6155 mL 21.5387 mL
15 mM 0.5744 mL 2.8718 mL 5.7437 mL 14.3592 mL
20 mM 0.4308 mL 2.1539 mL 4.3077 mL 10.7694 mL
25 mM 0.3446 mL 1.7231 mL 3.4462 mL 8.6155 mL
30 mM 0.2872 mL 1.4359 mL 2.8718 mL 7.1796 mL
40 mM 0.2154 mL 1.0769 mL 2.1539 mL 5.3847 mL
50 mM 0.1723 mL 0.8615 mL 1.7231 mL 4.3077 mL
60 mM 0.1436 mL 0.7180 mL 1.4359 mL 3.5898 mL
80 mM 0.1077 mL 0.5385 mL 1.0769 mL 2.6923 mL
DMSO 100 mM 0.0862 mL 0.4308 mL 0.8615 mL 2.1539 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Fumaric acid Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Fumaric acid110-17-8Endogenous MetaboliteNF-κBp38 MAPKNuclear factor-κBNuclear factor-kappaBDMFAnti-inflammatoryNIH/3T3Gestational hypertension ratInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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