Poaceae

2,2'-Biphenol (o,o'-Biphenol) is an anti-inflammatory agent and the major non-protein-bound phenolic metabolite activated by rat bone marrow homogenate and hydrogen peroxide. 2,2'-Biphenol inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (HY-D1056)-induced COX-2 mRNA and protein expression. 2,2'-Biphenol suppresses the binding of AP-1 and NF-κB to their respective consensus sequences. 2,2'-Biphenol is applicable to research related to inflammation.

epi-Smilagenin is a 5β-spirostan-3α-ol and steroidal sapogenin. epi-Smilagenin can be found in the rumen content of sheep intoxicated by Brachiaria decumbens.

6''-O-(3'''-Hydroxy-3'''-methylglutaryl) vitexin is an orally active flavonoid glycoside and insecticide that can be isolated from the twigs of Eleusine coracana. 6''-O-(3'''-Hydroxy-3'''-methylglutaryl) vitexin exhibits distinct antifeedant activity against Nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper) nymphs and effectively inhibits their feeding behavior. 6''-O-(3'''-Hydroxy-3'''-methylglutaryl) vitexin can serve as a plant-derived natural defense substance for regulating pest behavior and investigating potential control mechanisms of agricultural pests.

Echinochlorin A is a fatty acid derivative present in Echinochloa utilis.

1,3-Di-O-trans-feruloylquinic acid is a di-hydroxycinnamoylquinic acid ester found in roots of nutrient-deprived Brachiaria species. 1,3-Di-O-trans-feruloylquinic acid stimulates root elongation.

Farobin B (compound 2) is a flavonoid glycoside antioxidant that scavenges reactive oxygen species and exhibits activity in the ORAC assay. Farobin B is found in the leaves of Fargesia robusta 'Pingwu'.

Apigenin 6-C-β-boivinopyranosyl-7-O-β-glucopyranoside is a C-glycosylflavone that can be found in the whole plant of Pogonatherum crinitum (Thunb.) Kunth.

Juncuenin B is a natural phenolic compound.

5-Acetamide-Butenolide (Butenolide) is a mycotoxin with pro-oxidant activity, which is found in Fusarium. 5-Acetamide-Butenolide disrupts the mitochondrial membrane potential in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. 5-Acetamide-Butenolide also induces the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in isolated rat myocardial mitochondria. 5-Acetamide-Butenolide increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreases the levels of GSH and reduces the viability of HepG2 cells.

(3E)-4,8-Dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene, a sesquiterpene, is the major herbivore-induced plant volatile that help in defense directly by acting as repellants and indirectly by recruiting insects' natural enemies. (3E)-4,8-Dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene attractes Asian corn borer (ACB, Ostrinia furnacalis) larvae. External supplementation with (3E)-4,8-Dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene hampered the larvae's ability to locate pre-infested maize.