Digitalis purpurea L.

Phomarin is an inhibitor for dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Phomarin exhibits activity against Plasmodium parasites and fungi including Mycrobotryum violaceum and Botrytis cinerea. Phomarin can be used for the research of malaria and fungal infections.

Digitoxose (D-(+)-Digitoxose), a natural product, specifically and competitively inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release from islets in lean and obese mice. Digitoxose can be used in diabetes research.

Degalactotigonin is a saponin-selective inhibitor targeting the EGFR, GSK3β and Hedgehog/Gli1 pathways and can be isolated from Solanum nigrum (Solanum nigrum). Degalactotigonin inhibits EGFR phosphorylation and the downstream Akt/ERK signaling pathway, and at the same time inhibits the Hedgehog/Gli1 pathway through GSK3β inactivation, thereby inducing cancer cell apoptosis, arresting the cell cycle, and inhibiting migration and invasion. Degalactotigonin can be used in targeted research on malignant tumors such as pancreatic cancer and osteosarcoma.