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Lactoyl-L-tyrosine is an endogenous N-lactoyl-amino acid formed from L-lactic acid and L-tyrosine. Lactoyl-L-tyrosine can be used to study flavor development during cheese ripening or as a natural flavor enhancer in the food industry.

Guanine nucleotide imidazolide intermediate (Compound 19e) disodium is a guanine nucleotide derivative that can be used to synthesize modified RNA.

Molluscicidal agent-2 (Compound 16) is a molluscicide with an LC₅₀ of 0.58 mg/mL against Monacha cartusiana snails. Molluscicidal agent-2 exerts its effect through a dual mode of action: gastrointestinal toxicity and GABA_A-GluCl channel antagonism. Molluscicidal agent-2 can be used in research on agricultural pest control.

Renilla luciferase (RLuc) mRNA (5moU) will express a luciferase protein, originally isolated from the Renilla muelleri (Sea pansy). Luciferases are widely used in biotechnology, for microscopy and as reporter genes, for many of the same applications as fluorescent proteins.

OVA mRNA (5moU) encodes the ovalbumin (OVA) protein, a member of the serpin superfamily and the predominant glycoprotein found in egg whites. It is a commonly used antigen for immunization and biochemical studies and is an established model allergen for airway hyper-responsiveness.

mCherry mRNA (5moU) encodes the fluorescent protein, mCherry, which is derived from DsRed, a protein found in Discosoma sp. mCherry is a monomeric fluorophore with a peak absorption at 587 nm and emission at 610 nm. It is stable and resistant to photobleaching.

Human EPO mRNA encodes the human erythropoietin (EPO) protein, a hormone that controls erythropoiesis, or red blood cell production. EPO also plays a role in wound healing and the brain’s response to neural injury. Kariko et al. showed that transfection of EPO mRNA in vivo resulted in significant increases of both reticulocyte counts and hematocrits.

eGFP mRNA (5moU) expresses a green fluorescent protein, originally isolated from the jellyfish, Aequorea victoria. EGFP is a commonly used direct detection reporter in mammalian cell culture, yielding bright green fluorescence. The substitution with 5’-Methoxyuridine (5moU) improves protein expression and reduces innate immune response.

Cas9 Nickase D10A mRNA expresses a version of the Streptococcus pyogenes SF370 Cas9 protein (CRISPR Associated Protein 9) that contains a D10A amino acid substitution. This mRNA also contains a C-terminal nuclear localization signal followed by a HA tag.Cas9 functions as part of the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) genome editing system. In the CRISPR system, an RNA guide sequence targets the site of interest and the Cas9 protein is employed to perform the DNA cleavage. While wild-type Cas9 creates a double-stranded break at the target site, Cas9 nickase creates a single-stranded break. This favors homology-directed repair and decreases the occurrence of non-homologous end joining.

eSpCas9 mRNA (N1-Me-Pseudo UTP) can express SpCas9 protein with higher specificity.

β-galactosidase mRNA (5moU) encodes β-galactosidase, a protein product of the bacterial LacZ gene. β-galactosidase catalyzes the conversion of β-galactosides into monosaccharides which could be used as a common marker to assess transfection efficiency. The incorporation of 5moU can reduce the immunogenicity of the resulting mRNA.

HHV-1 UL48 mRNA encodes the UL48 protein of human herpesvirus 1 (HHV-1). UL48 is a tanscriptional activator of immediate-early (IE) gene products (alpha genes). It acts as a key activator of lytic infection by initiating the lytic program through the assembly of the transcriptional regulatory VP16-induced complex composed of VP16 and two cellular factors, HCFC1 and POU2F 1.

Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) mRNA will express a luciferase protein, derived from the Gaussia princeps. luciferases are widely used in biotechnology, for microscopy and as reporter genes, for many of the same applications as fluorescent proteins.

The Cre-T2A-GFP mRNA is a capped and polyadenylated messenger RNA encoding a Cre recombinase with a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) and a green fluorescent protein (GFP). The incorporation of N1-Methylpseudo-UTP can reduce the immunogenicity of the resulting mRNA.

The Cre-T2A-GFP mRNA is a capped and polyadenylated messenger RNA encoding a Cre recombinase with a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) and a green fluorescent protein (GFP).

The Cas9-T2A-GFP mRNA encodes a Cas9 nuclease gene with two nuclear localization signals (NLS) and a green fluorescent protein (GFP), which could be used in genome engineering experiments. The incorporation of N1-Methylpseudo-UTP can reduce the immunogenicity of the resulting mRNA.

The Cas9-T2A-GFP mRNA encodes a Cas9 nuclease gene with two nuclear localization signals (NLS) and a green fluorescent protein (GFP), which could be used in genome engineering experiments.

mCherry mRNA encodes the mCherry fluorescent protein, which is derived from Anaplasma marginale. mCherry can be used as a fluorescent tracer in transfection and transgenic experiments or as a reporter of gene expression.

DBCO-PEG1000-NHS is a dibenzocyclooctyne-conjugated polyethylene glycol derivative bearing an NHS group. DBCO-PEG-NHS forms a stable covalent linkage with the amino group of target molecules via the NHS ester at one end, while introducing a DBCO group at the other end, thus preparing for subsequent click chemical conjugation with any azide-bearing molecule or material.

C12 Lissamine-rhodamine galactosylceramide (d18:1/12:0) (Lissamine-rhodamine B-dodecanoyl Galactosylceramide) is a fluorescently labeled version of C12 galactosylceramide.