Cat. No.: HY-N2406

Dihydrocaffeic acid

(Synonyms: 3,4-Dihydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid)

2 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 2 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Dihydrocaffeic acid is a microbial metabolite of flavonoids. Dihydrocaffeic acid scavenges intracellular ROS and increases nitric oxide synthase activity. Dihydrocaffeic acid reduces phosphorylation of MAPK p38 and prevent UVB-induced skin damage. Dihydrocaffeic acid has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cartilage degradation activities.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.86%
CAS No.: 1078-61-1
Formula: C₉H₁₀O₄
Molecular Weight:182.17

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month

Dihydrocaffeic acid Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 1078-61-1

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Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (2)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]

Microbial Metabolite

p38 MAPK

Human Endogenous Metabolite

All p38 MAPK Isoforms :

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms :

All NO Synthase Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
HEp-2	CC₅₀	>200 μg/mL Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against human Hep2 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human Hep2 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 26260341]
HFF-1	CC₅₀	>200 μg/mL Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against human HFF1 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HFF1 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 26260341]
Oocyte	IC₅₀	86.8 μM Compound: alpha,beta-diH-Caf-COOH, dihydrocaffeic acid	Antagonist activity at Gloeobacter violaceus ligand-gated ion channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as inhibition of MES buffer pH 5.5 -induced currents after 30 secs by voltage clamp technique Antagonist activity at Gloeobacter violaceus ligand-gated ion channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as inhibition of MES buffer pH 5.5 -induced currents after 30 secs by voltage clamp technique	[PMID: 23682762]
U-937	IC₅₀	212.7 μM Compound: 20, DHCA	Antiproliferative activity against human U937 cells assessed as incorporation of [3H]-methyl-thymidine after 12 hrs by scintillation counting Antiproliferative activity against human U937 cells assessed as incorporation of [3H]-methyl-thymidine after 12 hrs by scintillation counting	[PMID: 22925447]
U-937	CC₅₀	>2000 μM Compound: 20, DHCA	Cytotoxicity against human U937 cells after 48 hrs by trypan blue assay Cytotoxicity against human U937 cells after 48 hrs by trypan blue assay	[PMID: 22925447]
Vero	CC₅₀	>200 μg/mL Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 26260341]

In Vitro

Dihydrocaffeic acid (24-96 h) shows cytotoxicity against human Hep2 and HFF1 cells, with CD₅₀s of >200 μg/mL^[2].
. Dihydrocaffeic acid (0.15 μM-2.0 mM) shows antiproliferative activity against human U937 cells, with IC₅₀ of 212.7 μM^[3].
. Dihydrocaffeic acid (16-24 h) shows antioxidant effects in human EA.hy926 endothelial cells^[4].
Dihydrocaffeic acid (25-100 μM, 24 h) reduces cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory cytokine production (interleukin-6 and -8) in HaCaT cells, a keratinocyte model, following UV radiation^[5].
Dihydrocaffeic acid (40 μM, 24 h) improves IL-1β-induced inflammation and cartilage degradation in mouse OA chondrocytes via inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways^[6].
Dihydrocaffeic acid (10 μM) significantly decreases P-selectin expression in ADP-stimulated platelets^[7].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Dihydrocaffeic acid (3-30 mg/kg, i.p.) protects against ischemia-induced neuronal damage and cerebral edema in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia^[8].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 1078-61-1
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 182.17
Formula C₉H₁₀O₄
Color Off-white to light brown
SMILES

O=C(O)CCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1
Synonyms

3,4-Dihydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid
Structure Classification
- Phenols
- Polyphenols
- Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids
Initial Source
- Endogenous metabolite
- Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Publications (2)

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Journal Impact Factor

Cell Commun Signal

Chemo-proteomics reveals dihydrocaffeic acid exhibits anti-inflammation effects via Transaldolase 1 mediated PERK-NF-κB pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 5;23(1):65. PMID: 39910568

Dihydrocaffeic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Feb 5;23(1):65. [Abstract]

Dihydrocaffeic acid (DA) (low dose: 10 mg/kg; high dosen: 20 mg/kg) attenuated these injuries, and its protective effect was similar to that of the positive drug DEX by H&E staining.

Dihydrocaffeic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Feb 5;23(1):65. [Abstract]

The release of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in lung tissue treated with (low dose: 10 mg/kg; high dosen: 20 mg/kg).

Dihydrocaffeic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Feb 5;23(1):65. [Abstract]

Cytotoxicity assessment of Dihydrocaffeic acid (DA) (1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200, 500 μM) and DA-P in cells.

Dihydrocaffeic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Feb 5;23(1):65. [Abstract]

Expression and densitometry analysis of inflammatory cytokines treated with Dihydrocaffeic acid (DA) (50, 100 μM).

Dihydrocaffeic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Feb 5;23(1):65. [Abstract]

Pull-down assay followed by western blot (up) and recombinant TALDO1 labeled by DA-P with Dihydrocaffeic acid (DA) (down).
Bone Joint Res

Dihydrocaffeic acid improves IL-1β-induced inflammation and cartilage degradation via inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways. [Abstract]

2023 Apr 6;12(4):259-273. PMID: 37492935

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 250 mg/mL (1372.34 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : ≥ 100 mg/mL (548.94 mM)

* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

5.4894 mL

27.4469 mL

54.8938 mL

5 mM

1.0979 mL

5.4894 mL

10.9788 mL

10 mM

0.5489 mL

2.7447 mL

5.4894 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (11.42 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (11.42 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (11.42 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact

MedChemExpress (MCE) .

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (276 KB)
SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Oliveira MM, et al. Dihydrocaffeic Acid Prevents UVB-Induced Oxidative Stress Leading to the Inhibition of Apoptosis and MMP-1 Expression via p38 Signaling Pathway. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019 Jan 17;2019:2419096. [Content Brief]

[2]. Botta G, et al. Carbon nanotubes supported tyrosinase in the synthesis of lipophilic hydroxytyrosol and dihydrocaffeoyl catechols with antiviral activity against DNA and RNA viruses. Bioorg Med Chem. 2015 Sep 1;23(17):5345-51. [Content Brief]

[3]. Vázquez R, et al. Structure-anti-leukemic activity relationship study of ortho-dihydroxycoumarins in U-937 cells: key role of the δ-lactone ring in determining differentiation-inducing potency and selective pro-apoptotic action. Bioorg Med Chem. 2012 Sep 15;20(18):5537-49. [Content Brief]

[4]. Huang J, et al. Antioxidant effects of dihydrocaffeic acid in human EA.hy926 endothelial cells. J Nutr Biochem. 2004 Dec;15(12):722-9. [Content Brief]

[5]. Poquet L, et al. Effect of dihydrocaffeic acid on UV irradiation of human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2008 Aug 15;476(2):196-204. [Content Brief]

[6]. Lu R, et al. Dihydrocaffeic acid improves IL-1β-induced inflammation and cartilage degradation via inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways. Bone Joint Res. 2023 Apr 6;12(4):259-273. [Content Brief]

[7]. Baeza G, et al. The colonic metabolites dihydrocaffeic acid and dihydroferulic acid are more effective inhibitors of in vitro platelet activation than their phenolic precursors. Food Funct. 2017 Mar 22;8(3):1333-1342. [Content Brief]

[8]. Lee K, et al. Protective Effects of Dihydrocaffeic Acid, a Coffee Component Metabolite, on a Focal Cerebral Ischemia Rat Model. Molecules. 2015 Jun 30;20(7):11930-40. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	5.4894 mL	27.4469 mL	54.8938 mL	137.2345 mL
	5 mM	1.0979 mL	5.4894 mL	10.9788 mL	27.4469 mL
	10 mM	0.5489 mL	2.7447 mL	5.4894 mL	13.7234 mL
	15 mM	0.3660 mL	1.8298 mL	3.6596 mL	9.1490 mL
	20 mM	0.2745 mL	1.3723 mL	2.7447 mL	6.8617 mL
	25 mM	0.2196 mL	1.0979 mL	2.1958 mL	5.4894 mL
	30 mM	0.1830 mL	0.9149 mL	1.8298 mL	4.5745 mL
	40 mM	0.1372 mL	0.6862 mL	1.3723 mL	3.4309 mL
	50 mM	0.1098 mL	0.5489 mL	1.0979 mL	2.7447 mL
	60 mM	0.0915 mL	0.4574 mL	0.9149 mL	2.2872 mL
	80 mM	0.0686 mL	0.3431 mL	0.6862 mL	1.7154 mL
	100 mM	0.0549 mL	0.2745 mL	0.5489 mL	1.3723 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Keywords

Dihydrocaffeic acid

2 Cited Publications

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Dihydrocaffeic acid

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Dihydrocaffeic acid

All p38 MAPK Isoforms

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms

All NO Synthase Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (2)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Dihydrocaffeic acid Related Classifications

HY-N2406 Related Classifications