Exendin(9-39) amide acetate
Based on 45 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Exendin(9-39) amide (Avexitide) acetate is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) antagonist that competes with endogenous GLP-1 for the GLP-1R, counteracting the effects of excessive GLP-1 secretion. Exendin(9-39) amide acetate can be utilized in Postbariatric hypoglycemia (PBH) research.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.41%
- CAS No.: 2051593-46-3
- Formula: C149H234N40O47S·xC2HF3O2
- Molecular Weight:3369.76 (free base)
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Storage:
Sealed storage, away from moisture.
Powder -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Exendin(9-39) amide acetate
More- Cell Metab. 2026 Jan 6;38(1):50-64.e12. [Abstract]
- Cell Mol Immunol. 2025 Mar;22(3):282-299. [Abstract]
- Cell Host Microbe. 2026 Jun 10;34(6):1000-1017.e5. [Abstract]
- J Clin Invest. 2025 Aug 26:e186652. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Oct;11(39):e2405987. [Abstract]
- Pharmacol Res. 2026 Jun 24:230:108321. [Abstract]
- J Orthop Translat. 2026 Jun 23;59:101166. [Abstract]
- Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2024 Jun;44(6):1225-1245. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2026 Apr:353:151235. [Abstract]
- J Headache Pain. 2021 Jul 29;22(1):86. [Abstract]
- Neural Regen Res. 2026 Feb 1;21(2):800-810. [Abstract]
- Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Oct 16;13(10):1246. [Abstract]
- MAbs. 2021 Jan-Dec;13(1):1893425. [Abstract]
- Cell Syst. 2026 May 20;17(5):101568. [Abstract]
- Br J Pharmacol. 2020 Aug;177(15):3389-3402. [Abstract]
- Chin Med. 2026 Jan 24;21(1):51. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2026 Jul 15:366:121670. [Abstract]
- Life Sci. 2022 Apr 1;294:120370. [Abstract]
- Mol Metab. 2026 Jun 18:110:102403. [Abstract]
- Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022 Jul;24(7):1255-1266. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2022 Dec 5:936:175377. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Oct 25:140:112844. [Abstract]
- J Nutr Biochem. 2025 Sep:143:109954. [Abstract]
- Exp Neurol. 2025 Jan:383:115001. [Abstract]
- Neuropharmacology. 2024 Jul 1:252:109946. [Abstract]
- FASEB J. 2023 Oct;37(10):e23201. [Abstract]
- ACS Med Chem Lett. 2026 May 4;17(5):963-972. [Abstract]
- Exp Biol Med. 2019 Oct;244(14):1193-1201. [Abstract]
- Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2024 Jul 1:588:112225. [Abstract]
- Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2023 Apr;23(3-4):161-175. [Abstract]
- Neurosci Res. 2024 Feb:199:48-56. [Abstract]
- Gerontology. 2023;69(5):603-614. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2021 Apr 9:548:120-126. [Abstract]
- Microcirculation. 2026 Jul;33(5):e70070. [Abstract]
- In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2024 Oct;60(9):1046-1057. [Abstract]
- Diabetol Int. 2025 Jun 5;16(3):568-579. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2026 Jun 19.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Feb 6:2025.01.31.635976. [Abstract]
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 Sep:178:117202. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2024 Mar 20:2024.03.18.585583. [Abstract]
- Patent. US20230278991A1.
- Dis Markers. 2022 Apr 25;2022:5013622. [Abstract]
- Research Square Preprint. 2021 Dec.
- Patent. US20200283424A1.
- Patent. US20200283424A1.
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
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WB
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IF
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WB
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IF
Biological Activity
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 2051593-46-3
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 3369.76 (free base)
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Formula C149H234N40O47S·xC2HF3O2
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Color White to off-white
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Synonyms
Avexitide acetate
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Sequence
Asp-Leu-Ser-Lys-Gln-Met-Glu-Glu-Glu-Ala-Val-Arg-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu-Trp-Leu-Lys-Asn-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-NH2
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Sequence Shortening
DLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPS-NH2
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Sealed storage, away from moisture
Powder -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications (45)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cell Metab
Gut enteroendocrine cell activation using a combination of GPR119 and GPR40 agonists results in synergistic hormone secretion in mice and humans. [Abstract]2026 Jan 6;38(1):50-64.e12. PMID: 41338185 -
Cell Mol Immunol
GLP1 alleviates oleic acid-propelled lipocalin-2 generation by tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells to reduce polymorphonuclear MDSC recruitment and enhances viral immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer. [Abstract]2025 Mar;22(3):282-299. PMID: 39910336 -
Cell Host Microbe
Microbiota-driven gut-brain signaling underlies antidepressant effects of a GLP-1 analog. [Abstract]2026 Jun 10;34(6):1000-1017.e5. PMID: 42269582 -
J Clin Invest
2025 Aug 26:e186652. PMID: 40857106 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
2024 Oct;11(39):e2405987. PMID: 39159301 -
Pharmacol Res
Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, attenuates endothelial dysfunction and angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm in ApoE-/- mice. [Abstract]2026 Jun 24:230:108321. PMID: 42342001 -
J Orthop Translat
Semaglutide alleviates osteoarthritis independent of weight loss via GLP-1R-mediated activation of autophagy through AKT/mTOR inhibition. [Abstract]2026 Jun 23;59:101166. PMID: 42381999 -
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
Novel Angiogenesis Role of GLP-1(32-36) to Rescue Diabetic Ischemic Lower Limbs via GLP-1R-Dependent Glycolysis in Mice. [Abstract]2024 Jun;44(6):1225-1245. PMID: 38511325 -
Int J Biol Macromol
Dendrobium huoshanense stem polysaccharide protects against Alzheimer's disease by modulating SCFAs/GLP-1 axis-mediated neuroinflammation suppression. [Abstract]2026 Apr:353:151235. PMID: 41794249 -
J Headache Pain
Activation of microglial GLP-1R in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis suppresses central sensitization of chronic migraine after recurrent nitroglycerin stimulation. [Abstract]2021 Jul 29;22(1):86. PMID: 34325647
Exendin(9-39) amide acetate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Headache Pain. 2021 Jul 29;22(1):86. [Abstract]
Western blots showing the alteration of CGRP protein levels in the TNC treated with liraglutide and Exendin (9–39) (50 μg/kg; i.p.; 16 days).
Exendin(9-39) amide acetate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Headache Pain. 2021 Jul 29;22(1):86. [Abstract]
The density of CGRP-immunoreactive fibres in the TNC was increased in the CM and Exendin (9–39) (50 μg/kg; i.p.; 16 days) treated (CM + Exe(9–39)) groups compared with the sham group.
Exendin(9-39) amide acetate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Headache Pain. 2021 Jul 29;22(1):86. [Abstract]
Western blots showing the changes in c-fos protein expression in the TNC following liraglutide and Exendin (9–39) (50 μg/kg; i.p.; 16 days) administration.
Exendin(9-39) amide acetate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Headache Pain. 2021 Jul 29;22(1):86. [Abstract]
The immunofluorescence results for c-fos in the TNC showed that the number of c-fos immunoreactive cells in the Exendin (9–39) (50 μg/kg; i.p.; 16 days) treated group (CM + Exe(9–39), 72.33 ± 14.95) was higher than that of sham group (39.83 ± 13.23).
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Neural Regen Res
Topical administration of GLP-1 eyedrops improves retinal ganglion cell function by facilitating presynaptic GABA release in early experimental diabetes. [Abstract]2026 Feb 1;21(2):800-810. PMID: 38934389 -
Antioxidants (Basel)
Baicalein Ameliorates Insulin Resistance of HFD/STZ Mice Through Activating PI3K/AKT Signal Pathway of Liver and Skeletal Muscle in a GLP-1R-Dependent Manner. [Abstract]2024 Oct 16;13(10):1246. PMID: 39456499 -
MAbs
Functional GLP-1R antibodies identified from a synthetic GPCR-focused library demonstrate potent blood glucose control. [Abstract]2021 Jan-Dec;13(1):1893425. PMID: 33706686 -
Cell Syst
Glycemia shifts pancreatic islet rhythmicity by influencing interactions between δ cells and α cells. [Abstract]2026 May 20;17(5):101568. PMID: 41916313 -
Br J Pharmacol
Exendin-4, a GLP-1 receptor agonist regulates retinal capillary tone and restores microvascular patency after ischaemia-reperfusion injury. [Abstract]2020 Aug;177(15):3389-3402. PMID: 32232832
Exendin(9-39) amide acetate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Br J Pharmacol. 2020 Aug;177(15):3389-3402. [Abstract]
The addition of Exendin‐9–39 (10 nM, 20 nM) eliminated the effect of Exendin‐4 on NO levels.
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Chin Med
Targeting G-protein-coupled receptors and gut microbiota: Ge-Lian Qi-Shen decoction elevates GLP-1 to combat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. [Abstract]2026 Jan 24;21(1):51. PMID: 41580820 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharides alleviate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice: comparison between different parts of plant and role of GLP-1/GLP-1R axis. [Abstract]2026 Jul 15:366:121670. PMID: 41962608 -
Life Sci
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation by liraglutide promotes breast cancer through NOX4/ROS/VEGF pathway. [Abstract]2022 Apr 1;294:120370. PMID: 35124000 -
Mol Metab
2026 Jun 18:110:102403. PMID: 42314903 -
Diabetes Obes Metab
The alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist GTS-21 engages the glucagon-like peptide-1 incretin hormone axis to lower levels of blood glucose in db/db mice. [Abstract]2022 Jul;24(7):1255-1266. PMID: 35293666 -
Eur J Pharmacol
2022 Dec 5:936:175377. PMID: 36347320 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Exendin-4 intervention attenuates atherosclerosis severity by modulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells and inflammatory cytokines in ApoE-/- mice. [Abstract]2024 Oct 25:140:112844. PMID: 39094363 -
J Nutr Biochem
Gut microbiota regulation by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SG5 enhances mitochondrial function in Parkinson's disease mice via the GLP-1/PGC-1α pathway. [Abstract]2025 Sep:143:109954. PMID: 40368220 -
Exp Neurol
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SG5 inhibits neuroinflammation in MPTP-induced PD mice through GLP-1/PGC-1α pathway. [Abstract]2025 Jan:383:115001. PMID: 39406307 -
Neuropharmacology
GLP-1 modulated the firing activity of nigral dopaminergic neurons in both normal and parkinsonian mice. [Abstract]2024 Jul 1:252:109946. PMID: 38599494 -
FASEB J
2023 Oct;37(10):e23201. PMID: 37732618 -
ACS Med Chem Lett
In Vitro Characterization of Agonist and Antagonist Peptide Binding Interaction Kinetics to GLP-1R in HEK293T Cells Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy. [Abstract]2026 May 4;17(5):963-972. PMID: 42157826 -
Exp Biol Med
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor pathway inhibits extracellular matrix production by mesangial cells through store-operated Ca2+ channel. [Abstract]2019 Oct;244(14):1193-1201. PMID: 31510798 -
Mol Cell Endocrinol
Liraglutide promotes UCP1 expression and lipolysis of adipocytes by promoting the secretion of irisin from skeletal muscle cells. [Abstract]2024 Jul 1:588:112225. PMID: 38570133 -
Cardiovasc Toxicol
Liraglutide Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through the Inhibition of Necroptosis by Activating GLP-1R/PI3K/Akt Pathway. [Abstract]2023 Apr;23(3-4):161-175. PMID: 36934206 -
Neurosci Res
Exendin-4 increases the firing activity of hippocampal CA1 neurons through TRPC4/5 channels. [Abstract]2024 Feb:199:48-56. PMID: 37595875 -
Gerontology
Activation of the Vascular Smooth Muscle GLP-1/NCX1 Pathway Regulates Cytoplasmic Ca2+ Homeostasis and Improves Blood Pressure Variability in Hypertension. [Abstract]2023;69(5):603-614. PMID: 36882028 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Liraglutide regulates lipid metabolism via FGF21- LKB1- AMPK- ACC1 pathway in white adipose tissues and macrophage of type 2 diabetic mice. [Abstract]2021 Apr 9:548:120-126. PMID: 33640604 -
Microcirculation
GLP-1 Receptors Are Enriched in the Lymphatic Endothelium and Their Pharmacological Activation With Semaglutide Improves the Pumping Capacity of Lymphatic Vessels. [Abstract]2026 Jul;33(5):e70070. PMID: 42231627 -
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim
Liraglutide ameliorates high glucose-induced vascular endothelial injury through TRIB3/NF-κB signaling pathway. [Abstract]2024 Oct;60(9):1046-1057. PMID: 39039329 -
Diabetol Int
2025 Jun 5;16(3):568-579. PMID: 40607156 -
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bioRxiv
Fatty Acid Transport Protein-2 (FATP2) Inhibition Enhances Glucose Tolerance through α-Cell-mediated GLP-1 Secretion. [Abstract]2025 Feb 6:2025.01.31.635976. PMID: 39975070 -
Biomed Pharmacother
2024 Sep:178:117202. PMID: 39053424
Exendin(9-39) amide acetate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 Sep:178:117202. [Abstract]
Idebenone augmented insulin secre tion at 11.1 mM glucose (p<0.001), and the insulinotropic action of idebenone was markedly reversed by Exendin (9− 39).
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bioRxiv
Incretin hormones and pharmacomimetics rapidly inhibit AgRP neuron activity to suppress appetite. [Abstract]2024 Mar 20:2024.03.18.585583. PMID: 38562891 -
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Dis Markers
Liraglutide Alleviates Diabetic Atherosclerosis through Regulating Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. [Abstract]2022 Apr 25;2022:5013622. PMID: 35510038 -
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Solvent & Solubility
H2O : 50 mg/mL (Need ultrasonic)
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (283 KB)
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SDS (252 KB)
- English - EN (252 KB)
- Français - FR (252 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (252 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (252 KB)
- Español - ES (252 KB)
- Swedish - SV (252 KB)
- Italian - IT (252 KB)
- Korean - KR (252 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (252 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)