IL-10 Protein, Canine

IL-10 is the most important cytokine that inhibits pro-inflammatory responses and limits excessive immune reactions in various autoimmune diseases. IL-10 plays a crucial role in delivering messages, activating and regulating immune cells, mediating T and B cell activation, proliferation and differentiation, and in inflammatory responses. IL-10 can suppress the production of cytokines by TH1 cells and antigen-presenting cells (macrophages and dendritic cells). Additionally, IL-10 not only directly inhibits pro-inflammatory TH17 cells, but also has a direct effect on CD4⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and promotes their suppressive function. When IL-10 binds to its receptor complex, JAK1 (located on the IL-10Rα chain) and Tyk2 (located on the IL-10Rβ chain) are activated. This further leads to the phosphorylation of STAT3 and the expression of downstream genes such as SOCS-1 and SOCS-3. IL-10 can downregulate the expression of major histocompatibility complex II on monocytes, reducing their antigen-presenting function. It can also downregulate T lymphocyte activity, inhibit the activation, migration, and adhesion of inflammatory cells. At the same time, IL-10 can suppress the synthesis and release of inflammatory cytokines. IL-10 can promote the proliferation and activation of CD8T⁺ cells, enhancing their anti-tumor capacity^[1].