PNPLA2 Protein, Human (His-SUMO)

PNPLA2 protein is a key player in lipid metabolism and is a catalyst in the first step of triglyceride hydrolysis within lipid droplets in adipocytes and non-adipocytes. PNPLA2 exhibits a clear preference for the hydrolysis of long-chain fatty acid esters at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone, operating cooperatively with LIPE/HLS and DGAT2 in the lipolytic cascade. In addition to its primary function, PNPLA2 exhibits additional activities, including acylglycerol transacylase and phospholipase A2 functions, demonstrating its versatility in lipid-related processes. Additionally, it plays a role in regulating fat body size and is involved in fat body degradation. Furthermore, PNPLA2 contributes to energy homeostasis and may enhance triglyceride hydrolysis in response to starvation to provide free fatty acids for oxidation under energy-depleting conditions. In addition, PNPLA2 catalyzes the formation of ester bonds to generate fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) in adipocytes (FAHFAs are a class of endogenous lipids that can treat type 2 diabetes), thereby expanding its role in lipid homeostasis. multi-faceted participation.