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Synaptic function

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

27

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1

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3

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6

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3

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1

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Targets Recommended:
Cat. No. Product Name Target Research Areas Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0815
    Chlorpyrifos
    2 Publications Verification

    		 Environmental Pollutants Cholinesterase (ChE) Neurological Disease
    Chlorpyrifos is a neurotoxic insecticide that belongs to the class of thionite esters. Chlorpyrifos is also a AChE inhibitor that affects neurological function in insects, humans and other animals. Chlorpyrifos interferes with cell replication and differentiation, ultimately altering synaptic transmission in neurons .
    Chlorpyrifos
  • HY-P3247
    [D-Ala2]-GIP (human)

    		Insulin Receptor Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
    [D-Ala2]-GIP (human) is a GIP receptor agonist (EC50 = 630 pM). [D-Ala2]-GIP (human) improves glucose tolerance. [D-Ala2]-GIP (human) shows neuroprotective activity in MPTP (HY-W114750)-induced Parkinson's disease model. [D-Ala2]-GIP (human) also improves cognitive function and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in obese diabetic rats. [D-Ala2]-GIP (human) can be used for research of type 2 diabetes, Parkinson's disease, etc
    [D-Ala2]-GIP (human)
  • HY-B0762
    Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride
    2 Publications Verification

    O-Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride; ALCAR hydrochloride

    		 Caspase Apoptosis Neurological Disease
    Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) hydrochloride is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression .
    Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride
  • HY-113218
    Acetyl-L-carnitine
    2 Publications Verification

    O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR

    		 Caspase Apoptosis Neurological Disease
    Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression .
    Acetyl-L-carnitine
  • HY-113283
    Homogentisic acid

    		Amyloid-β Natriuretic Peptide Receptor (NPR) α-synuclein Transthyretin (TTR) Claudin Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
    Homogentisic acid is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable amyloidogenic compound that functions as both an amyloid component and a pigment precursor. Accumulation of homogentisic acid downregulates tight junction proteins (such as claudin-5, occludin, ZO-1) and impairs blood-brain barrier integrity. Homogentisic acid and its oxidation product benzoquinone acetic acid not only induce the aggregation and fibrosis of multiple proteins (such as Aβ1-42, α-synuclein, SAA, Transthyretin (TTR), atrial natriuretic peptide), but also trigger oxidative stress, damage to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and neurotoxicity, leading to ochronosis pigment deposition and synaptic dysfunction. At specific concentrations, homogentisic acid exerts no cytotoxicity or genotoxicity on human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and even counteracts the genotoxicity induced by Irinotecan (HY-16562). Homogentisic acid serves as an important tool molecule for investigating the mechanisms of diseases including ochronosis, secondary amyloidosis, Alzheimer's disease, and colorectal cancer .
    Homogentisic acid
  • HY-116673
    TTK21

    		Histone Acetyltransferase Neurological Disease
    TTK21 is an activator of the histone acetyltransferases CBP/p300. TTK21 passes the blood–brain barrier, induces no toxicity, and reaches different parts of the brain when conjugated to glucose-based carbon nanosphere (CSP). TTK21 has beneficial implications for the brain functions of neurogenesis and long-term memory .CSP-TTK21 can ameliorate Aβ-impaired long-term potentiation (LTP). CSP-TTK21 may enhance the transcription of genes that promote synaptic health and cognitive function . CSP-TTK21 is orally effective and leads to improvements in motor functions, histone acetylation dynamics in a spinal injury rat model .
    TTK21
  • HY-113355
    NADH

    		Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
    NADH is an orally active dehydrogenase coenzyme that acts as a crucial electron carrier in cellular respiration and participates in ATP production. NADH promotes metabolism, supports brain function, and counteracts oxidative stress by transferring electrons to the electron transport chain. As a signaling molecule, NADH regulates multiple biological processes, including anti-apoptosis, synaptic plasticity, gene expression, and calcium homeostasis. Redox imbalance of NADH/NAD⁺ is one of the key pathological mechanisms of various diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.
    NADH
  • HY-134356
    AICA-riboside, 5′-phosphate

    AICAR-5'-MP

    		 Endogenous Metabolite Others
    AICA-riboside, 5′-phosphate is AICA riboside with a phosphate group. The functions of AICA riboside include: 1) conversion into AMP mimetic to selectively activate AMPK; 2) competition with adenosine for the uptake of nucleoside transporters, reversible blocking of adenosine reuptake, increasing extracellular adenosine concentration, and indirectly activating adenosine A1 receptors. AICA riboside is involved in metabolic regulation (promoting catabolism and inhibiting anabolism) and adenosine-dependent neuroprotection (inhibiting excitatory synaptic transmission). AICA riboside can be used in the study of metabolic diseases (such as diabetes and obesity) and neurological diseases (such as ischemia and epilepsy), and has central nervous system protective activity .
    AICA-riboside, 5′-phosphate
  • HY-B0762S
    Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3 hydrochloride

    O-Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3 hydrochloride

    		 Isotope-Labeled Compounds Caspase Apoptosis Neurological Disease
    Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3 (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (HY-B0762). Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) hydrochloride is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression .
    Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3 hydrochloride
  • HY-138669
    C004019

    		PROTACs Tau Protein Neurological Disease
    C004019 is a BBB-penetrable and small-molecule PROTAC that targets tau. C004019 can simultaneously recruit tau and E3 ligase, and effectively clear tau proteins by promoting the ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation of tau, thereby improving synaptic and cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. C004019 can be used in the research of AD and tau protein-related diseases. (Pink: Ligand for target protein (HY-138679); Black: linker (HY-140189); Blue: E3 Ligase Ligand (HY-138678))
    C004019
  • HY-W002199
    6:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol

    6:2 FTOH; 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluoro-1-octanol; 2-(Perfluorohexyl)ethanol

    		 Bacterial Apoptosis ERK TNF Receptor Infection Neurological Disease
    6:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol (6:2 FTOH) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable modulator of cyclin D1 and ETS1. 6:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol downregulates cyclin D1 expression, upregulates ETS1 via the TNF-α/ERK 1/2 pathway, impairs mitochondrial membrane potential and respiratory function, increases reactive oxygen species levels, disrupts calcium homeostasis and activates endoplasmic reticulum stress markers, and induces cell proliferation inhibition and endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, 6:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol induces morphological abnormalities in zebrafish embryos and liver developmental damage, while disrupting the brain immune microenvironment in mice, causing systemic toxicity and delayed pup maturation in CD-1 mice. 6:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol also induces cortical neuron apoptosis, glial cell activation, synaptic abnormalities, colonic barrier damage, intestinal dysbiosis and autism spectrum disorder-like symptoms in mice. 6:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol shows no mutagenic, clastogenic, primary skin/eye irritation or skin sensitizing effects, exhibits no selective reproductive toxicity in CD-1 mice, and is classified as GHS Category 4 for acute oral toxicity. 6:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol can be used in studies of neurodevelopmental disorders and autism spectrum disorders .
    6:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol
  • HY-130553
    β-Spaglumic acid
    1 Publications Verification

    β-NAAG; β-N-Acetylaspartylglutamic acid

    		 Aminopeptidase mGluR Neurological Disease
    β-Spaglumic acid (β-NAAG) is a competitive NAAG peptidase inhibitor (Ki=1 µM) that protects spinal cord neurons from excitotoxicity and hypoxic damage. β-Spaglumic acid is also a selective mGluR3 antagonist (mGluR3 receptor functions to regulate activity-dependent synaptic potentiation in the hippocampus). β-Spaglumic acid can be used in neuroprotection-related studies .
    β-Spaglumic acid
  • HY-145155
    Calpain-2-IN-1
    2 Publications Verification

    		 Proteasome Neurological Disease
    Calpain-2-IN-1 (Formula 1A) is a isoform-specific calpain-2 inhibitor with Kis of 181 nM and 7.8 nM for calpain-1, and calpain-2, respectively. Calpain-2-IN-1 can be used for the research of neurodegenerative diseases and other diseases of synaptic function .
    Calpain-2-IN-1
  • HY-E70074
    Monoamine oxidase, plasma

    		Monoamine Oxidase Neurological Disease
    Monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4) is an enzyme composed of different polypeptides. Monoamine oxidation catalyzes the oxidative deamination of various biological amines in brain and peripheral tissues by producing hydrogen peroxide. Monoamine oxidase plays an important role in maintaining the regulation of synaptic transmission, emotional behavior and other brain functions .
    Monoamine oxidase, plasma
  • HY-B0815R
    Chlorpyrifos (Standard)

    		Reference Standards Cholinesterase (ChE) Neurological Disease
    Chlorpyrifos (Standard) is the analytical standard of Chlorpyrifos. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Chlorpyrifos is a neurotoxic insecticide that belongs to the class of thionite esters. Chlorpyrifos is also a AChE inhibitor that affects neurological function in insects, humans and other animals. Chlorpyrifos interferes with cell replication and differentiation, ultimately altering synaptic transmission in neurons .
    Chlorpyrifos (Standard)
  • HY-B0762S1
    Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3-1 hydrochloride

    O-Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3-1 hydrochloride

    		 Isotope-Labeled Compounds Caspase Apoptosis Neurological Disease
    Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3-1 (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3-1) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (HY-B0762). Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) hydrochloride is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression .
    Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3-1 hydrochloride
  • HY-118646
    NS-6740

    		nAChR TNF Receptor Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    NS-6740 is a partial agonist of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) with an IC50 of 3 nM. NS-6740 also acts as a potent modulator of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. NS-6740 alters the signaling pattern of α7 in an ion channel-independent manner, thereby reducing synaptic function. NS-6740 induces the desensitized state of α7 nAChR. NS-6740 generates robust nAChR-mediated currents. NS-6740 reduces LPS (HY-D1056)-induced TNF-α release from microglia. NS-6740 can be used in the research of neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain .
    NS-6740
  • HY-156104
    CaMKIIα-PHOTAC

    		PROTACs CaMK Neurological Disease
    CaMKIIα-PHOTAC is a photochemically targeted chimera (PHOTAC) targeting Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II α (CaMKIIα). Molecules such as PHOTAC can catalyze the ubiquitination and degradation of target proteins through the endogenous proteasome under specific wavelengths of light. CaMKIIα-PHOTAC reduces synaptic function under light conditions, and it attenuates the intensity of evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potentials in the mouse hippocampus in response to physiological stimuli. CaMKIIα-PHOTAC plays a critical role in maintaining long-term potentiation and memory capacity in subcellular dendritic domains .
    CaMKIIα-PHOTAC
  • HY-176712
    GSNOR-IN-1

    		GSNOR Apoptosis Neurological Disease
    GSNOR-IN-1, a prodrug of GSNOR-IN-2 (HY-176275), is a BBB-penetrable S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) inhibitor. GSNOR-IN-1 has significant protective activity against OGD/R-induced injury. GSNOR-IN-1 regulates calcium signaling and synaptic function via Clstn1 S-nitrosation and inhibits neuronal apoptosis. GSNOR-IN-1 significantly reduces infarct volume while improving neurological deficits in ischemic stroke rat models. GSNOR-IN-1 has neuroprotective activity, promising for ischemic stroke research .
    GSNOR-IN-1
  • HY-P1054
    pep2-EVKI

    YNVYGIEEVKI

    		 PKC Neurological Disease
    pep2-EVKI (YNVYGIEEVKI) is an inhibitor peptide that selectively blocks PICK1 interactions, caused the opposite effects on synaptic AMPAR function to PICK1 expression .
    pep2-EVKI
  • HY-114555
    TASP0315003

    		GlyT Neurological Disease
    TASP0315003 is a glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) inhibitor. TASP0315003 potentiates NMDA receptor function by increasing synaptic glycine levels. TASP0315003 can improve cognitive dysfunction and the negative symptoms of schizophrenia without having undesirable central nervous system side effects. TASP0315003 can be used for the research of neurological disease .
    TASP0315003
  • HY-168966
    JNJ-54082730

    		Phosphodiesterase (PDE) iGluR Neurological Disease
    JNJ-54082730 (Compound 1) is the orally active inhibitor for phosphodiesterase (PDE) that inhibits PDE2A, PDE3B, and PDE10A2 with IC50s of 0.95 nM, 6.17 μM (pIC50=5.21) and 87.1 nM (pIC50=7.06), respectively. JNJ-54082730 modulates the activity of AMPA receptor, enhance the synaptic plasticity and promotes the learning and memory function in rats models. JNJ-54082730 can cross blood-brain barrier .
    JNJ-54082730
  • HY-B0762R
    Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (Standard)
    2 Publications Verification

    O-Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (Standard); ALCAR hydrochloride (Standard)

    		 Endogenous Metabolite Caspase Reference Standards Apoptosis Neurological Disease
    Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) hydrochloride is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression .
    Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-W765177
    Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride-13C3

    O-Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride-13C3; ALCAR hydrochloride-13C3

    		 Isotope-Labeled Compounds Apoptosis Caspase Neurological Disease
    Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride- 13C3 (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride- 13C3) is the 13C-labeled Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (HY-B0762). Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) hydrochloride is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression .
    Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride-13C3
  • HY-183101
    AMPAR modulator-12

    		iGluR NADPH Oxidase Neurological Disease
    AMPAR modulator-12 is a blood-brain barrier-permeable AMPAR positive allosteric modulator. AMPAR modulator-12 reduces NOX-1 expression, enhances AMPAR-mediated currents, promotes excitatory postsynaptic transmission and restores AMPAR function. AMPAR modulator-12 enhances excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission, reduces burst firing in the lateral habenula after withdrawal, and produces rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects. AMPAR modulator-12 is applicable for the research of depression .
    AMPAR modulator-12
  • HY-118646A
    NS-6740 hydrochloride

    		nAChR TNF Receptor Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    NS-6740 hydrochloride is a partial agonist of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) with an IC50 of 3 nM. NS-6740 hydrochloride also acts as a potent modulator of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. NS-6740 hydrochloride alters the signaling pattern of α7 in an ion channel-independent manner, thereby reducing synaptic function. NS-6740 hydrochloride induces the desensitized state of α7 nAChR. NS-6740 hydrochloride generates robust nAChR-mediated currents. NS-6740 hydrochloride reduces LPS (HY-D1056)-induced TNF-α release from microglia. NS-6740 hydrochloride can be used in the research of neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain .
    NS-6740 hydrochloride
  • HY-181672
    PI3K/AKT/ERK/CREB activator 1

    		PI3K Akt ERK Epigenetic Reader Domain Neurological Disease
    PI3K/AKT/ERK/CREB activator 1 is an orally active PI3K/AKT/ERK/CREB pathway activator. PI3K/AKT/ERK/CREB activator 1 maintains neuronal survival and function, promotes neuronal proliferation, restores the viability of damaged neurons, and facilitates synapse formation. PI3K/AKT/ERK/CREB activator 1 alleviates neuroinflammation by reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, preserves synaptic ultrastructure and restores spatial memory in Alzheimer's disease models. PI3K/AKT/ERK/CREB activator 1 can be used in research related to Alzheimer's disease .
    PI3K/AKT/ERK/CREB activator 1

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