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respiratory chain complexes

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39

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1

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5

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2

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Cat. No. Nombre del producto Target Áreas de investigación Chemical Structure
  • HY-W008719
    MPP+ iodide
    30+ Cited Publications

    		 Mitochondrial Metabolism Neurological Disease
    MPP+ iodide, a toxic metabolite of the neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ iodide is taken up by the dopamine transporter into dopaminergic neurons where it exerts its neurotoxic action on mitochondria by affecting complex I of the respiratory chain. MPP+ iodide is also a high affinity substrate for the serotonin transporter (SERT) .
    MPP+ iodide
  • HY-N6782
    Oligomycin
    100+ Cited Publications

    		 Oxidative Phosphorylation ATP Synthase Fungal Antibiotic Infection Cancer
    Oligomycin, an antifungal antibiotic, is an inhibitor of H +-ATP-synthase. Oligomycin blocks oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain. Oligomycin inhibits HIF-1alpha expression in hypoxic tumor cells .
    Oligomycin
  • HY-16397A
    Phenformin hydrochloride
    5+ Cited Publications

    Phenethylbiguanide hydrochloride

    		 Apoptosis mTOR Autophagy Mitochondrial Metabolism AMPK Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
    Phenformin (Phenethylbiguanide) hydrochloride is an orally active biguanide hypoglycemic agent. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, leading to an increased AMP/ATP ratio, activation of AMPK, and subsequent inhibition of the mTOR pathway, thereby suppressing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits cancer stem cells (CSCs) and possesses potent antitumor potential .
    Phenformin hydrochloride
  • HY-101180
    C2 Ceramide
    2 Publications Verification

    Ceramide 2

    		 Phosphatase Mitochondrial Metabolism Apoptosis Autophagy Metabolic Disease Endocrinology
    C2 Ceramide (Ceramide 2) is the main lipid of the stratum corneum and a protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activator. C2 Ceramide activates PP2A and ceramide-activated protein phosphatase (CAPP). C2 Ceramide induces cells differentiation, autophagy and apoptosis, inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III. C2 Ceramide is also a skin conditioning agent that protects the epidermal barrier from water loss .
    C2 Ceramide
  • HY-16397
    Phenformin
    5+ Cited Publications

    Phenethylbiguanide

    		 Mitochondrial Metabolism AMPK Apoptosis Autophagy mTOR Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
    Phenformin (Phenethylbiguanide) is an orally active biguanide hypoglycemic agent. Phenformin inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, leading to an increased AMP/ATP ratio, activation of AMPK, and subsequent inhibition of the mTOR pathway, thereby suppressing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Phenformin inhibits cancer stem cells (CSCs) and possesses potent antitumor potential .
    Phenformin
  • HY-113285
    Ureidopropionic acid

    3-Ureidopropionic acid

    		 Oxidative Phosphorylation Metabolic Disease
    Ureidopropionic acid is a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex V inhibitor that selectively inhibits the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex V, with no effect on respiratory chain complexes I-IV or mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation. Ureidopropionic acid induces the production of reactive oxygen species, delayed elevation of intracellular calcium concentration, secondary energy-dependent excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration in neurons. Ureidopropionic acid promotes neuropathological changes by impairing mitochondrial energy metabolism, oxidative stress and excitotoxicity pathways. Ureidopropionic acid can be used in studies related to 3-ureidopropionase deficiency and severe propionic aciduria .
    Ureidopropionic acid
  • HY-113355
    NADH

    		Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
    NADH is an orally active dehydrogenase coenzyme that acts as a crucial electron carrier in cellular respiration and participates in ATP production. NADH promotes metabolism, supports brain function, and counteracts oxidative stress by transferring electrons to the electron transport chain. As a signaling molecule, NADH regulates multiple biological processes, including anti-apoptosis, synaptic plasticity, gene expression, and calcium homeostasis. Redox imbalance of NADH/NAD⁺ is one of the key pathological mechanisms of various diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.
    NADH
  • HY-135549
    Fluxapyroxad
    1 Publications Verification

    		 Environmental Pollutants Antibiotic Cytochrome P450 Fungal Succinate Dehydrogenase Infection Inflammation/Immunology
    Fluxapyroxad is a synthetic broad-spectrum fungicide for the control of fungal diseases. Fluxapyroxad inhibits succinate dehydrogenase in complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, resulting in inhibition of spore germination, germ tubes and mycelia growth within the fungus target species .
    Fluxapyroxad
  • HY-126222A
    MitoTam iodide, hydriodide

    		Apoptosis Mitochondrial Metabolism Cancer
    MitoTam iodide, hydriodide is a Tamoxifen derivative , an electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor, spreduces mitochondrial membrane potential in senescent cells and affects mitochondrial morphology . MitoTam iodide, hydriodide is an effective anticancer agent, suppresses respiratory complexes (CI-respiration) and disrupts respiratory supercomplexes (SCs) formation in breast cancer cells . MitoTam iodide, hydriodide causes apoptosis .
    MitoTam iodide, hydriodide
  • HY-129115
    S1QEL1.1

    		Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Caspase Others
    S1QEL1.1 is a small molecule inhibitor that specifically inhibits the generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide at the IQ site during reverse electron transfer in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (Complex I), with an IC50 of 0.07 μM. S1QEL1.1 can significantly reduce the activation of cysteine-aspartic protease (caspase) triggered by endoplasmic reticulum stress. S1QEL1.1 helps to decrease excessive proliferation of stem cells by inhibiting the Reactive Oxygen Species signaling pathway initiated by endoplasmic reticulum stress .
    S1QEL1.1
  • HY-17520
    Penthiopyrad
    1 Publications Verification

    MTF-753

    		 Environmental Pollutants Fungal Infection
    Penthiopyrad (MTF-753) is a carboxamide Fungicide. Penthiopyrad inhibits SDH. Penthiopyrad exhibits broad-spectrum antifungal activity, being effective not only against Basidiomycetes, but also against Ascomycetes and Deuteromycetes. Penthiopyrad inhibits the mycelial growth of Alternaria mali, Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia mali, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on PDA medium, with EC50 values ranging from <0.4 ppm to 0.34 ppm and MIC values ranging from 6.6 ppm to 47.9 ppm .
    Penthiopyrad
  • HY-Y1366
    Hydroxyacetone

    		Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Arp2/3 Complex Apoptosis Inflammation/Immunology
    Hydroxyacetone is a toxic compound. Hydroxyacetone can be isolated from e-cigarette aerosols. Hydroxyacetone reduces the activity of cellular Mitochondrial reductase (with an IC50 of 5.53 mg/mL for mitochondrial reductase in BEAS-2B cells) and increases ROS levels. Hydroxyacetone induces mitochondrial stress and oxidative damage. Hydroxyacetone induces destabilization of F-actin. At high concentrations, Hydroxyacetone promotes cell rounding and Apoptotic body formation. Hydroxyacetone exerts toxic effects on cells including airway epithelial cells and possesses respiratory toxicity potential .\n
    Hydroxyacetone
  • HY-W014684
    Lilial

    		Environmental Pollutants Keap1-Nrf2 Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Endocrinology
    Lilial is a widely used synthetic fragrance and ester in consumer products. Lilial possesses estrogenic activity in vitro. Lilial can induce a toxic effect on mitochondria that causes a decrease in the viability of HaCaT cells. Lilial can increase NRF2 protein level in vitro. Lilial is able to target respiratory chain complexes, inhibit complexes I and II of the electron transport chain, increase the generation of reactive oxygen species, and decrease the level of intracellular ATP. Lilial can induce systemic toxicity in vivo. Lilial induces significant DNA strand breaks .
    Lilial
  • HY-146145
    Metyltetraprole

    		Fungal Mitochondrial Metabolism Infection
    Metyltetraprole is a promising fungicide with EC50 values of both 0.002 ppm against sensitive wild-type and G143A mutant of Zymoseptoria tritici. Metyltetraprole is effective against QoI (quinone outside inhibitor) resistant strains. Metyltetraprole inhibits the respiratory chain via complex III .
    Metyltetraprole
  • HY-125857B
    Cytochrome C (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

    		Biochemical Assay Reagents Apoptosis Caspase Metabolic Disease
    Cytochrome C (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is a type C cytochrome located in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria. As an electron carrier, Cytochrome C (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) transfers electrons between complex III (cytochrome c reductase) and complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase, CIV) of the respiratory chain. Cytochrome C (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) can play a crucial role in triggering apoptosis by being released from the mitochondria into the cytosol .
    Cytochrome C (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
  • HY-N9279
    Dehydromonocrotaline

    Monocrotaline pyrrole; MCTP; 3,8-Didehydromonocrotaline

    		 Endogenous Metabolite Cardiovascular Disease Cancer
    Dehydromonocrotaline is a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I NADH oxidase inhibitor, with a IC50 of 62.06 μM and a Ki of 8.1 μM in rats. Dehydromonocrotaline exerts non-competitive inhibitory effects by modifying cysteine thiol groups on complex I, and does not bind to the NADH-binding site. Dehydromonocrotaline dissipates mitochondrial membrane potential and reduces ATP levels. Dehydromonocrotaline can be used in studies related to hepatotoxicity, pulmonary hypertension and liver tumors .
    Dehydromonocrotaline
  • HY-W049881
    9-Methyl-β-carboline

    		Dopamine Receptor PI3K Monoamine Oxidase Neurological Disease
    9-Methyl-β-carboline is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor and dopaminergic modulator, with an IC50 of 1 μM against human MAO-A and an IC50 of 15.5 μM against human MAO-B. 9-Methyl-β-carboline possesses cognitive enhancement potential and can cross the blood-brain barrier. 9-Methyl-β-carboline increases dopamine levels by inhibiting monoamine oxidase activity and microglial proliferation. 9-Methyl-β-carboline activates PKA/PKC and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, promotes neurotrophic factor expression and reduces α-synuclein (α-synuclein) levels, thereby reversing neurotoxin-induced dopaminergic neuron damage. 9-Methyl-β-carboline also regulates the PI3K pathway and exerts an anti-proliferative effect on astrocytes. 9-Methyl-β-carboline is widely used in Parkinson's disease-related studies .
    9-Methyl-β-carboline
  • HY-126222
    MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide

    		Apoptosis Mitochondrial Metabolism Cancer
    MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide, a Tamoxifen derivative , is an electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor. MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide reduces mitochondrial membrane potential in senescent cells and affects mitochondrial morphology . MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide is an effective anticancer agent, suppresses respiratory complexes (CI-respiration) and disrupts respiratory supercomplexes (SCs) formation in breast cancer cells .
    MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide
  • HY-117897
    CK-2-68
    1 Publications Verification

    		 Parasite Infection
    CK-2-68 is an inhibitor for complex III in protozoan mitochondrial respiratory chain, by targeting the alternative NADH dehydrogenase (NDH2) of the malarial parasite Plasmodium. CK-2-68 exhibits antimalaria efficacy, that inhibits Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes with an IC50 of 40 nM .
    CK-2-68
  • HY-162650
    SL44

    		ClpP Cancer
    SL44 is an agonist for human caseinolytic protease P (HsClpP), with an EC50 of 1.30 μM. SL44 inhibits the proliferation of LM3 with an IC50 of 3.1 μM. SL44 induces apoptosis in HCC cells, through the degradation of respiratory chain complex subunits. SL44 exhibits antitumor efficacy in mouse models without obvious toxicity (LD50=400 mg/kg). SL44 exhibits good pharmacokinetic characters in rat models .
    SL44
  • HY-155556
    ZG36

    		ClpP Cancer
    ZG36 is a human Caseinolytic protease P (ClpP) agonist. ZG36 non-selectively degrades respiratory chain complexes and reduces mitochondrial DNA, ultimately leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and leukemic cell death. ZG36 also inhibits the development of acute myeloid leukemia in a xenograft mouse model .
    ZG36
  • HY-112847B
    (E/Z)-Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium

    (E/Z)-Sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate sodium

    		 Transmembrane Glycoprotein Mitochondrial Metabolism Drug Isomer Inflammation/Immunology
    (E/Z)-Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium is the racemate of (E)-Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium and (Z)-Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium. Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium (Sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate sodium) is a long-chain fatty acid that inhibits fatty acid transport into cells. Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium is a potent and irreversible inhibitor of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium binds to the CD36 receptor on the surface of microglial cells. Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium exhibits anti-inflammatory effects .
    (E/Z)-Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium
  • HY-132178B
    Cytochrome C oxidase

    		Biochemical Assay Reagents Metabolic Disease
    Cytochrome C oxidase (complex IV) (EC 7.1.1.9) is the unique terminal oxidase of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) in mammals. Cytochrome C oxidase is made up of thirteen subunits that catalyze the transfer of electrons from ferro-cytochrome c to molecular oxygen .
    Cytochrome C oxidase
  • HY-W008719S
    MPP+-d3iodide

    		Mitochondrial Metabolism Neurological Disease
    MPP+-d3 (iodide) is deuterium labeled MPP+ (iodide). MPP+ iodide, a toxic metabolite of the neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ iodide is taken up by the dopamine transporter into dopaminergic neurons where it exerts its neurotoxic action on mitochondria by affecting complex I of the respiratory chain. MPP+ iodide is also a high affinity substrate for the serotonin transporter (SERT) .
    MPP+-d3iodide
  • HY-139205
    BMT-297376

    		Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Mitochondrial Metabolism Inflammation/Immunology
    BMT-297376 is an optimized derivative of Linrodostat (HY-101560). BMT-297376 inhibits IDO1 and the ubiquinone (Q) site of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. BMT-297376 is suitable for tumor immunology-related research .
    BMT-297376
  • HY-W014684R
    Lilial (Standard)

    		Reference Standards Keap1-Nrf2 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Mitochondrial Metabolism Endocrinology
    Lilial (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lilial. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lilial is a widely used synthetic fragrance and ester in consumer products. Lilial possesses estrogenic activity in vitro. Lilial can induce a toxic effect on mitochondria that causes a decrease in the viability of HaCaT cells. Lilial can increase NRF2 protein level in vitro. Lilial is able to target respiratory chain complexes, inhibit complexes I and II of the electron transport chain, increase the generation of reactive oxygen species, and decrease the level of intracellular ATP. Lilial can induce systemic toxicity in vivo. Lilial induces significant DNA strand breaks .
    Lilial (Standard)
  • HY-W715444
    Mucidin

    		Antibiotic Fungal Mitochondrial Metabolism Infection
    Mucidin is an antifungal antibiotic that inhibits electron-transfer reactions in the cytochrome bc1 complex of the mitochondrial respiratory chain .
    Mucidin
  • HY-126222B
    (E/Z)-MitoTam iodide, hydriodide

    MitoTax iodide, hydriodide

    		 Mitochondrial Metabolism Apoptosis Cancer
    (E/Z)-MitoTam (iodide, hydriodide) (MitoTam (iodide, hydriodide)) is the E/Z mixture of MitoTam iodide, hydriodide. MitoTam iodide, hydriodide is a Tamoxifen derivative , an electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor, spreduces mitochondrial membrane potential in senescent cells and affects mitochondrial morphology . MitoTam iodide, hydriodide is an effective anticancer agent, suppresses respiratory complexes (CI-respiration) and disrupts respiratory supercomplexes (SCs) formation in breast cancer cells . MitoTam iodide, hydriodide causes apoptosis .
    (E/Z)-MitoTam iodide, hydriodide
  • HY-135549R
    Fluxapyroxad (Standard)

    		Reference Standards Antibiotic Fungal Succinate Dehydrogenase Cytochrome P450 Infection Inflammation/Immunology
    Fluxapyroxad (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fluxapyroxad. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fluxapyroxad is a synthetic broad-spectrum fungicide for the control of fungal diseases. It works by inhibiting succinate dehydrogenase in complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, resulting in inhibition of spore germination, germ tubes and mycelia growth within the fungus target species .
    Fluxapyroxad (Standard)
  • HY-16397AS
    Phenformin-d5 hydrochloride

    Phenethylbiguanide-d5 hydrochloride

    		 Isotope-Labeled Compounds Apoptosis mTOR Autophagy Mitochondrial Metabolism AMPK Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
    Phenformin-d5 (Phenethylbiguanide-d5) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Phenformin hydrochloride. Phenformin hydrochloride is an orally active biguanide hypoglycemic agent. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, leading to an increased AMP/ATP ratio, activation of AMPK, and subsequent inhibition of the mTOR pathway, thereby suppressing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits cancer stem cells (CSCs) and possesses potent antitumor potential.
    Phenformin-d5 hydrochloride
  • HY-16397R
    Phenformin (Standard)

    Phenethylbiguanide (Standard)

    		 Reference Standards Apoptosis mTOR Autophagy Mitochondrial Metabolism AMPK Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
    Phenformin (Phenethylbiguanide) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Phenformin (HY-16397). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Phenformin (Phenethylbiguanide) is an orally active biguanide hypoglycemic agent. Phenformin inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, leading to an increased AMP/ATP ratio, activation of AMPK, and subsequent inhibition of the mTOR pathway, thereby suppressing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Phenformin inhibits cancer stem cells (CSCs) and possesses potent antitumor potential.
    Phenformin (Standard)
  • HY-16397AR
    Phenformin hydrochloride (Standard)

    Phenethylbiguanide hydrochloride (Standard)

    		 Reference Standards Apoptosis mTOR Autophagy Mitochondrial Metabolism AMPK Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
    Phenformin (Phenethylbiguanide) hydrochloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Phenformin hydrochloride (HY-16397). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Phenformin hydrochloride (Phenethylbiguanide) is an orally active biguanide hypoglycemic agent. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, leading to an increased AMP/ATP ratio, activation of AMPK, and subsequent inhibition of the mTOR pathway, thereby suppressing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits cancer stem cells (CSCs) and possesses potent antitumor potential.
    Phenformin hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-17516R
    Tolfenpyrad (Standard)

    		Reference Standards Insecticide Bacterial Mitochondrial Metabolism Infection
    Tolfenpyrad (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tolfenpyrad (HY-17516). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tolfenpyrad is an orally active insecticide, acaricide and antibacterial agent. Tolfenpyrad inhibits Complex I in the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain, interfering with the cell respiration process. Tolfenpyrad has significant insecticidal activity against a variety of insect pests such as H. contortus, Coccinella septempunctata. Tolfenpyrad has antibacterial activity against Francisella novicida, with an IC50 of 1.2 µM or 1.5 µM .
    Tolfenpyrad (Standard)
  • HY-138439
    Mandestrobin

    		Mitochondrial Metabolism Infection
    Mandestrobin is a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III inhibitor with bactericidal activity. The enantiomers of Mandestrobin exhibit differential bactericidal activity, with the R-enantiomer showing higher activity than the S-enantiomer .
    Mandestrobin
  • HY-183705
    Antimicrobial agent-50

    		Fungal Mitochondrial Metabolism ATP Synthase Infection
    Antimicrobial agent-50 (Compound C2) is an anti-oomycete and Fungicidal agent. Antimicrobial agent-50 inhibits the activity of Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III with an IC50 of 6.05 mg/L. Antimicrobial agent-50 inhibits ATP synthesis. Antimicrobial agent-50 exhibits protective activity against Phytophthora capsici in vivo. Antimicrobial agent-50 potently inhibits mycelial growth of Gaeumannomyces graminis, Rhizoctonia solani and Phytophthora capsici, with EC50 values of 2.97 mg/L, 1.86 mg/L and 0.74 mg/L, respectively .
    Antimicrobial agent-50
  • HY-131453
    Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1

    		Mitochondrial Metabolism Cardiovascular Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1 is a mitochondrial respiratory inhibitor. Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1 reduces platelet aggregation, adhesion, and platelet-induced coagulation responses. Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1 induces adaptive glycolysis, decreases mitochondrial membrane potential, selectively reduces ATP production derived from oxidative phosphorylation, and exerts bidirectional regulatory effects on cell proliferation. Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1 activates UPRmt and upregulates the expression of SDHA-1 and MT-CO1. Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1 restores metabolic homeostasis in type 2 diabetic mice. Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1 can be used to investigate diseases mediated by inappropriate platelet activation/aggregation and type 2 diabetes .
    Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1
  • HY-12983B
    ALS-8112-TP

    		Drug Metabolite DNA/RNA Synthesis Infection
    ALS-8112-TP is the 5'-triphosphate metabolite of ALS-8112 (HY-12983). ALS-8112-TP is a potent, selective and competitive respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) RNA polymerase inhibitor, with selectivity against polymerases from host or viruses unrelated to RSV such as hepatitis C virus (HCV). ALS-8112-TP can be efficiently recognized by the recombinant RSV polymerase complex, causing chain termination of RNA synthesis. ALS-8112-TP can be used for RSV-infection research .
    ALS-8112-TP
  • HY-181602
    ATP Synthesis-IN-4

    		ATP Synthase COX Oxidative Phosphorylation AMPK Cancer
    ATP Synthesis-IN-4 is a mitochondria-targeted small-molecule ligand that inhibits ATP synthesis. ATP Synthesis-IN-4 binds to mtDNA G4s in melanoma cells, thereby inducing changes in mitochondrial metabolism and inhibiting cell proliferation. ATP Synthesis-IN-4 suppresses the translation of key mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins (CYTB, ATP8, COX1, COX3, ND2) in melanoma cells, downregulates the expression of OXPHOS complexes, activates the phosphorylation of AMPK, and induces metabolic reprogramming to upregulate glycolysis. ATP Synthesis-IN-4 is applicable to relevant research on melanoma .
    ATP Synthesis-IN-4
  • HY-181934
    ClpP activator-2

    		ClpP Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Mitochondrial Metabolism Cancer
    ClpP activator-2 (Compound GU18) is a ClpP activator with a Kd of 5.01 μM for HsClpP. ClpP activator-2 enhances the proteolytic activity of HsClpP and promotes the degradation of α-casein by HsClpP, with an EC50 of 1.09 μM. ClpP activator-2 induces the accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to damage to mitochondrial structure and function. ClpP activator-2 exhibits significant in vivo anti-multiple myeloma activity .
    ClpP activator-2

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