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Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous and BBB-permeable endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation .
C16-PAF (PAF (C16)), a phospholipid mediator, is a platelet-activating factor and ligand for PAF G-protein-coupled receptor (PAFR). C16-PAF exhibits anti-apoptotic effect and inhibits caspase-dependent death by activating the PAFR. C16-PAF is a potent MAPK and MEK/ERK activator. C16-PAF induces increased vascularpermeability .
Hydroxytyrosol (DOPET; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenethyl alcohol) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable multi-active compound with multiple effects including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-platelet aggregation, and neuroprotective activities. Hydroxytyrosol not only inhibits the growth of Vibrio by increasing bacterial membrane permeability, but also interacts with DNA and mediates supercoiled DNA relaxation. Meanwhile, Hydroxytyrosol effectively reduces thrombosis and inhibits lipid oxidation by inhibiting COX activity and promoting vascular nitric oxide production. In terms of neuroprotection, Hydroxytyrosol significantly alleviates neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses by up-regulating the expression level of ERβ, thereby improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease models. Hydroxytyrosol has been widely used in scientific research related to Vibrio infection, arterial thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease and other related fields .
Bradykinin is an effective endothelium-dependent vasodilator that can lower blood pressure. Bradykinin can induce contraction of bronchial and intestinal non-vascular smooth muscle, increase vascularpermeability, and participate in the mechanism of pain .
Tivozanib (AV-951; KRN951) is a selective, orally active inhibitor for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1, 2 3, with IC50s of 30, 6.5 and 15 nM, respectively. Tivozanib exhibits antitumor efficacy .
Dextran 70,000 is a high molecular weight polysaccharide formed by glucose linked by α-(1→6) glycosidic bonds. Dextran 70,000 can expand blood volume through colloidal osmotic pressure effect and inhibit cell adhesion and platelet aggregation through steric hindrance. At the same time, Dextran 70,000 can be used as a drug carrier to achieve targeted delivery through endocytosis. Dextran 70,000 is biologically inert and has low immunogenicity. It can be used for clinical blood volume expansion, anti-thrombotic research, and evaluation of vascularpermeability in in vitro experiments. It can also be combined with fluorescent dyes for cell tracking and drug delivery research. The Dextran series of compounds are also natural polysaccharide drug carriers that can be connected to drugs through covalent bonding methods such as ester bonds, amide bonds or click chemistry, or self-assembled to form carriers such as nanoparticles and hydrogels. Dextran is biodegradable and biocompatible, and can achieve targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs. Dextran derivatives can prolong the half-life of drugs, increase local concentrations, and reduce the activity of immune clearance.
Sulfo-NHS-LC-Biotin sodium is an amine-reactive ester derivative of biotin and cannot pass the intact blood-retinal barrier. It can be used to assess vascularpermeability of the brain and retinal vasculature.
Pipecolic acid is an orally bioavailable, blood-brain barrier-permeable metabolite of lysine with antioxidant, inhibitor, and inducer activity. Pipecolic acid modulates the YAP-GPX4 signaling pathway, reduces retinal vascular tube formation, and mitigates ferroptosis. Pipecolic acid potentiates voltage-sensitive Ca 2+ channel currents and induces neuronal apoptosis. Pipecolic acid can be used for the research of diabetic retinopathy .
Lomitapide (AEGR-733; BMS-201038) mesylate is an orally active microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitor and a selective mTORC1 inhibitor with lipid-lowering activity and BBB permeability. Lomitapide mesylate significantly reduces plasma LDL levels by blocking the assembly and secretion of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Lomitapide mesylate inhibits mTORC1 in an ATP-dependent manner, thereby inducing AMPK-independent autophagic cell death and suppressing cancer cell growth and apoptosis. Lomitapide mesylate also enhances tumor infiltration of CD8 + T cells. In addition, Lomitapide mesylate inhibits HDAC, improves endothelial function, effectively alleviates vascular inflammation and oxidative stress, and exerts neuroprotective effects in a cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury model. Lomitapide mesylate can be used in research on related diseases such as colorectal cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, ischemic stroke, and familial hypercholesterolemia .
TRITC-dextran MW 70000 (Tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate glucan, MW 70000) is a fluorescent dye with a molecular weight of 70 kD. The excitation wavelength of TRITC-dextran MW 70000 is 555 nm, and its emission wavelength is 570 nm. TRITC-dextran MW 70000 is used for drug delivery because TRITC maintains stability over a wide pH range (i.e., pH 2-11) and exhibits photobleaching resistance .
Trimipramine maleate is a 5-HT receptor antagonist, with blood-brain barrier permeability. Trimipramine maleate has pKi binding values of 6.39, 8.10, 4.66 for 5-HT1C, 5-HT2 and 5-HT1A, respectively. Trimipramine maleate is also a potent and selective inhibitor targeting human noradrenaline (hNAT), serotonin (hSERT) and organic cation transporters (hOCT1, hOCT2) with IC50 values of 4.99 μM, 2.11 μM, 3.72 μM, 8.00 μM, respectively. Trimipramine maleate has vascular activity and anxiolytic efficacy .
TPCK (L-1-Tosylamido-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone; L-TPCK) is an effective serine protease inhibitor and also a blocker of the PDK1/Akt pathway. TPCK can modify the E7 protein in actively keratinocyte cells. TPCK can induce cellular apoptosis, suppress tumor growth, reduce hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in rat pups, and affect vascularpermeability in inflamed rats .
Diflapolin is a highly active dual 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP)/soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor with marked anti-inflammatory efficacy and high target selectivity. Diflapolin inhibits 5-LOX product formation in intact human monocytes and neutrophils with IC50s?of? 30 and 170?nM, respectively, and suppressed the activity of isolated sEH (IC50=20?nM) .
Epinastine (WAL801) is a selective and orally active histamine H1 receptor antagonist, CD96/PVR inhibitor and mast cell stabilizer. Epinastine has high affinity for neuronal octopamine receptors in locusts (Ki = 2 nM) and honeybees (Ki = 1.1 nM). Epinastine hydrochloride inhibits TARC, IL-8, and IL-4. Epinastine activates anti-colon cancer immunity and inhibits Substance P (HY-P0201)-induced scratching behavior and increased vascularpermeability. Epinastine can be used in the research of allergic diseases .
Ceramide 3 (N-Stearoyl phytosphingosine) is an orally active major component of intercellular lipids in the stratum corneum of the skin, and belongs to the ceramide family. Ceramide 3 inhibits c-jun and NF-κB activation induced by Histamine (HY-B1204), and suppresses the expression of IL-4 and TNF-α. Ceramide 3 inhibits scratching behavior and vascularpermeability in mice, and exhibits antihistamine effects in guinea pig ileum. Ceramide 3 improves skin barrier function, reduces transepidermal water loss, erythema and the number of circulating epidermal cells, and accelerates barrier repair of irritated or dysfunctional skin .
Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester) is an orally effective, blood-brain barrier-permeable, competitive prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor that inhibits the hydroxylation modification of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) by PHD. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate stabilizes HIF-1α by inhibiting PHD, activates downstream pathways to induce autophagy and apoptosis of tumor cells, and regulates inflammatory responses, inhibits the NF-κB pathway, improves vascularpermeability, and promotes osteoblast differentiation. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate has anti-tumor, anti-hypoxic injury, and bone metabolism regulation effects. It can also be used in the research of cardiovascular protection (such as reducing myocardial ischemic damage), bone tissue engineering (promoting osteogenesis/inhibiting osteoclast differentiation), and prevention and treatment of high-altitude cerebral edema .
Hydroxytyrosol acetate is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable multi-active compound with multiple effects including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-platelet aggregation, and neuroprotective activities. Hydroxytyrosol acetate not only inhibits the growth of Vibrio by increasing bacterial membrane permeability, but also interacts with DNA and mediates supercoiled DNA relaxation. Meanwhile, Hydroxytyrosol acetate effectively reduces thrombosis and inhibits lipid oxidation by inhibiting COX activity and promoting vascular nitric oxide production. In terms of neuroprotection, Hydroxytyrosol acetate significantly alleviates neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses by up-regulating the expression level of ERβ, thereby improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease models. Hydroxytyrosol acetate has been widely used in scientific research related to Vibrio infection, arterial thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease and other related fields .
NS-2028 is a highly selective soluble Guanylyl Cyclase (sGC) inhibitor with IC50 values of 30 nM and 200 nM for basal and NO-stimulated enzyme activity . NS-2028 inhibits soluble Guanylyl Cyclase activity in homogenates of mouse cerebellum and neuronal NO synthase with IC50 values of 17 nM and 20 nM . NS-2028 inhibits 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1)-elicited formation of cyclic GMP in human cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells with an IC50 of 30 nM . NS-2028 is commonly used in the research of nitric oxide signaling pathways, it inhibits NO-dependent relaxant responses in non-vascular smooth muscle completely (1 μM) . NS-2028 reduces vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis and permeability .
Murine Fibrinogen is a native fibrinogen derived from mouse plasma. Murine Fibrinogen acts as a cerebrovascular permeability enhancer. Murine Fibrinogen activates matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), downregulates the expression of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), and upregulates the expression of plasmalemmal vesicle-associated protein-1 (PV-1). Murine Fibrinogen increases macromolecular leakage from pial veins, thereby disrupting the microvascular integrity of cerebral blood vessels. Murine Fibrinogen can be used in studies related to cerebrovascular dysfunction .
Epinastine hydrochloride (WAL801 hydrochloride) is a selective and orally active histamine H1 receptor antagonist, CD96/PVR inhibitor and mast cell stabilizer. Epinastine hydrochloride has high affinity for neuronal octopamine receptors in locusts (Ki = 2 nM) and honeybees (Ki = 1.1 nM). Epinastine hydrochloride inhibits TARC, IL-8, and IL-4. Epinastine hydrochloride activates anti-colon cancer immunity and inhibits Substance P (HY-P0201)-induced scratching behavior and increased vascularpermeability. Epinastine hydrochloride can be used in the research of allergic diseases .
Bradykinin acetate is an effective endothelium-dependent vasodilator that can lower blood pressure. Bradykinin acetate can induce contraction of bronchial and intestinal non-vascular smooth muscle, increase vascularpermeability, and participate in the mechanism of pain .
Tivozanib hydrochloride hydrate is the hydrate hydrochloride form of Tivozanib (HY-10977). Tivozanib hydrochloride hydrate is a selective, orally active inhibitor for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1, 2 3, with IC50s of 30, 6.5 and 15 nM, respectively. Tivozanib hydrochloride hydrate exhibits antitumor efficacy .
TRITC-dextran (Tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate glucan), MW 40000 is a TRITC (HY-D0791)-labeled neutral 40 kDa fluorescent polysaccharide probe. TRITC-dextran, MW 40000 forms a membrane layer on the surface of protocells composed of protamine/folate condensates, and is used to assess membrane fluidity via fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. TRITC-dextran, MW 40000 can also be used to evaluate the anti-bacterial invasion ability and colloidal stability of coated condensates, as well as analyze the permeability of vascular and lymphatic endothelial cell layers .
Z-FF-FMK (Z-Phe-Phe-FMK) is a cell-permeable, irreversible, and cysteine protease inhibitor targeting cathepsin-L. Z-FF-FMK inhibits angiotensin II-induced MEK activation in vascular walls, aortic medial remodeling, blood pressure elevation, and upregulation of cystatin C in aortic walls. Z-FF-FMK prevents β-amyloid-mediated caspase-3 activation, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis of cortical neurons (apoptosis). Z-FF-FMK can be used in research related to hypertension and Alzheimer's disease .
Vasculotide is a blood-brain barrier (BBB)-penetrant Tie2 agonist. Vasculotide binds to a unique domain of Tie2, induces receptor clustering to drive phosphorylation, activates downstream PI3K/Akt and eNOS pathways, enhances inter-endothelial cell junctions (such as VE-cadherin and claudin-5), and inhibits inflammatory adhesion molecules, ultimately stabilizing the vascular endothelial barrier and reducing its permeability. Vasculotide alleviates pulmonary microvascular leakage and microcirculatory dysfunction caused by cardiopulmonary bypass, acts as an adjuvant radioprotective agent to reduce acute radiation dermatitis, and promotes BBB recovery after focused ultrasound (FUS). Combination of Vasculotide with antibiotics reduces lung injury .
Peptide 401, a potent mast cell degranulating factor from bee venom, suppresses the increased vascularpermeability due to intradermal injection of various smooth muscle spasmogens (histamine, and 5-HT).
Hydroxytyrosol (Standard) (DOPET (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Hydroxytyrosol (HY-N0570). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hydroxytyrosol is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable multi-active compound with multiple effects including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-platelet aggregation, and neuroprotective activities. Hydroxytyrosol not only inhibits the growth of Vibrio by increasing bacterial membrane permeability, but also interacts with DNA and mediates supercoiled DNA relaxation. Meanwhile, Hydroxytyrosol effectively reduces thrombosis and inhibits lipid oxidation by inhibiting COX activity and promoting vascular nitric oxide production. In terms of neuroprotection, Hydroxytyrosol significantly alleviates neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses by up-regulating the expression level of ERβ, thereby improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease models. Hydroxytyrosol has been widely used in scientific research related to Vibrio infection, arterial thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease and other related fields .
SKF-83566 is a potent, blood-brain permeable and orally active D1-like dopamine receptor (D1DR) antagonist and a weaker competitive antagonist at the vascular 5-HT2 receptor (Ki=11 nM) . SKF-83566 is a competitive DAT (dopamine transporter) inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.7 μM . SKF-83566 also shows selective inhibition for adenylyl cyclase 2 (AC2) over AC1 and AC5 in the isolated rabbit thoracic aorta . SKF-83566 can be used for research of parkinson’s disease and nicotine craving alleviation .
Isotoosendanin is an orally active TGFβR1 inhibitor and abrogating its kinase activity (IC50 = 6732 nM). Isotoosendanin inhibits the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway by directly targeting SHP-2, enhancing its stability, and reducing its ubiquitination. Isotoosendanin inhibits TGF-β-induced reduces the migration, invasion, and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Isotoosendanin exhibits anti-tumor efficacy in TNBC xenograft models and A549 xenograft tumors. Isotoosendanin exhibits significant anti-inflammatory effects in acetic acid-induced vascularpermeability and λ-carrageenan-induced hind paw edema tests. Isotoosendanin can be used for the study of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), TNBC and inflammation .
Vasculotide TFA is a blood-brain barrier (BBB)-penetrant Tie2 agonist. Vasculotide TFA binds to a unique domain of Tie2, induces receptor clustering to drive phosphorylation, activates downstream PI3K/Akt and eNOS pathways, enhances inter-endothelial cell junctions (such as VE-cadherin and claudin-5), and inhibits inflammatory adhesion molecules, ultimately stabilizing the vascular endothelial barrier and reducing its permeability. Vasculotide TFA alleviates pulmonary microvascular leakage and microcirculatory dysfunction caused by cardiopulmonary bypass, acts as an adjuvant radioprotective agent to reduce acute radiation dermatitis, and promotes BBB recovery after focused ultrasound (FUS). Combination of Vasculotide TFA with antibiotics reduces lung injury .
Maxadilan is a specific irreversible PAC1 receptor agonist and a potent vasodilator peptide present in the salivary glands of sand flies. Maxadilan exhibits anti-apoptotic activity in hADSCs. Maxadilan inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α) and enhances anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-10). Maxadilan can activate leukocytes and inhibit vascularpermeability through PAC1 receptors. Maxadilan promotes neural differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. Maxadilan can be used to study endotoxin shock, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases [1] [2] [3] [4] [5].
Sulfo-NHS-LC-Biotin is an amine-reactive ester derivative of biotin and cannot pass the intact blood-retinal barrier. It can be used to assess vascularpermeability of the brain and retinal vasculature.
aPKC-IN-2 is a small molecule inhibitor that inhibits aPKC activity. aPKC-IN-2 can effectively block vascular endothelial permeability in cell culture and in vivo experiments. aPKC-IN-2 shows biological activity in interfering with NFκB-driven gene transcription and is associated with inflammatory responses. aPKC-IN-2 has a significant inhibitory effect on vascular endothelial permeability induced by VEGF and TNF, and its EC50 value is in the low nanomolar range. The structural characteristics of aPKC-IN-2 reveal key elements of its inhibitory activity, providing the possibility for further development of small molecule aPKC inhibitors .
Mitoflaxone (flavoneacetic acid) is a synthetic flavonoid compound with vascular targeting properties. Mitoflaxone exerts anti-proliferative effects on endothelial cells through a superoxide-dependent mechanism, this effect leads to changes in the permeability of tumor blood vessels, thereby exerting anti-tumor effects [1] [2] .
Vicasinabin (RG7774) is an orally active, selective, and full CB2R agonist, with EC50 values of 2.81 nM and 2.60 nM for human CB2R and mouse CB2R, respectively. Vicasinabin inhibits inflammation, reduces leukocyte adhesion and decreases vascularpermeability by selectively activating CB2R. Vicasinabin can be used in the researches for diabetic retinopathy, uveitis and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization .
Leukotriene D4-d5 is the deuterium labeled Leukotriene D4. Leukotriene D4 is one of the constituents of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) produced by the metabolism of LTC4 by γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. Leukotriene D4 is the first cysteinyl-leukotriene metabolite of LTC4. Leukotriene D4-induced bronchoconstriction and enhanced vascularpermeability contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma and acute hypersensitivity.
Ceramide 3-d3 (N-Stearoyl phytosphingosine-d3) is deuterium labeled Ceramide 3. Ceramide 3 is an orally active major component of intercellular lipids in the stratum corneum of the skin, and belongs to the ceramide family. Ceramide 3 inhibits c-jun and NF-κB activation induced by Histamine (HY-B1204), and suppresses the expression of IL-4 and TNF-α. Ceramide 3 inhibits scratching behavior and vascularpermeability in mice, and exhibits antihistamine effects in guinea pig ileum. Ceramide 3 improves skin barrier function, reduces transepidermal water loss, erythema and the number of circulating epidermal cells, and accelerates barrier repair of irritated or dysfunctional skin.
JNJ-26076713 is a potent and orally active alpha V integrin antagonist with IC50 values of 2.3 nM and 6.3 nM for alpha(V)beta(3) and alpha(V)beta(5), respectively. JNJ-26076713 inhibits retinal neovascularization .
Hydroxytyrosol-d4 (DOPET-d4) is the deuterium labeled Hydroxytyrosol (HY-N0570). Hydroxytyrosol is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable multi-active compound with multiple effects including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-platelet aggregation, and neuroprotective activities. Hydroxytyrosol not only inhibits the growth of Vibrio by increasing bacterial membrane permeability, but also interacts with DNA and mediates supercoiled DNA relaxation. Meanwhile, Hydroxytyrosol effectively reduces thrombosis and inhibits lipid oxidation by inhibiting COX activity and promoting vascular nitric oxide production. In terms of neuroprotection, Hydroxytyrosol significantly alleviates neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses by up-regulating the expression level of ERβ, thereby improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease models. Hydroxytyrosol has been widely used in scientific research related to Vibrio infection, arterial thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease and other related fields .
Hydroxytyrosol-d5 (DOPET-d5) is the deuterium labeled Hydroxytyrosol (HY-N0570). Hydroxytyrosol is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable multi-active compound with multiple effects including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-platelet aggregation, and neuroprotective activities. Hydroxytyrosol not only inhibits the growth of Vibrio by increasing bacterial membrane permeability, but also interacts with DNA and mediates supercoiled DNA relaxation. Meanwhile, Hydroxytyrosol effectively reduces thrombosis and inhibits lipid oxidation by inhibiting COX activity and promoting vascular nitric oxide production. In terms of neuroprotection, Hydroxytyrosol significantly alleviates neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses by up-regulating the expression level of ERβ, thereby improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease models. Hydroxytyrosol has been widely used in scientific research related to Vibrio infection, arterial thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease and other related fields .
aPKC-IN-1 (compound 1) is an atypical protein kinase C (aPKCζ) inhibitor. aPKC-IN-1 can be used for the study of a host of diseases involving increased vascularpermeability and inflammation .
Eoxin E4 (14,15-LTE4) is the metabolite of 14,15-LTC4 and 14,15-LTD4. Eoxin E4 increases vascularpermeability of human endothelial cell monolayers with about 10-fold less potency than LTC4, but approximately 100-fold greater potency than histamine .
C16-PAF (Standard) is the analytical standard of C16-PAF. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. C16-PAF (PAF (C16)), a phospholipid mediator, is a platelet-activating factor and ligand for PAF G-protein-coupled receptor (PAFR). C16-PAF exhibits anti-apoptotic effect and inhibits caspase-dependent death by activating the PAFR. C16-PAF is a potent MAPK and MEK/ERK activator. C16-PAF induces increased vascularpermeability .
Bradykinin triacetate is an effective endothelium-dependent vasodilator that can lower blood pressure. Bradykinin triacetate can induce contraction of bronchial and intestinal non-vascular smooth muscle, increase vascularpermeability, and participate in the mechanism of pain .
Human VEGFC mRNA encodes the human vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) protein, a member of the platelet-derived growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (PDGF/VEGF) family. VEGFC promotes angiogenesis and endothelial cell growth, and can also affect the permeability of blood vessels.
Human BTC mRNA encodes the human betacellulin (BTC) protein, a member of the epidermal growth factor family. BTC promotes pancreatic cell proliferation and insulin secretion, as well as retinal vascularpermeability.
RPP-(Gly-1 13C2, 15N)-FSPFR TFA is 13C- and 15N-labeled Bradykinin (HY-P0206). Bradykinin is an effective endothelium-dependent vasodilator that can lower blood pressure. Bradykinin can induce contraction of bronchial and intestinal non-vascular smooth muscle, increase vascularpermeability, and participate in the mechanism of pain .
Tivozanib (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tivozanib. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tivozanib (AV-951; KRN951) is a selective, orally active inhibitor for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1, 2 3, with IC50s of 30, 6.5 and 15 nM, respectively. Tivozanib exhibits antitumor efficacy .
Tivozanib (hydrochloride hydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tivozanib (hydrochloride hydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tivozanib hydrochloride hydrate is the hydrate hydrochloride form of Tivozanib (HY-10977). Tivozanib hydrochloride hydrate is a selective, orally active inhibitor for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1, 2 3, with IC50s of 30, 6.5 and 15 nM, respectively. Tivozanib hydrochloride hydrate exhibits antitumor efficacy .
YM-359445 dihydroxybutanedioate is an orally active VEGFR2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with an IC50 of 8.5 nM. YM-359445 dihydroxybutanedioate shows a complete inhibition of vascularpermeability induced by VEGF. YM-359445 dihydroxybutanedioate shows antitumor activity against both lung cancer and Paclitaxel (HY-B0015)-resistant colon cancer .
Neuromedin B-30 is the neuropeptide, which is orignally isolated from porcine brain and spinal cord. , and may exhibit activity in stimulating smooth-muscle. Neuromedin B causes local vasodilation, increases vascularpermeability and local hyperalgesia, thereby participating in neurogenic inflammation. Neuromedin B regulates appetite, body temperature, and behavioral responses to stress. Neuromedin B is also involved in regulating smooth muscle contraction and secretory function in the gastrointestinal tract .
Hydroxytyrosol acetate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hydroxytyrosol (HY-N0570). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hydroxytyrosol acetate is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable multi-active compound with multiple effects including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-platelet aggregation, and neuroprotective activities. Hydroxytyrosol acetate not only inhibits the growth of Vibrio by increasing bacterial membrane permeability, but also interacts with DNA and mediates supercoiled DNA relaxation. Meanwhile, Hydroxytyrosol acetate effectively reduces thrombosis and inhibits lipid oxidation by inhibiting COX activity and promoting vascular nitric oxide production. In terms of neuroprotection, Hydroxytyrosol acetate significantly alleviates neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses by up-regulating the expression level of ERβ, thereby improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease models. Hydroxytyrosol acetate has been widely used in scientific research related to Vibrio infection, arterial thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease and other related fields .
SKF-83566 hydrobromide is a potent, blood-brain permeable and orally active D1-like dopamine receptor (D1DR) antagonist and a weaker competitive antagonist at the vascular 5-HT2 receptor (Ki=11 nM) . SKF-83566 is a competitive DAT (dopamine transporter) inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.7 μM . SKF-83566 also shows selective inhibition for adenylyl cyclase 2 (AC2) over AC1 and AC5 in the isolated rabbit thoracic aorta . SKF-83566 can be used for the research of parkinson’s disease and nicotine craving alleviation .
Ethyl 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate- 13C3 (Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester- 13C3) is the 13C-labeled Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (HY-W016409). Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester) is an orally effective, blood-brain barrier-permeable, competitive prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor that inhibits the hydroxylation modification of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) by PHD. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate stabilizes HIF-1α by inhibiting PHD, activates downstream pathways to induce autophagy and apoptosis of tumor cells, and regulates inflammatory responses, inhibits the NF-κB pathway, improves vascularpermeability, and promotes osteoblast differentiation. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate has anti-tumor, anti-hypoxic injury, and bone metabolism regulation effects. It can also be used in the research of cardiovascular protection (such as reducing myocardial ischemic damage), bone tissue engineering (promoting osteogenesis/inhibiting osteoclast differentiation), and prevention and treatment of high-altitude cerebral edema .
Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Standard) (Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (HY-W016409). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester) is an orally effective, blood-brain barrier-permeable, competitive prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor that inhibits the hydroxylation modification of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) by PHD. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate stabilizes HIF-1α by inhibiting PHD, activates downstream pathways to induce autophagy and apoptosis of tumor cells, and regulates inflammatory responses, inhibits the NF-κB pathway, improves vascularpermeability, and promotes osteoblast differentiation. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate has anti-tumor, anti-hypoxic injury, and bone metabolism regulation effects. It can also be used in the research of cardiovascular protection (such as reducing myocardial ischemic damage), bone tissue engineering (promoting osteogenesis/inhibiting osteoclast differentiation), and prevention and treatment of high-altitude cerebral edema .
Epinastine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Epinastine hydrochloride (HY-B0640A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Epinastine hydrochloride (WAL801 hydrochloride) is a selective and orally active histamine H1 receptor antagonist, CD96/PVR inhibitor and mast cell stabilizer. Epinastine hydrochloride has high affinity for neuronal octopamine receptors in locusts (Ki = 2 nM) and honeybees (Ki = 1.1 nM). Epinastine hydrochloride inhibits TARC, IL-8, and IL-4. Epinastine hydrochloride activates anti-colon cancer immunity and inhibits Substance P (HY-P0201)-induced scratching behavior and increased vascularpermeability. Epinastine hydrochloride can be used in the research of allergic diseases .
1-O-Tigloyl-1-O-debenzoylohchinal is an orally active limonoid-type triterpenoid anti-inflammatory and peripheral analgesic agent isolated from the fruits of Melia toosendan. 1-O-Tigloyl-1-O-debenzoylohchinal significantly inhibits acetic acid (HY-Y0319)-induced increase in vascularpermeability, λ-Carrageenan (HY-N9470)-induced paw edema, and acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice. 1-O-Tigloyl-1-O-debenzoylohchinal shows no significant analgesic effect in the hot-plate test, and acts mainly on the peripheral rather than the central nervous system. 1-O-Tigloyl-1-O-debenzoylohchinal can be widely used in the research of acute or chronic inflammation, stomachache and other related diseases .
YM-344484 is an orally active dual antagonist of chemokine CCR3 receptor and histamine histamine H1 receptor. YM-344484 inhibits ligand-induced Ca 2+ influx, chemotaxis of CCR3-expressing cells, histamine-induced Ca 2+ influx, increased vascularpermeability and eosinophil accumulation. YM-344484 suppresses vascularpermeability and inhibits eosinophil infiltration in a mouse asthma model. YM-344484 can be used in research related to asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis .
UR-12633 is a platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist. UR-12633 can effectively reverse hypotension, inhibit coagulation abnormalities, increased vascularpermeability, and metabolic disorders in rodent models of endotoxic shock. UR-12633 can be used for research on endotoxic shock .
AY 25674 is an orally active antiallergic agent and a PDE inhibitor. AY 25674 inhibits the release of allergic histamine from mast cells. AY 25674 suppresses passive anaphylaxis induced by reaginic (IgE) antibodies. AY 25674 does not inhibit the increased vascularpermeability caused by non-reaginic antibodies, serotonin or histamine. AY 25674 reaches its peak activity shortly after administration; rapid tolerance occurs at high doses. AY 25674 can be used in research related to passive anaphylaxis .
1-Palmityl-2-O-acetyl-3-glyceryl phosphorylcholine ((Rac)-PAF (C16)) is an endogenous inflammatory lipid mediator. 1-Palmityl-2-O-acetyl-3-glyceryl phosphorylcholine acts as a high-affinity agonist for PAFR (GPCR), inducing platelet aggregation, vascularpermeability, and leukocyte chemotaxis at extremely low concentrations. 1-Palmityl-2-O-acetyl-3-glyceryl phosphorylcholine exerts its effects via cell surface receptors to regulate inflammation .
SU10944 is a selective, orally active VEGFR inhibitor, with an IC50 of 6 nM against VEGFR-1, an IC50 of 96 nM and a Ki of 21 nM against VEGFR-2. SU10944 only exhibits weak inhibitory activity against PDGFRβ (IC50 = 1 μM), SCFR (IC50 = 1.58 μM) and FGFR-1 (IC50 = 1.6 μM). SU10944 selectively inhibits VEGFR receptor downstream signaling, neovascularization, vascularpermeability, VEGF-mediated tissue factor production, and induces tumor growth delay. SU10944 can be used in research related to diabetic retinopathy, exudative age-related macular degeneration or cancer .
SKF-83566 (Standard) is the analytical standard of SKF-83566 (HY-103430A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. SKF-83566 is a potent, blood-brain permeable and orally active D1-like dopamine receptor (D1DR) antagonist and a weaker competitive antagonist at the vascular 5-HT2 receptor (Ki=11 nM) . SKF-83566 is a competitive DAT (dopamine transporter) inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.7 μM . SKF-83566 also shows selective inhibition for adenylyl cyclase 2 (AC2) over AC1 and AC5 in the isolated rabbit thoracic aorta . SKF-83566 can be used for research of parkinson’s disease and nicotine craving alleviation .
TRITC-dextran MW 70000 (Tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate glucan, MW 70000) is a fluorescent dye with a molecular weight of 70 kD. The excitation wavelength of TRITC-dextran MW 70000 is 555 nm, and its emission wavelength is 570 nm. TRITC-dextran MW 70000 is used for drug delivery because TRITC maintains stability over a wide pH range (i.e., pH 2-11) and exhibits photobleaching resistance .
Sulfo-NHS-LC-Biotin is an amine-reactive ester derivative of biotin and cannot pass the intact blood-retinal barrier. It can be used to assess vascularpermeability of the brain and retinal vasculature.
Dextran 70,000 is a high molecular weight polysaccharide formed by glucose linked by α-(1→6) glycosidic bonds. Dextran 70,000 can expand blood volume through colloidal osmotic pressure effect and inhibit cell adhesion and platelet aggregation through steric hindrance. At the same time, Dextran 70,000 can be used as a drug carrier to achieve targeted delivery through endocytosis. Dextran 70,000 is biologically inert and has low immunogenicity. It can be used for clinical blood volume expansion, anti-thrombotic research, and evaluation of vascularpermeability in in vitro experiments. It can also be combined with fluorescent dyes for cell tracking and drug delivery research. The Dextran series of compounds are also natural polysaccharide drug carriers that can be connected to drugs through covalent bonding methods such as ester bonds, amide bonds or click chemistry, or self-assembled to form carriers such as nanoparticles and hydrogels. Dextran is biodegradable and biocompatible, and can achieve targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs. Dextran derivatives can prolong the half-life of drugs, increase local concentrations, and reduce the activity of immune clearance.
Pipecolic acid is an orally bioavailable, blood-brain barrier-permeable metabolite of lysine with antioxidant, inhibitor, and inducer activity. Pipecolic acid modulates the YAP-GPX4 signaling pathway, reduces retinal vascular tube formation, and mitigates ferroptosis. Pipecolic acid potentiates voltage-sensitive Ca 2+ channel currents and induces neuronal apoptosis. Pipecolic acid can be used for the research of diabetic retinopathy .
TRITC-dextran MW 70000 (Tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate glucan, MW 70000) is a fluorescent dye with a molecular weight of 70 kD. The excitation wavelength of TRITC-dextran MW 70000 is 555 nm, and its emission wavelength is 570 nm. TRITC-dextran MW 70000 is used for drug delivery because TRITC maintains stability over a wide pH range (i.e., pH 2-11) and exhibits photobleaching resistance .
Ceramide 3 (N-Stearoyl phytosphingosine) is an orally active major component of intercellular lipids in the stratum corneum of the skin, and belongs to the ceramide family. Ceramide 3 inhibits c-jun and NF-κB activation induced by Histamine (HY-B1204), and suppresses the expression of IL-4 and TNF-α. Ceramide 3 inhibits scratching behavior and vascularpermeability in mice, and exhibits antihistamine effects in guinea pig ileum. Ceramide 3 improves skin barrier function, reduces transepidermal water loss, erythema and the number of circulating epidermal cells, and accelerates barrier repair of irritated or dysfunctional skin .
TRITC-dextran (Tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate glucan), MW 40000 is a TRITC (HY-D0791)-labeled neutral 40 kDa fluorescent polysaccharide probe. TRITC-dextran, MW 40000 forms a membrane layer on the surface of protocells composed of protamine/folate condensates, and is used to assess membrane fluidity via fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. TRITC-dextran, MW 40000 can also be used to evaluate the anti-bacterial invasion ability and colloidal stability of coated condensates, as well as analyze the permeability of vascular and lymphatic endothelial cell layers .
Bradykinin is an effective endothelium-dependent vasodilator that can lower blood pressure. Bradykinin can induce contraction of bronchial and intestinal non-vascular smooth muscle, increase vascularpermeability, and participate in the mechanism of pain .
Bradykinin acetate is an effective endothelium-dependent vasodilator that can lower blood pressure. Bradykinin acetate can induce contraction of bronchial and intestinal non-vascular smooth muscle, increase vascularpermeability, and participate in the mechanism of pain .
Z-FF-FMK (Z-Phe-Phe-FMK) is a cell-permeable, irreversible, and cysteine protease inhibitor targeting cathepsin-L. Z-FF-FMK inhibits angiotensin II-induced MEK activation in vascular walls, aortic medial remodeling, blood pressure elevation, and upregulation of cystatin C in aortic walls. Z-FF-FMK prevents β-amyloid-mediated caspase-3 activation, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis of cortical neurons (apoptosis). Z-FF-FMK can be used in research related to hypertension and Alzheimer's disease .
Vasculotide is a blood-brain barrier (BBB)-penetrant Tie2 agonist. Vasculotide binds to a unique domain of Tie2, induces receptor clustering to drive phosphorylation, activates downstream PI3K/Akt and eNOS pathways, enhances inter-endothelial cell junctions (such as VE-cadherin and claudin-5), and inhibits inflammatory adhesion molecules, ultimately stabilizing the vascular endothelial barrier and reducing its permeability. Vasculotide alleviates pulmonary microvascular leakage and microcirculatory dysfunction caused by cardiopulmonary bypass, acts as an adjuvant radioprotective agent to reduce acute radiation dermatitis, and promotes BBB recovery after focused ultrasound (FUS). Combination of Vasculotide with antibiotics reduces lung injury .
Peptide 401, a potent mast cell degranulating factor from bee venom, suppresses the increased vascularpermeability due to intradermal injection of various smooth muscle spasmogens (histamine, and 5-HT).
Vasculotide TFA is a blood-brain barrier (BBB)-penetrant Tie2 agonist. Vasculotide TFA binds to a unique domain of Tie2, induces receptor clustering to drive phosphorylation, activates downstream PI3K/Akt and eNOS pathways, enhances inter-endothelial cell junctions (such as VE-cadherin and claudin-5), and inhibits inflammatory adhesion molecules, ultimately stabilizing the vascular endothelial barrier and reducing its permeability. Vasculotide TFA alleviates pulmonary microvascular leakage and microcirculatory dysfunction caused by cardiopulmonary bypass, acts as an adjuvant radioprotective agent to reduce acute radiation dermatitis, and promotes BBB recovery after focused ultrasound (FUS). Combination of Vasculotide TFA with antibiotics reduces lung injury .
Maxadilan is a specific irreversible PAC1 receptor agonist and a potent vasodilator peptide present in the salivary glands of sand flies. Maxadilan exhibits anti-apoptotic activity in hADSCs. Maxadilan inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α) and enhances anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-10). Maxadilan can activate leukocytes and inhibit vascularpermeability through PAC1 receptors. Maxadilan promotes neural differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. Maxadilan can be used to study endotoxin shock, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases [1] [2] [3] [4] [5].
Bradykinin triacetate is an effective endothelium-dependent vasodilator that can lower blood pressure. Bradykinin triacetate can induce contraction of bronchial and intestinal non-vascular smooth muscle, increase vascularpermeability, and participate in the mechanism of pain .
RPP-(Gly-1 13C2, 15N)-FSPFR TFA is 13C- and 15N-labeled Bradykinin (HY-P0206). Bradykinin is an effective endothelium-dependent vasodilator that can lower blood pressure. Bradykinin can induce contraction of bronchial and intestinal non-vascular smooth muscle, increase vascularpermeability, and participate in the mechanism of pain .
Neuromedin B-30 is the neuropeptide, which is orignally isolated from porcine brain and spinal cord. , and may exhibit activity in stimulating smooth-muscle. Neuromedin B causes local vasodilation, increases vascularpermeability and local hyperalgesia, thereby participating in neurogenic inflammation. Neuromedin B regulates appetite, body temperature, and behavioral responses to stress. Neuromedin B is also involved in regulating smooth muscle contraction and secretory function in the gastrointestinal tract .
Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous and BBB-permeable endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation .
C16-PAF (PAF (C16)), a phospholipid mediator, is a platelet-activating factor and ligand for PAF G-protein-coupled receptor (PAFR). C16-PAF exhibits anti-apoptotic effect and inhibits caspase-dependent death by activating the PAFR. C16-PAF is a potent MAPK and MEK/ERK activator. C16-PAF induces increased vascularpermeability .
Hydroxytyrosol (DOPET; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenethyl alcohol) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable multi-active compound with multiple effects including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-platelet aggregation, and neuroprotective activities. Hydroxytyrosol not only inhibits the growth of Vibrio by increasing bacterial membrane permeability, but also interacts with DNA and mediates supercoiled DNA relaxation. Meanwhile, Hydroxytyrosol effectively reduces thrombosis and inhibits lipid oxidation by inhibiting COX activity and promoting vascular nitric oxide production. In terms of neuroprotection, Hydroxytyrosol significantly alleviates neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses by up-regulating the expression level of ERβ, thereby improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease models. Hydroxytyrosol has been widely used in scientific research related to Vibrio infection, arterial thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease and other related fields .
Bradykinin is an effective endothelium-dependent vasodilator that can lower blood pressure. Bradykinin can induce contraction of bronchial and intestinal non-vascular smooth muscle, increase vascularpermeability, and participate in the mechanism of pain .
Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester) is an orally effective, blood-brain barrier-permeable, competitive prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor that inhibits the hydroxylation modification of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) by PHD. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate stabilizes HIF-1α by inhibiting PHD, activates downstream pathways to induce autophagy and apoptosis of tumor cells, and regulates inflammatory responses, inhibits the NF-κB pathway, improves vascularpermeability, and promotes osteoblast differentiation. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate has anti-tumor, anti-hypoxic injury, and bone metabolism regulation effects. It can also be used in the research of cardiovascular protection (such as reducing myocardial ischemic damage), bone tissue engineering (promoting osteogenesis/inhibiting osteoclast differentiation), and prevention and treatment of high-altitude cerebral edema .
Hydroxytyrosol acetate is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable multi-active compound with multiple effects including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-platelet aggregation, and neuroprotective activities. Hydroxytyrosol acetate not only inhibits the growth of Vibrio by increasing bacterial membrane permeability, but also interacts with DNA and mediates supercoiled DNA relaxation. Meanwhile, Hydroxytyrosol acetate effectively reduces thrombosis and inhibits lipid oxidation by inhibiting COX activity and promoting vascular nitric oxide production. In terms of neuroprotection, Hydroxytyrosol acetate significantly alleviates neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses by up-regulating the expression level of ERβ, thereby improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease models. Hydroxytyrosol acetate has been widely used in scientific research related to Vibrio infection, arterial thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease and other related fields .
Hydroxytyrosol (Standard) (DOPET (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Hydroxytyrosol (HY-N0570). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hydroxytyrosol is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable multi-active compound with multiple effects including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-platelet aggregation, and neuroprotective activities. Hydroxytyrosol not only inhibits the growth of Vibrio by increasing bacterial membrane permeability, but also interacts with DNA and mediates supercoiled DNA relaxation. Meanwhile, Hydroxytyrosol effectively reduces thrombosis and inhibits lipid oxidation by inhibiting COX activity and promoting vascular nitric oxide production. In terms of neuroprotection, Hydroxytyrosol significantly alleviates neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses by up-regulating the expression level of ERβ, thereby improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease models. Hydroxytyrosol has been widely used in scientific research related to Vibrio infection, arterial thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease and other related fields .
Isotoosendanin is an orally active TGFβR1 inhibitor and abrogating its kinase activity (IC50 = 6732 nM). Isotoosendanin inhibits the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway by directly targeting SHP-2, enhancing its stability, and reducing its ubiquitination. Isotoosendanin inhibits TGF-β-induced reduces the migration, invasion, and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Isotoosendanin exhibits anti-tumor efficacy in TNBC xenograft models and A549 xenograft tumors. Isotoosendanin exhibits significant anti-inflammatory effects in acetic acid-induced vascularpermeability and λ-carrageenan-induced hind paw edema tests. Isotoosendanin can be used for the study of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), TNBC and inflammation .
C16-PAF (Standard) is the analytical standard of C16-PAF. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. C16-PAF (PAF (C16)), a phospholipid mediator, is a platelet-activating factor and ligand for PAF G-protein-coupled receptor (PAFR). C16-PAF exhibits anti-apoptotic effect and inhibits caspase-dependent death by activating the PAFR. C16-PAF is a potent MAPK and MEK/ERK activator. C16-PAF induces increased vascularpermeability .
Hydroxytyrosol acetate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hydroxytyrosol (HY-N0570). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hydroxytyrosol acetate is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable multi-active compound with multiple effects including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-platelet aggregation, and neuroprotective activities. Hydroxytyrosol acetate not only inhibits the growth of Vibrio by increasing bacterial membrane permeability, but also interacts with DNA and mediates supercoiled DNA relaxation. Meanwhile, Hydroxytyrosol acetate effectively reduces thrombosis and inhibits lipid oxidation by inhibiting COX activity and promoting vascular nitric oxide production. In terms of neuroprotection, Hydroxytyrosol acetate significantly alleviates neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses by up-regulating the expression level of ERβ, thereby improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease models. Hydroxytyrosol acetate has been widely used in scientific research related to Vibrio infection, arterial thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease and other related fields .
Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Standard) (Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (HY-W016409). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester) is an orally effective, blood-brain barrier-permeable, competitive prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor that inhibits the hydroxylation modification of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) by PHD. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate stabilizes HIF-1α by inhibiting PHD, activates downstream pathways to induce autophagy and apoptosis of tumor cells, and regulates inflammatory responses, inhibits the NF-κB pathway, improves vascularpermeability, and promotes osteoblast differentiation. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate has anti-tumor, anti-hypoxic injury, and bone metabolism regulation effects. It can also be used in the research of cardiovascular protection (such as reducing myocardial ischemic damage), bone tissue engineering (promoting osteogenesis/inhibiting osteoclast differentiation), and prevention and treatment of high-altitude cerebral edema .
1-O-Tigloyl-1-O-debenzoylohchinal is an orally active limonoid-type triterpenoid anti-inflammatory and peripheral analgesic agent isolated from the fruits of Melia toosendan. 1-O-Tigloyl-1-O-debenzoylohchinal significantly inhibits acetic acid (HY-Y0319)-induced increase in vascularpermeability, λ-Carrageenan (HY-N9470)-induced paw edema, and acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice. 1-O-Tigloyl-1-O-debenzoylohchinal shows no significant analgesic effect in the hot-plate test, and acts mainly on the peripheral rather than the central nervous system. 1-O-Tigloyl-1-O-debenzoylohchinal can be widely used in the research of acute or chronic inflammation, stomachache and other related diseases .
The VEGF164 protein is a growth factor critical for vasculogenesis, vasculogenesis, and endothelial cell growth, inducing proliferation, promoting migration, inhibiting apoptosis, and enhancing vascular permeability. It binds to FLT1/VEGFR1, KDR/VEGFR2, heparan sulfate, heparin, NRP1 and DEAR/FBXW7-AS1 receptors. VEGF164 Protein, Rat (P.pastoris) is the recombinant rat-derived VEGF164 protein, expressed by P. pastoris , with tag free and A36T mutation.
VEGF183 Protein is a subtype of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A). VEGF-A is a key member of the VEGF family of cytokines that can promote neovascularization and increase vascular permeability. VEGF183 Protein, Human (sf9) is the recombinant human-derived VEGF183 protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with tag free. The total length of VEGF183 Protein, Human (sf9) is 183 a.a., with molecular weight of ~21 KDa.
The VEGF-A protein is a multifunctional growth factor that is essential for promoting angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and endothelial cell growth. Its multiple effects include inducing endothelial cell proliferation, promoting migration, inhibiting apoptosis, and increasing vascular permeability. VEGF-A Protein, Rabbit (His-SUMO) is the recombinant Rabbit-derived VEGF-A protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-SUMO, N-6*His labeled tag.
VEGF121 Protein is a subtype of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A). VEGF-A is a key member of the VEGF family of cytokines that can promote neovascularization and increase vascular permeability. VEGF121 Protein, Human (121a.a, HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived VEGF121 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of VEGF121 Protein, Human (121a.a, HEK293, His) is 121 a.a., with molecular weight of 16-18 kDa.
The VEGF-A protein is a multifunctional growth factor that is essential for promoting angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and endothelial cell growth. Its multiple effects include inducing endothelial cell proliferation, promoting migration, inhibiting apoptosis, and increasing vascular permeability. VEGF-A Protein, Rabbit (P. pastoris, His) is the recombinant Rabbit-derived VEGF-A protein, expressed by P. pastoris , with N-6*His labeled tag.
The VEGF164 protein is a growth factor critical for vasculogenesis, vasculogenesis, and endothelial cell growth, inducing proliferation, promoting migration, inhibiting apoptosis, and enhancing vascular permeability. It binds to FLT1/VEGFR1, KDR/VEGFR2, heparan sulfate, heparin, NRP1 and DEAR/FBXW7-AS1 receptors. VEGF164 Protein, Rat (sf9) is the recombinant rat-derived VEGF164 protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with tag free.
VEGF-A Protein is a key member of the VEGF family of cytokines.VEGF-A participates in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and endothelial cell growth, inducing endothelial cell proliferation, promoting cell migration, inhibiting cell apoptosis, and inducing vascular permeability.VEGF-A stimulates endothelial cell mitogenesis and cell migration.VEGF164 Protein, Mouse (P.pastoris) is the recombinant mouse-derived VEGF164 protein, expressed by P.pastoris , with tag free.
The VEGF-A protein is a multifunctional growth factor that is essential for promoting angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and endothelial cell growth. Its multiple effects include inducing endothelial cell proliferation, promoting migration, inhibiting apoptosis, and increasing vascular permeability. VEGF-A Protein, Pig (His) is the recombinant pig-derived VEGF-A protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) is a key member of the VEGF family of cytokines that can promote neovascularization and increase vascular permeability. VEGF206 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived VEGF206 protein, expressed by E. coli, with N-6*His labeled tag.
The VEGF-A protein is a multifunctional growth factor that is essential for promoting angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and endothelial cell growth. Its multiple effects include inducing endothelial cell proliferation, promoting migration, inhibiting apoptosis, and increasing vascular permeability. Animal-Free VEGF Protein, Pig (His) is the recombinant pig-derived animal-FreeVEGF protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. This product is for cell culture use only.
The VEGFR-1 protein is a tyrosine protein kinase that acts as a cell surface receptor for VEGFA, VEGFB, and PGF. It plays a crucial role in embryonic vasculature development, regulation of angiogenesis, cell survival, migration, macrophage function, chemotaxis, and cancer cell invasion. VEGFR-1 Protein, Human (HEK293, Fc) is the recombinant human-derived VEGFR-1 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-hFc labeled tag.
Leukotriene D4-d5 is the deuterium labeled Leukotriene D4. Leukotriene D4 is one of the constituents of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) produced by the metabolism of LTC4 by γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. Leukotriene D4 is the first cysteinyl-leukotriene metabolite of LTC4. Leukotriene D4-induced bronchoconstriction and enhanced vascularpermeability contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma and acute hypersensitivity.
Ceramide 3-d3 (N-Stearoyl phytosphingosine-d3) is deuterium labeled Ceramide 3. Ceramide 3 is an orally active major component of intercellular lipids in the stratum corneum of the skin, and belongs to the ceramide family. Ceramide 3 inhibits c-jun and NF-κB activation induced by Histamine (HY-B1204), and suppresses the expression of IL-4 and TNF-α. Ceramide 3 inhibits scratching behavior and vascularpermeability in mice, and exhibits antihistamine effects in guinea pig ileum. Ceramide 3 improves skin barrier function, reduces transepidermal water loss, erythema and the number of circulating epidermal cells, and accelerates barrier repair of irritated or dysfunctional skin.
Hydroxytyrosol-d4 (DOPET-d4) is the deuterium labeled Hydroxytyrosol (HY-N0570). Hydroxytyrosol is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable multi-active compound with multiple effects including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-platelet aggregation, and neuroprotective activities. Hydroxytyrosol not only inhibits the growth of Vibrio by increasing bacterial membrane permeability, but also interacts with DNA and mediates supercoiled DNA relaxation. Meanwhile, Hydroxytyrosol effectively reduces thrombosis and inhibits lipid oxidation by inhibiting COX activity and promoting vascular nitric oxide production. In terms of neuroprotection, Hydroxytyrosol significantly alleviates neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses by up-regulating the expression level of ERβ, thereby improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease models. Hydroxytyrosol has been widely used in scientific research related to Vibrio infection, arterial thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease and other related fields .
Hydroxytyrosol-d5 (DOPET-d5) is the deuterium labeled Hydroxytyrosol (HY-N0570). Hydroxytyrosol is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable multi-active compound with multiple effects including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-platelet aggregation, and neuroprotective activities. Hydroxytyrosol not only inhibits the growth of Vibrio by increasing bacterial membrane permeability, but also interacts with DNA and mediates supercoiled DNA relaxation. Meanwhile, Hydroxytyrosol effectively reduces thrombosis and inhibits lipid oxidation by inhibiting COX activity and promoting vascular nitric oxide production. In terms of neuroprotection, Hydroxytyrosol significantly alleviates neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses by up-regulating the expression level of ERβ, thereby improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease models. Hydroxytyrosol has been widely used in scientific research related to Vibrio infection, arterial thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease and other related fields .
RPP-(Gly-1 13C2, 15N)-FSPFR TFA is 13C- and 15N-labeled Bradykinin (HY-P0206). Bradykinin is an effective endothelium-dependent vasodilator that can lower blood pressure. Bradykinin can induce contraction of bronchial and intestinal non-vascular smooth muscle, increase vascularpermeability, and participate in the mechanism of pain .
Ethyl 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate- 13C3 (Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester- 13C3) is the 13C-labeled Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (HY-W016409). Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester) is an orally effective, blood-brain barrier-permeable, competitive prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor that inhibits the hydroxylation modification of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) by PHD. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate stabilizes HIF-1α by inhibiting PHD, activates downstream pathways to induce autophagy and apoptosis of tumor cells, and regulates inflammatory responses, inhibits the NF-κB pathway, improves vascularpermeability, and promotes osteoblast differentiation. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate has anti-tumor, anti-hypoxic injury, and bone metabolism regulation effects. It can also be used in the research of cardiovascular protection (such as reducing myocardial ischemic damage), bone tissue engineering (promoting osteogenesis/inhibiting osteoclast differentiation), and prevention and treatment of high-altitude cerebral edema .
Dextran 70,000 is a high molecular weight polysaccharide formed by glucose linked by α-(1→6) glycosidic bonds. Dextran 70,000 can expand blood volume through colloidal osmotic pressure effect and inhibit cell adhesion and platelet aggregation through steric hindrance. At the same time, Dextran 70,000 can be used as a drug carrier to achieve targeted delivery through endocytosis. Dextran 70,000 is biologically inert and has low immunogenicity. It can be used for clinical blood volume expansion, anti-thrombotic research, and evaluation of vascularpermeability in in vitro experiments. It can also be combined with fluorescent dyes for cell tracking and drug delivery research. The Dextran series of compounds are also natural polysaccharide drug carriers that can be connected to drugs through covalent bonding methods such as ester bonds, amide bonds or click chemistry, or self-assembled to form carriers such as nanoparticles and hydrogels. Dextran is biodegradable and biocompatible, and can achieve targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs. Dextran derivatives can prolong the half-life of drugs, increase local concentrations, and reduce the activity of immune clearance.
Human VEGFC mRNA encodes the human vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) protein, a member of the platelet-derived growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (PDGF/VEGF) family. VEGFC promotes angiogenesis and endothelial cell growth, and can also affect the permeability of blood vessels.
Human BTC mRNA encodes the human betacellulin (BTC) protein, a member of the epidermal growth factor family. BTC promotes pancreatic cell proliferation and insulin secretion, as well as retinal vascularpermeability.
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Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
MedchemExpress Validation 03
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
MedchemExpress Validation 04
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
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