TGF-beta/Smad
Transforming growth factor beta
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a member of a superfamily of pleiotropic proteins that regulate multiple cellular processes such as growth, development and differentiation. The intracellular effectors of TGF-beta signalling, the Smad proteins, are activated by receptors and translocate into the nucleus, where they regulate transcription. Although this pathway is inherently simple, combinatorial interactions in the heteromeric receptor and Smad complexes, receptor-interacting and Smad-interacting proteins, and cooperation with sequence-specific transcription factors allow substantial versatility and diversification of TGF-beta family responses. Other signalling pathways further regulate Smad activation and function.
In addition, TGF-beta receptors activate Smad-independent pathways that not only regulate Smad signalling, but also allow Smad-independent TGF-beta responses. Aberrant TGF-β signaling is associated with a variety of diseases, such as fibrosis, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Hence, the TGF-β signaling pathway is recognized as a potential drug target.
TGF-beta/Smad Isoform Specific Products
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TGF-beta/Smad Inhibitors
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TGF-beta/Smad Agonists
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TGF-beta/Smad Antagonist
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TGF-beta/Smad Activators
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TGF-beta/Smad Modulators
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TGF-beta/Smad Inducers
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TGF-beta/Smad Control
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TGF-β1 Proteins
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TGF-β2 Proteins
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TGF-β3 Proteins
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Smad Family Proteins
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SMAD2 Proteins
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SMAD3 Proteins
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SMAD4 Proteins
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SMAD5 Proteins
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TGF-β Proteins
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TGF-beta/Smad Related Products (285)
Related Products (285)
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Recombinant Proteins (62)
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Antibodies (18)
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TGF-beta/Smad Isoform Comparison
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Kaempferol 3-O-gentiobioside
0 ImagesKaempferol 3-O-gentiobioside is an orally active flavonoid, with a Ka value of 57 µM against human NOTCH1 and an IC50 value of 50 μM against α-glucosidase. Kaempferol 3-O-gentiobioside inhibits the NOTCH signaling pathway. It downregulates the expression of TLR4 and NLRP3, and suppresses the activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Kaempferol 3-O-gentiobioside inhibits the expression of MUC5AC, reduces nitrite and ROS levels, and attenuates excessive mucus secretion. It exhibits antibacterial activity, reducing the formation and growth of MRSA biofilms. Kaempferol 3-O-gentiobioside blocks the TGF-β/ALK5/Smad signaling pathway and inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition. It suppresses the proliferation, migration, invasion and metastatic growth of tumor cells. Kaempferol 3-O-gentiobioside alleviates airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in mice with allergic asthma. It reduces the volume of ovarian cancer xenografts in mice. Kaempferol 3-O-gentiobioside can be used in research related to allergic asthma, diabetes, MRSA infection, breast cancer, gastric cancer and ovarian cancer.
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TGFβ-IN-2
0 ImagesTGFβ-IN-2 is an orally active TGF-β inhibitor. TGFβ-IN-2 suppresses the TGF-β-induced protein expression of COL1A1, α-SMA, and p-Smad3 in vitro. TGFβ-IN-2 demonstrates excellent anti-fibrotic efficacy in Bleomycin (HY-108345)-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. TGFβ-IN-2 can be used for the study of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Nisevokitug
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P990009CAS No.: 2649854-92-0Synonyms: NIS-793Nisevokitug (NIS-793) is a humanized IgG2λ monoclonal antibody and an inhibitor of the TGF-β signaling pathway. Nisevokitug blocks the binding of TGF-β to the membrane-bound TGF-βR1/TGF-βR2 receptors, inhibits both Smad-dependent and Smad-independent downstream cascade signaling, downregulates fibrosis-related genes, and reverses the TGF-β-mediated immunosuppressive microenvironment. Nisevokitug can be used in the research of diseases such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, myelofibrosis, and myelodysplastic syndrome.
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Hydrochlorothiazide (Standard)
0 ImagesHydrochlorothiazide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hydrochlorothiazide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), an orally active diuretic agent of the thiazide class, inhibits transforming TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Hydrochlorothiazide has direct vascular relaxant effects via opening of the calcium-activated potassium (KCA) channel. Hydrochlorothiazide improves cardiac function, reduces fibrosis and has antihypertensive effect.
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Anti-GREM1/Gremlin Antibody
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P990426Purity: 98.59%The Anti-GREM1/Gremlin Antibody is a humanized antibody expressed in CHO that targets GREM1/Gremlin. The Anti-GREM1/Gremlin Antibody has a huIgG4SP heavy chain and a huκ light chain, with a predicted molecular weight (MW) of 150 kDa. The isotype control for the Anti-GREM1/Gremlin Antibody can refer to Human IgG4 kappa, Isotype Control (HY-P99003).
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MY-673
0 ImagesMY-673 is a colchicine binding site inhibitor (CBSI), that inhibits tubulin polymerization. MY-673 inhibits the ERK signaling pathway, which in turn affects SMAD4 protein expression levels in the TGF-β/SMAD pathway. MY-673 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and induced apoptosis in vivo and in vitro.
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Myostatin inhibitory peptide 2
0 ImagesMyostatin inhibitory peptide 2 (compd 2) is a myostatin inhibitor with a Kd of 35.9 nM. Myostatin inhibitory peptide 2 can be used for researches of muscle atrophic disorders.
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Myristoyl tetrapeptide-12 dihydrochloride
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-W108953APurity: 99.88%Myristoyl tetrapeptide-12 dihydrochloride is a peptide containing lysine and alanin. Myristoyl tetrapeptide-12 dihydrochloride is utilized as hair cair preparations agent in cosmetics industry.
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CIB-L43
0 ImagesCIB-L43 is an orally active TRBP inhibitor (KD = 4.78 nM) and enhances disruption of TRBP-Dicer interactions (IC50 = 2.34 μM). CIB-L43 suppresses oncogenic miR-21 biosynthesis, increasing PTEN and Smad7 expression and inhibiting AKT and TGF-β signaling, thereby reducing HCC cell proliferation and migration.
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Luspatercept (mIgG2a)
0 ImagesSynonyms: RAP-536Luspatercept (mIgG2a) (RAP-536) is a fusion protein, consisting of a modified extracellular domain of human ActRIIB linked to the murine IgG2a Fc domain. Luspatercept (mIgG2a) inhibits Smad2/3 signaling, promotes differentiation of late-stage erythroid precursors and mitigates ineffective erythropoiesis (IE) in murine β-thalassemia. Luspatercept (mIgG2a) reduces anemia, α-globin aggregates, hemolysis, and disease complications of IE such as iron overload, splenomegaly, and bone defects.
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Psicose
0 ImagesSynonyms: DL-PsicosePsicose (DL-Psicose) is an orally effective sugar substitute. Psicose activates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to promote muscle synthesis. Psicose upregulates IGF-1 and downregulates Myostatin. Psicose normalizes mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing G6P activity. Psicose enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduces oxidative stress markers. Psicose increases muscle mass, grip strength and muscle weight in aged mice and diet-induced obese mice. Psicose improves obesity and type 2 diabetes. Psicose can be used in the research of age-related sarcopenia.
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Itacnosertib hydrochloride
0 ImagesSynonyms: TP-0184 hydrochloride
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Pentabromophenol
0 ImagesSynonyms: PBPPentabromophenol (PBP) is a brominated flame retardant (BFR) widely used in various consumer products to reduce the flammability of materials used in different utility items. Pentabromophenol can accelerate the degradation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptors by promoting clathrin-mediated endocytosis, thereby inhibiting the TGF-β signaling pathway. Additionally, Pentabromophenol can also induce apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
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Cathepsin S, human
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-E70226CAS No.: 71965-46-3Synonyms: CTSSHuman Cathepsin S (CTSS) is a cysteine protease with elastinolytic activity. Human Cathepsin S is inhibited by cysteine protease inhibitors such as E-64 (HY-15282) and cystatin C. Human Cathepsin S cleaves substrates including elastin, TGF-β1, Myelin basic protein (HY-P1821), PAR2, SIRT1, collagen 18A1, FKN, and MHC-II invariant chain fragments, thereby driving processes such as elastic matrix degradation, TGF-β1 signaling, demyelination, PAR2-mediated calcium mobilization, NF-κB activation, hepatic fibrosis, immune homeostasis regulation, and antigen presentation. Human Cathepsin S can be used in the research of cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney diseases, autoimmune diseases, tumors, Alzheimer's disease, and obesity.
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Hydrochlorothiazid-d2
0 ImagesSynonyms: HCTZ-d2Hydrochlorothiazid-d2 is the deuterium labeled Hydrochlorothiazide. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), an orally active diuretic agent of the thiazide class, inhibits transforming TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Hydrochlorothiazide has direct vascular relaxant effects via opening of the calcium-activated potassium (KCA) channel. Hydrochlorothiazide improves cardiac function, reduces fibrosis and has antihypertensive effect.
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CCT365623 hydrochloride
0 ImagesCCT365623 hydrochloride is an orally active lysyl oxidase (LOX) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.89 μM. CCT365623 hydrochloride suppresses EGFR (pY1068) and AKT phosphorylation driven by EGF. CCT365623 hydrochloride is extremely well tolerated, and has good pharmacokinetic properties.
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Hydrochlorothiazide-13C6
0 ImagesSynonyms: HCTZ-13C6Hydrochlorothiazide-13C6 is the 13C labeled Hydrochlorothiazide. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), an orally active diuretic agent of the thiazide class, inhibits transforming TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Hydrochlorothiazide has direct vascular relaxant effects via opening of the calcium-activated potassium (KCA) channel. Hydrochlorothiazide improves cardiac function, reduces fibrosis and has antihypertensive effect.
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Mogroside III-E
0 ImagesMogroside III-E is a cucurbitane-type triterpenoid glycoside extracted from Siraitia grosvenorii, and it is an orally active TLR4 inhibitor. Mogroside III-E downregulates the expression of TLR4 and MyD88, and blocks the phosphorylation of downstream ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK molecules; meanwhile, it inhibits TGF-β- or LPS-mediated transdifferentiation of primary pulmonary fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, reduces the content of fibrosis markers such as hydroxyproline, suppresses the pro-fibrotic TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, and downregulates the levels of inflammatory factors MPO and IL-1β. Mogroside III-E alleviates Bleomycin (HY-108345)-induced pulmonary collagen deposition and inflammatory infiltration in mice. Mogroside III-E can be used in studies related to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
