2. PI3K/Akt/mTOR Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK TGF-beta/Smad Stem Cell/Wnt Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. PI3K mTOR Akt IGF-1R TGF-beta/Smad Mitochondrial Metabolism
  4. Psicose

Psicose (DL-Psicose) is an orally effective sugar substitute. Psicose activates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to promote muscle synthesis. Psicose upregulates IGF-1 and downregulates Myostatin. Psicose normalizes mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing G6P activity. Psicose enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduces oxidative stress markers. Psicose increases muscle mass, grip strength and muscle weight in aged mice and diet-induced obese mice. Psicose improves obesity and type 2 diabetes. Psicose can be used in the research of age-related sarcopenia.

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Psicose

Psicose Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 23140-52-5

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Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in Water
ready for reconstitution
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Description

Psicose (DL-Psicose) is an orally effective sugar substitute. Psicose activates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to promote muscle synthesis. Psicose upregulates IGF-1 and downregulates Myostatin. Psicose normalizes mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing G6P activity. Psicose enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduces oxidative stress markers. Psicose increases muscle mass, grip strength and muscle weight in aged mice and diet-induced obese mice. Psicose improves obesity and type 2 diabetes. Psicose can be used in the research of age-related sarcopenia[1].

In Vivo

Psicose (3% (w/w); p.o.; ad libitum daily; 12 weeks) improves age-associated sarcopenia in aged male C57BL/6J mice, as evidenced by increased muscle mass and grip strength, normalized muscle protein synthesis/degradation markers, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, and improved metabolic parameters[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: C57BL/6J (male, 48 weeks old)[1]
Dosage: 3% (w/w)
Administration: p.o.; ad libitum daily; 12 weeks
Result: Reduced final body weight to 37.59 g, total body weight gain to 1.36 g, and food efficiency ratio to 0.00, all significantly lower than controls.
Reduced liver weight to 3.71 g per 100 g BW, and increased kidney weight to 1.10 g per 100 g BW compared to controls.
Increased left hind leg thickness significantly at weeks 8 and 12 compared to controls.
Increased grip strength (normalized to body weight) significantly compared to controls.
Increased right quadriceps, left quadriceps, and left anterior tibialis weights (normalized to body weight) significantly compared to controls.
Increased muscle fiber cross-sectional area significantly, and reduced muscle collagen (% area) significantly to levels matching young control mice.
Increased insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) protein expression significantly, and suppressed myostatin protein expression significantly compared to controls.
Increased mRNA expression of myogenic transcription factor genes Myf5, Myf6, and Myogenin significantly compared to controls.
Increased protein levels of Akt, phosphorylated Akt, PI3K, phosphorylated PI3K, AMPK, phosphorylated AMPK, mTOR, and PGC1-α significantly compared to controls.
Upregulated mRNA expression of CISH and CerS1 significantly, and downregulated mRNA expression of Adiponectin, Adipsin, CIDEC, Haptoglobin, Neuronatin, and SCD1 significantly in gastrocnemius tissue compared to controls.
Increased hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase levels and mitochondrial complex IV activity significantly compared to controls.
Reduced hepatic triglyceride levels significantly compared to controls.
Increased hepatic GSH, PON, and GR activities, plus plasma PON activity, significantly compared to controls.
Reduced hepatic H2O2 content significantly compared to controls.
Reduced fasting blood glucose at week 12 significantly compared to controls.
Reduced visceral fat and total adipose tissue weights (normalized to body weight) significantly, and increased the total muscle tissue to total adipose tissue weight ratio significantly compared to controls.
Molecular Weight

180.16

Formula

C6H12O6
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

OCC([C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO)=O
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

H2O : 100 mg/mL (555.06 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 5.5506 mL 27.7531 mL 55.5062 mL
5 mM 1.1101 mL 5.5506 mL 11.1012 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
H2O 1 mM 5.5506 mL 27.7531 mL 55.5062 mL 138.7655 mL
5 mM 1.1101 mL 5.5506 mL 11.1012 mL 27.7531 mL
10 mM 0.5551 mL 2.7753 mL 5.5506 mL 13.8766 mL
15 mM 0.3700 mL 1.8502 mL 3.7004 mL 9.2510 mL
20 mM 0.2775 mL 1.3877 mL 2.7753 mL 6.9383 mL
25 mM 0.2220 mL 1.1101 mL 2.2202 mL 5.5506 mL
30 mM 0.1850 mL 0.9251 mL 1.8502 mL 4.6255 mL
40 mM 0.1388 mL 0.6938 mL 1.3877 mL 3.4691 mL
50 mM 0.1110 mL 0.5551 mL 1.1101 mL 2.7753 mL
60 mM 0.0925 mL 0.4626 mL 0.9251 mL 2.3128 mL
80 mM 0.0694 mL 0.3469 mL 0.6938 mL 1.7346 mL
100 mM 0.0555 mL 0.2775 mL 0.5551 mL 1.3877 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Psicose23140-52-5DL-PsicosePI3KmTORAktIGF-1RTGF-beta/SmadMitochondrial MetabolismPhosphoinositide 3-kinaseMammalian target of RapamycinPKBProtein kinase BInsulin-like growth factor-1 receptorTransforming growth factor betaantioxidant enzymemyostatinmTOR pathwayC57BL/6J miceage-associated sarcopeniagastrocnemius muscleaged micemTOR signalingdiet-induced obese miceIGF-1Inhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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