Insulin Receptor Antibody (YA3666)

Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein; Late endosome; Lysosome

Tissue_specificity:Both the long and short subtypes are primarily expressed in target tissues involved in insulin metabolism, including the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle, but are also expressed in peripheral nerves, kidneys, alveoli, pancreatic acini, placental vascular endothelial cells, fibroblasts, monocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes, and skin. The short subtype is preferentially expressed in fetal cells (such as fetal fibroblasts) , muscle, liver, and kidneys. A heterozygous receptor for IGF1R is present in muscle, heart, kidneys, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver cancer, fibroblasts, spleen, and placenta (at the protein level) . It is overexpressed in various tumors, including breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and thyroid cancer.

P06213 has 2 isomers: P06213-1: 156333 Da (predicted); P06213-2: 155146 Da (predicted).
After being transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, the single glycosylated precursor is further glycosylated and then cleaved, followed by its transport to the plasma membrane;Autophosphorylated on tyrosine residues in response to insulin (PubMed:14690593, PubMed:16246733, PubMed:16271887, PubMed:18278056, PubMed:18767165, PubMed:3166375, PubMed:9312016). Phosphorylation of Tyr-999 is required for binding to IRS1, SHC1 and STAT5B (PubMed:14690593, PubMed:16246733, PubMed:16271887, PubMed:18278056, PubMed:18767165, PubMed:3166375, PubMed:9312016). Dephosphorylated by PTPRE at Tyr-999, Tyr-1185, Tyr-1189 and Tyr-1190 (PubMed:14690593, PubMed:16246733, PubMed:16271887, PubMed:18278056, PubMed:18767165, PubMed:3166375, PubMed:9312016). May also be phosphorylated at Tyr-1185 and Tyr-1190 by mTORC2 (PubMed:26584640). Dephosphorylated by PTPRF and PTPN1 (PubMed:8995282). Dephosphorylated by PTPN2; down-regulates insulin-induced signaling (PubMed:10734133, PubMed:12612081). Dephosphorylation at Tyr-1189 and Tyr-1190 requires the SH2/SH3 adapter protein NCK1, probably to recruit its interaction partner PTPN1 (PubMed:21707536);S-nitrosylation at Cys-1083 by BLVRB inhibits the receptor tyrosine kinase, thereby inhibiting insulin signaling;Ubiquitinated by MARCHF1; leading to degradation thereby reducing surface INSR expression

Tetramer of 2 alpha and 2 beta chains linked by disulfide bonds. The alpha chains carry the insulin-binding regions, while the beta chains carry the kinase domain.

P06213

INSR; HHF5