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  5. STING Antibody (YA048)

STING Antibody (YA048) is a Rabbit-derived and non-conjugated IgG monoclonal antibody, targeting to STING.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

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Top Publications Citing Use of Products
  • WB: Western Blot;
  • IHC-P: Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin;
  • IHC-F: Immunohistochemistry-Frozen;
  • ICC/IF: Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence;
  • IF-Tissue: Immunofluorescence-Tissue;
  • mIHC: Multiplex Immunohistochemical;
  • IP: Immunoprecipitation;
  • ChIP: Chromatin Immunoprecipitation;
  • FC: Flow Cytometry;
  • ELISA: Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay

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Description

STING Antibody (YA048) is a Rabbit-derived and non-conjugated IgG monoclonal antibody, targeting to STING.
Host

Rabbit
Clonality

Recombinant, Monoclonal
Molecular Weight
Predicted band size: 42 kDa;
Observed band size: 42 kDa
Note: Due to possible protein modifications or aggregation, the molecular weight should be confirmed by actual measurement, and the predicted value is for reference only.
Species Reactivity
Human
SwissProt ID
Gene ID
Immunogen

Synthetic peptide corresponding to Human TMEM173.AA range:220-379.
Application &
Dilution Ratio
Application Dilution Ratio
WB
WB: Western Blot
1:500-1:1000
FC
FC: Flow Cytometry
1:50-1:100
Sensitivity Endogenous Purity Protein A affinity purified.
Conjugation Non-conjugated Modification Unmodified
Isotype IgG  
Appearance

Liquid
Formulation

Supplied in 1*TBS (pH7.4), 0.05% BSA and 40% Glycerol. Preservative: 0.05% Sodium Azide.
Storage & Stability

Stored at -20°C for 1 year. Avoid repeated freeze / thaw cycles.
Shipping

Shipping with blue ice.
Verification Image
ALL WB FC

  • Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1 (lane 2(20μg) , THP-1 (lane 3(40μg),using STING Antibody (HY-P80350). Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% BSA in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/3000) was used in 5% BSA in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (HY-P8004/HY-P8001, 1/10,000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.

  • Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), THP-1 (lane 3(40μg),using STING Antibody. Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% BSA in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/3000) was used in 5% BSA in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (HY-P8004/HY-P8001, 1/10,000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.

  • Flow cytometric analysis of 1X10^6 THP-1 cells labeling STING Antibody (HY-P80350, red). Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilised with 90% methanol. Then stained with the primary antibody at 1/1000 dilution for an hour at 4℃. Alexa Fluor® 488-conjugated AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HY-P8002) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution for 30 minutes at 4℃. Rabbit IgG Isotype Control (HY-P80879, blue) was used as the isotype control, cells without incubation with primary antibody were used as the unlabeled control (black).

Background
Function：Facilitator of innate immune signaling that acts as a sensor of cytosolic DNA from bacteria and viruses and promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) (PubMed:18724357, PubMed:18818105, PubMed:19433799, PubMed:19776740, PubMed:23027953, PubMed:23747010, PubMed:23910378, PubMed:27801882, PubMed:29973723, PubMed:30842659, PubMed:35045565, PubMed:35388221, PubMed:36808561, PubMed:37832545, PubMed:25704810, PubMed:39255680). Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double-stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm (PubMed:26300263). Acts by binding cyclic dinucleotides: recognizes and binds cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a second messenger produced by bacteria, cyclic UMP-AMP (2',3'-cUAMP), and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a messenger produced by CGAS in response to DNA virus in the cytosol (PubMed:21947006, PubMed:23258412, PubMed:23707065, PubMed:23722158, PubMed:23747010, PubMed:23910378, PubMed:26229117, PubMed:30842659, PubMed:35388221, PubMed:37379839). Upon binding to c-di-GMP, cUAMP or cGAMP, STING1 oligomerizes, translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum and is phosphorylated by TBK1 on the pLxIS motif, leading to recruitment and subsequent activation of the transcription factor IRF3 to induce expression of type I interferon and exert a potent anti-viral state (PubMed:22394562, PubMed:25636800, PubMed:29973723, PubMed:30842653, PubMed:35045565, PubMed:35388221). Exhibits 2',3' phosphodiester linkage-specific ligand recognition: can bind both 2'-3' linked cGAMP (2'-3'-cGAMP) and 3'-3' linked cGAMP but is preferentially activated by 2'-3' linked cGAMP (PubMed:23747010, PubMed:23910378, PubMed:26300263). The preference for 2'-3'-cGAMP, compared to other linkage isomers is probably due to the ligand itself, whichs adopts an organized free-ligand conformation that resembles the STING1-bound conformation and pays low energy costs in changing into the active conformation (PubMed:26150511). In addition to promote the production of type I interferons, plays a direct role in autophagy (PubMed:30568238, PubMed:30842662). Following cGAMP-binding, STING1 buds from the endoplasmic reticulum into COPII vesicles, which then form the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) (PubMed:30842662). The ERGIC serves as the membrane source for WIPI2 recruitment and LC3 lipidation, leading to formation of autophagosomes that target cytosolic DNA or DNA viruses for degradation by the lysosome (PubMed:30842662). Promotes autophagy by acting as a proton channel that directs proton efflux from the Golgi to facilitate MAP1LC3B/LC3B lipidation (PubMed:37535724). The autophagy- and interferon-inducing activities can be uncoupled and autophagy induction is independent of TBK1 phosphorylation (PubMed:30568238, PubMed:30842662). Autophagy is also triggered upon infection by bacteria: following c-di-GMP-binding, which is produced by live Gram-positive bacteria, promotes reticulophagy (By similarity). May be involved in translocon function, the translocon possibly being able to influence the induction of type I interferons (PubMed:18724357). May be involved in transduction of apoptotic signals via its association with the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) (By similarity); (Microbial infection) Antiviral activity is antagonized by oncoproteins, such as papillomavirus (HPV) protein E7 and adenovirus early E1A protein (PubMed:26405230). Such oncoproteins prevent the ability to sense cytosolic DNA (PubMed:26405230)
Subcellular Localization：Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein; Cytoplasm, perinuclear region; Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein; Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein; Cytoplasmic vesicle, autophagosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein; Mitochondrion outer membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein; Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein
Expression：
Tissue_specificity:Widely expressed (PubMed:18724357, PubMed:18818105) . Expressed in skin endothelial cells, type II alveolar cells, bronchial epithelial cells, and alveolar macrophages (PubMed:25029335) .
Subunit：Homodimer; forms a homodimer in absence of cyclic nucleotide (c-di-GMP or cGAMP); 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination at Lys-150 is required for homodimerization (PubMed:19285439, PubMed:22579474, PubMed:22705373, PubMed:22728658, PubMed:22728659, PubMed:22728660, PubMed:30842659). Homotetramer; in presence of cyclic nucleotide (c-di-GMP or cGAMP), forms tetramers and higher-order oligomers through side-by-side packing (PubMed:30842653, PubMed:35388221). Interacts (when phosphorylated) with IRF3; following activation and phosphorylation on the pLxIS motif by TBK1, recruits IRF3 (PubMed:22394562, PubMed:25636800, PubMed:27302953, PubMed:28331227). Interacts with RIGI, MAVS and SSR2 (PubMed:18724357, PubMed:18818105). Interacts with RNF5 and TRIM56 (PubMed:19285439, PubMed:21074459). Interacts with TBK1; when homodimer, leading to subsequent production of IFN-beta (PubMed:19416887). Interacts with IFIT1 and IFIT2 (PubMed:19416887). Interacts with TRIM29; this interaction induces STING1 ubiquitination and subsequent degradation (PubMed:29038422). Associates with the MHC-II complex (By similarity). Interacts with STEEP1; interaction takes place upon cGAMP-activation and STING1 phosphorylation by MAP3K7/TAK1 and promotes STING1 translocation to COPII vesicles (PubMed:32690950, PubMed:37832545). Interacts with SEC24A, SEC24B, and SEC24C; promoting translocation to COPII vesicles (PubMed:30842662, PubMed:32690950). Interacts (when ubiquitinated) with SQSTM1; leading to relocalization to autophagosomes (By similarity). Interacts with SURF4 (PubMed:29251827). Interacts with HNRNPA2B1 (PubMed:31320558). Interacts with ZDHHC1; ZDHHC1 constitutively interacts with STING1 and in presence of DNA viruses activates it by promoting its cGAMP-induced oligomerization and the recruitment of downstream signaling components (PubMed:25299331). Interacts with ZDHHC11; in presence of DNA viruses promotes the recruitment of IRF3 to STING1 (PubMed:28331227). Interacts with TOMM70 (PubMed:20628368). Interacts with isoform IFI16-beta of IFI16 (PubMed:30104205). Interacts with TAB1; promoting recruitment of TAB1 to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and subsequent activation of MAP3K7/TAK1 (PubMed:37832545). Interacts (via transmembrane domain) with TMEM203 (By similarity). Interacts with DDX41 (PubMed:25704810). Interacts with TMEM120A (via C-terminal domain); regulates the trafficking of STING1 from the ER to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment to elicit antiviral effects (PubMed:35013224)
RRID
Database

Entrez Gene: 340061 Human

SwissProt: Q86WV6 Human

OMIM: 615934 Human

Research Field

Immunology
Documentation
SDS (251 KB)

COA (206 KB)

User Guide for Antibodies (1077 KB)

STING Antibody (YA048) Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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