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TRAIL/TNFSF10 Protein, Human

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Based on 2 publication(s) in Google Scholar

TRAIL Protein (TNFSF10), a member of the TNF superfamily, is a type II transmembrane protein. TRAIL Protein mainly interacts with TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2, and induces apoptosis in tumor or infected cells. TRAIL Protein also binds with DR4, DR5, and OPG. TRAIL Protein can recruit FADD and further recruit and activates caspase-8 after binding to DR4 or DR5. Besides, TRAIL may also trigger nonapoptotic signaling through activating pro-inflammatory pathways. TRAIL protein is mainly expressed on surface of immune cells, such as cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cell. TRAIL/TNFSF10 Protein, Human is a recombinant human TRAIL (V114-G281) without any tag, which is expressed in E. coli.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
  • Species: Human
  • Source: E. coli
  • Storage:
    Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.
  • Experimental Validation Results for TRAIL/TNFSF10 Protein, Human
  • Experimental Validation Results for TRAIL/TNFSF10 Protein, Human
  • TRAIL/TNFSF10 Protein, Human Product Image
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  • Biological Activity
  • Technical Parameters
  • Product Properties
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  • References
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Biological Activity

Description

TRAIL Protein (TNFSF10), a member of the TNF superfamily, is a type II transmembrane protein. TRAIL Protein mainly interacts with TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2, and induces apoptosis in tumor or infected cells. TRAIL Protein also binds with DR4, DR5, and OPG. TRAIL Protein can recruit FADD and further recruit and activates caspase-8 after binding to DR4 or DR5. Besides, TRAIL may also trigger nonapoptotic signaling through activating pro-inflammatory pathways[1][2]. TRAIL protein is mainly expressed on surface of immune cells, such as cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cell[1]. TRAIL/TNFSF10 Protein, Human is a recombinant human TRAIL (V114-G281) without any tag, which is expressed in E. coli.

Background

TRAIL Protein (TNFSF10), a member of the TNF superfamily, is a type II transmembrane protein. TRAIL Protein is expressed in various tissues, especially in the spleen, lung, and prostate. TRAIL protein is mainly expressed on surface of immune cells, such as cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cell. TRAIL proteins on NK and T cells is critical for controlling virus infections and tumor immune surveillance[1][2].
Human TRAIL consists of cytoplasmic domain (M1-V17), helical domain (L18-F38), and extracellular domain (T39-G281). Human TRAIL Protein shares < 70% common aa identity with mouse and rat. Mouse TRAIL Protein shares 86.94% common aa identity with rat.
TRAIL Protein mainly interacts with two agonistic TRAIL receptors (TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2) and induces apoptosis in tumor or infected cells. TRAIL Protein also binds with DR4, DR5, and OPG. When binding to DR4 or DR5, TRAIL Protein can recruit FADD and further recruit and activates caspase-8. Besides, TRAIL may also trigger nonapoptotic signaling through activating pro-inflammatory pathways, such as NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK pathway[1][2].
TRAIL induces apoptosis of tumor cells in a p53 independent manner. TRAIL-based therapies has high anti-tumor potential[3].

In Vitro

TRAIL (human, 10 ng/mL-10 μg/mL, 24 h) reduces cell viability of HepG2 cells[4].
TRAIL (human, 1-10 ng, 24 h) induces pathognomic features of asthma and stimulates the production of CCL20 in primary human bronchial epithelium cells[5].

Verified Bioactivity

1.The ED50 is <40 ng/mL as measured by RPMI-8226 cells, corresponding to a specific activity of >2.5 × 104 units/mg.
2.Measured in a cytotoxicity assay using L929 mouse fibroblast cells in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D. The ED50 for this effect is 0.5-3 ng/mL.

Technical Parameters

  • Species Human
  • Source E. coli
  • Tag Tag Free
  • Accession

    P50591 (V114-G281)

  • Gene ID
    8743  [NCBI]
  • Molecular Construction
    • N-term
    • TRAIL (V114-G281)
      Accession # P50591
    • C-term
  • Protein Length

    Partial Extracellular Domain

  • Synonyms

    TNFSF10; APO2L; TNF Superfamily Member 10; Tumor Necrosis Factor (Ligand) Family, Member 10; Apo-2L; Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member; TRAIL; TNF-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand TRAIL; CD253; Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily Member 10; T

  • AA Sequence

    VRERGPQRVAAHITGTRGRSNTLSSPNSKNEKALGRKINSWESSRSGHSFLSNLHLRNGELVIHEKGFYYIYSQTYFRFQEEIKENTKNDKQMVQYIYKYTSYPDPILLMKSARNSCWSKDAEYGLYSIYQGGIFELKENDRIFVSVTNEHLIDMDHEASFFGAFLVG

  • Predicted Molecular Mass

    19.5 kDa

  • Molecular Weight

    Approximately 16-20 kDa, based on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, due to the glycosylation.

  • Purity

    ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Product Properties

Appearance

Lyophilized powder

Formulation

1.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of PBS.
2.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of 50 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 8.0.
Please refer to the lot-specific COA for specific buffer information.
Note: For SPR assay, please replace the buffer. Primary amine components (e.g., Tris, imidazole) can affect protein-coupled chips.

Endotoxin Level

<0.2 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

Reconstitution

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH2O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Storage & Stability

Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

References

[1]. Cardoso Alves L, et al. The multifaceted role of TRAIL signaling in cancer and immunity. FEBS J. 2021 Oct;288(19):5530-5554. [Content Brief]

[2]. Almasan A, et al. Apo2L/TRAIL: apoptosis signaling, biology, and potential for cancer therapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2003 Jun-Aug;14(3-4):337-48. [Content Brief]

[3]. Zhong HH, et al. TRAIL-based gene delivery and therapeutic strategies. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2019 Nov;40(11):1373-1385. [Content Brief]

[4]. Braithwaite, Adam T, et al. "Divergent Roles for TRAIL in Lung Diseases". Frontiers in Medicine. Allan (2018)

[5]. Snajdauf M, et al. The TRAIL in the Treatment of Human Cancer: An Update on Clinical Trials. Front Mol Biosci. 2021 Mar 10;8:628332. [Content Brief]

[6]. Ganten TM, et al. Preclinical differentiation between apparently safe and potentially hepatotoxic applications of TRAIL either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Apr 15;12(8):2640-6. [Content Brief]

[7]. Weckmann M, et al. Critical link between TRAIL and CCL20 for the activation of TH2 cells and the expression of allergic airway disease. Nat Med. 2007 Nov;13(11):1308-15. [Content Brief]

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The Specific Activity Calculator Equation
  • Specific Activity (Unit/mg)
  • Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)

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MOQ
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100 mg

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Measured by its ability to inhibit anti-CD3-induced proliferation of stimulated CTLL-2 mouse cytotoxic T cells. The ED50 this effect is 0.8023 μg/ml, corresponding to a specific activity is 1246.42 units/mg.

Assay Types
  • 1/16

    MedChemExpress Validation
     ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

  • 1/16

    MedChemExpress Validation
     Measured in a cytotoxicity assay using L929 mouse fibroblast cells in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D. The ED50 for this effect is 1.484 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 6.738×105 units/mg.

  • TRAIL/TNFSF10 Protein, Human Product Image
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  • Experimental Validation Results for TRAIL/TNFSF10 Protein, Human
  • Experimental Validation Results for TRAIL/TNFSF10 Protein, Human
  • TRAIL/TNFSF10 Protein, Human Product Image