DMD - dystrophin Gene
Also Known as BMD; CMD3B; MRX85; DXS142; DXS164; DXS206; DXS230; DXS239; DXS268; DXS269; DXS270; DXS272
Species: Homo sapiens
About DMD
This gene has 91 transcripts (splice variants), 257 orthologues, 36 paralogues and is associated with 9 phenotypes. Ubiquitous expression in heart (RPKM 7.1), fat (RPKM 4.3) and 23 other tissues.
Summary
This gene spans a genomic range of greater than 2 Mb and encodes a large protein containing an N-terminal actin-binding domain and multiple spectrin repeats. The encoded protein forms a component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), which bridges the inner Cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. Deletions, duplications, and point mutations at this gene locus may cause Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), or cardiomyopathy. Alternative promoter usage and alternative splicing result in numerous distinct transcript variants and protein isoforms for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2016]
DMD Products (17)
| mRNA | Protein | Name |
|---|---|---|
| NM_000109.4 | NP_000100.3 | dystrophin isoform Dp427c |
| NM_004006.3 | NP_003997.2 | dystrophin isoform Dp427m |
| NM_004009.3 | NP_004000.1 | dystrophin isoform Dp427p1 |
| NM_004010.3 | NP_004001.1 | dystrophin isoform Dp427p2 |
| NM_004011.4 | NP_004002.3 | dystrophin isoform Dp260-1 |
| NM_004012.4 | NP_004003.2 | dystrophin isoform Dp260-2 |
| NM_004013.3 | NP_004004.2 | dystrophin isoform Dp140 |
| NM_004014.3 | NP_004005.2 | dystrophin isoform Dp116 |
| NM_004015.3 | NP_004006.1 | dystrophin isoform Dp71 |
| NM_004016.3 | NP_004007.1 | dystrophin isoform Dp71b |
| NM_004017.3 | NP_004008.1 | dystrophin isoform Dp71a |
| NM_004018.3 | NP_004009.1 | dystrophin isoform Dp71ab |
| NM_004019.3 | NP_004010.1 | dystrophin isoform Dp40 |
| NM_004020.4 | NP_004011.3 | dystrophin isoform Dp140c |
| NM_004021.3 | NP_004012.2 | dystrophin isoform Dp140b |
| NM_004022.3 | NP_004013.2 | dystrophin isoform D140ab |
| NM_004023.3 | NP_004014.2 | dystrophin isoform Dp140bc |
| Molecular Function GO Annotation | Evidence | References | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| enables actin binding |
IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
|
16803572 | GOA |
| enables dystroglycan binding |
IPI
IPI: Inferred from physical interaction
|
7592992 | GOA |
| enables myosin binding |
IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
|
16803572 | GOA |
| enables protein binding |
IPI
IPI: Inferred from physical interaction
|
7844150 | GOA |
| enables structural constituent of muscle |
IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
|
16000376 | GOA |
| enables vinculin binding |
IPI
IPI: Inferred from physical interaction
|
16803572 | GOA |
| Biological Process GO Annotation | Evidence | References | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| involved in cardiac muscle contraction |
IMP
IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype
|
19027585 | GOA |
| involved in peptide biosynthetic process |
IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
|
16000376 | GOA |
| involved in positive regulation of neuron differentiation |
IMP
IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype
|
15149856 | GOA |
| involved in positive regulation of neuron projection development |
IMP
IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype
|
15149856 | GOA |
| involved in protein localization |
IMP
IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype
|
7545544 | GOA |
| involved in regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus |
IMP
IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype
|
15149856 | GOA |
| involved in regulation of heart rate |
IMP
IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype
|
19027585 | GOA |
| Cellular Component GO Annotation | Evidence | References | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| located in cell surface |
IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
|
10867799 | GOA |
| located in costamere |
IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
|
16000376 | GOA |
| part of dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex |
IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
|
17993586 | GOA |
| located in filopodium |
IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
|
16803572 | GOA |
| located in filopodium membrane |
IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
|
16803572 | GOA |
| located in nucleus |
IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
|
15149856 | GOA |
| part of protein-containing complex |
IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
|
18468998 | GOA |
| located in sarcolemma |
IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
|
7545544 | GOA |
DMD Protein Structure
CH: Calponin homology (CH) domain (18 - 118)
CH: Calponin homology (CH) domain (137 - 238)
Spectrin: Spectrin repeat (340 - 446)
Spectrin: Spectrin repeat (450 - 556)
Spectrin: Spectrin repeat (727 - 827)
Spectrin: Spectrin repeat (832 - 933)
Spectrin: Spectrin repeat (943 - 1045)
Spectrin: Spectrin repeat (1049 - 1153)
Spectrin: Spectrin repeat (1162 - 1263)
Spectrin: Spectrin repeat (1572 - 1675)
Spectrin: Spectrin repeat (1679 - 1776)
Spectrin: Spectrin repeat (1877 - 1977)
Spectrin: Spectrin repeat (2000 - 2097)
Spectrin: Spectrin repeat (2105 - 2208)
Spectrin: Spectrin repeat (2213 - 2317)
Spectrin: Spectrin repeat (2474 - 2577)
Spectrin: Spectrin repeat (2584 - 2686)
Spectrin: Spectrin repeat (2690 - 2800)
Spectrin: Spectrin repeat (2935 - 3040)
WW: WW domain (3059 - 3086)
EF-hand_2: EF hand (3087 - 3207)
EF-hand_3: EF-hand (3211 - 3302)
ZZ: Zinc finger, ZZ type (3307 - 3352)
- 0
- 600
- 1200
- 1800
- 2400
- 3000
- 3685 a.a.
| Protein Preferred Names | Protein Names | |
|---|---|---|
|
dystrophin |
|
DMD Protein-protein interaction Information
|
Type
|
Protein Name | Protein ID | Interactor | Interactor Species | Interactor ID | Detection Method | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | DTNB | Homo sapiens | O60941-5 | 32296183 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | HAUS1 | Homo sapiens | Q96CS2 | 25416956 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | HAUS1 | Homo sapiens | Q96CS2 | 33961781 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | HAUS1 | Homo sapiens | Q96CS2 | 28514442 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | HAUS1 | Homo sapiens | Q96CS2 | 25416956 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | SNTB1 | Homo sapiens | Q13884 | 33961781 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | SNTB1 | Homo sapiens | Q13884 | 7844150 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | SNTB1 | Homo sapiens | Q13884 | 28514442 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | SNTB1 | Homo sapiens | Q13884 | 8576247 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | CTNNAL1 | Homo sapiens | Q9UBT7 | 25416956 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | CTNNAL1 | Homo sapiens | Q9UBT7 | 33961781 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | CTNNAL1 | Homo sapiens | Q9UBT7 | 32296183 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | SNTA1 | Homo sapiens | Q13424 | 33961781 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | SNTA1 | Homo sapiens | Q13424 | 28514442 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | SNTA1 | Homo sapiens | Q13424 | 9356463 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | DTNB | Homo sapiens | O60941 | 10545507 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | DTNB | Homo sapiens | O60941 | 9395493 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | DTNB | Homo sapiens | O60941 | 33961781 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | DTNB | Homo sapiens | O60941 | 31515488 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | DTNB | Homo sapiens | O60941 | 25416956 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | DTNB | Homo sapiens | O60941 | 25416956 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | KRT19 | Homo sapiens | P08727 | 16000376 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | KRT19 | Homo sapiens | P08727 | 16000376 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | PICK1 | Homo sapiens | Q9NRD5 | 32296183 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | SNTB2 | Homo sapiens | Q13425 | 8576247 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | SNTB2 | Homo sapiens | Q13425 | 33961781 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | SNTB2 | Homo sapiens | Q13425 | 28514442 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | DTNA | Homo sapiens | Q9Y4J8 | 9356463 | |
|
Intra
|
DMD | P11532 | DTNA | Homo sapiens | Q9Y4J8 | 33961781 |
DMD Antibodies
| Cat. No. | Product Name | Application | Reactivity |
|---|---|---|---|
| HY-P83479 | Dystrophin Antibody (YA3224) | WB | Human, Mouse, Rat |
| HY-P86083 | Dystrophin Antibody (YA5775) | WB, IHC-P, ICC/IF, ELISA | Human, Mouse, Rat |
Related Diseases
| Diseases | Alias | |
|---|---|---|
| Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne Type |
|
|
| Muscular Dystrophy, Becker Type |
|
|
| Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, 3b |
|
|
| Qualitative Or Quantitative Defects Of Dystrophin |
|
|
| Muscular Dystrophy |
|
|
| Symptomatic Form Of Muscular Dystrophy Of Duchenne And Becker In Female Carriers |
|
|
| Interatrial Communication |
|
|
| Isolated Elevated Serum Creatine Phosphokinase Levels |
|
|
| Creatine Phosphokinase, Elevated Serum |
|
|
| Atrial Heart Septal Defect |
|
|
| Myopathy |
|
|
| Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome |
|
|
| Familial Isolated Dilated Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
| Dilated Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
| Non-Syndromic X-Linked Intellectual Disability |
|
|
| Colorectal Cancer |
|
|
| Miyoshi Muscular Dystrophy |
|
|
| Exophthalmos |
|
|
| Ptosis |
|
|
| Glycerol Kinase Deficiency |
|
|
| Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy |
|
|
| Myocarditis |
|
|
| Pectus Excavatum |
|
|
| Dystrophinopathies |
|
|
| Autosomal Recessive Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy |
|
|
| Centronuclear Myopathy |
|
|
| Neuromuscular Disease |
|
|
| Cardioneuromyopathy With Hyaline Masses And Nemaline Rods |
|
|
| Muscle Tissue Disease |
|
|
| Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
| Muscular Dystrophy, Limb-Girdle, Autosomal Recessive 2 |
|
|
| Bethlem Myopathy 1 |
|
|
| Rigid Spine Muscular Dystrophy 1 |
|
|
| Aland Island Eye Disease |
|
|
| Muscular Dystrophy-Dystroglycanopathy , Type A, 4 |
|
|
| Adrenal Hypoplasia, Congenital |
|
|
| Myofibrillar Myopathy |
|
|
| Myositis |
|
|
| Schizophrenia |
|
|
| Batten-Turner Congenital Myopathy |
|
|
| Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa Decalvans, X-Linked |
|
|
| Muscular Disease |
|
|
| Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy |
|
|
| Glycogen Storage Disease Ii |
|
|
| Autism |
|
|
| Walker-Warburg Syndrome |
|
|
| Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy 1 |
|
|
| Malignant Hyperthermia |
|
|
| Autosomal Recessive Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2c |
|
|
| Muscular Dystrophy, Limb-Girdle, Autosomal Recessive 6 |
|
|
| Chromosome Xp21 Deletion Syndrome |
|
|
| Myoglobinuria, Recurrent |
|
|
| Muscular Dystrophy, Limb-Girdle, Autosomal Recessive 7 |
|
|
| Myotonic Dystrophy 1 |
|
|
| Muscular Dystrophy, Congenital, Lmna-Related |
|
|
| Myotonia |
|
|
| Respiratory Failure |
|
|
| Autosomal Recessive Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2d |
|
|
| Cylindrical Spirals Myopathy |
|
|
| Atrial Standstill 1 |
|
|
| Pyloric Stenosis |
|
|
| Muscle Eye Brain Disease |
|
|
| Autosomal Recessive Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2f |
|
|
| Autosomal Recessive Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2b |
|
|
| Axonal Neuropathy |
|
|
| Autosomal Recessive Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2a |
|
|
| Scoliosis |
|
|
| Myopathy, Myofibrillar, 2 |
|
|
| Gas Gangrene |
|
|
| Spinal Muscular Atrophy |
|
|
| Heart Disease |
|
|
| Congenital Muscular Dystrophy-Dystroglycanopathy Type A |
|
|
| Immunodeficiency 26 |
|
|
| Rhabdomyosarcoma |
|
|
| Muscular Dystrophy-Dystroglycanopathy , Type B, 1 |
|
|
| Myopathy, Myofibrillar, 1 |
|
|
| Tibial Muscular Dystrophy |
|
|
| Myopathy, Myofibrillar, 3 |
|
|
| Tyrosinemia, Type I |
|
|
| Myopathy, Centronuclear, X-Linked |
|
|
| Muscular Dystrophy, Congenital Merosin-Deficient, 1a |
|
|
| Childhood Spinal Muscular Atrophy |
|
|
| Ullrich Congenital Muscular Dystrophy 1 |
|
|
| Retinitis Pigmentosa 84 |
|
|
| Glycogen Storage Disease |
|
|
| Cardiomyopathy, Familial Hypertrophic, 1 |
|
|
| Rippling Muscle Disease 2 |
|
|
| Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Type I |
|
|
| Myopathy, Myofibrillar, 5 |
|
|
| Intrinsic Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
| Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy 2, Autosomal Dominant |
|
|
| Bone Structure Disease |
|
|
| Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Type Iii |
|
|
| Myopathy With Extrapyramidal Signs |
|
|
| Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy |
|
|
| Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, 1g |
|
|
| Congenital Fiber-Type Disproportion |
|
|
| Cataract |
|
|
| Chronic Granulomatous Disease |
|
|
| Restrictive Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
| Left Ventricular Noncompaction |
|
|
| Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome |
|
|
| Distal Arthrogryposis |
|
|
| Peripheral Nervous System Disease |
|
|
| Cerebral Palsy |
|
|
| Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
| Brugada Syndrome |
|
|
| Leber Plus Disease |
|
|
| Retinitis Pigmentosa |
|
|
| Fundus Dystrophy |
|
|
| Nervous System Disease |
|
|
Orthologs Information
| Species | Symbol | Source | ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rattus norvegicus | DMD | RGD | RGD:2507 |
| Mus musculus | DMD | MGD | MGI:94909 |
| Canis familiaris | DMD | VGNC | VGNC:54134 |
| Macaca mulatta | DMD | VGNC | VGNC:82090 |