Alpha-phellandrene-induced DNA damage and affect DNA repair protein expression in WEHI-3 murine leukemia cells in vitro

  • Environ Toxicol. 2015 Nov;30(11):1322-30. doi: 10.1002/tox.22003.
Jen-Jyh Lin  1  2 ,  Chih-Chung Wu  3 ,  Shu-Chun Hsu  4 ,  Shu-Wen Weng  1  5 ,  Yi-Shih Ma  6  7 ,  Yi-Ping Huang  8 ,  Jaung-Geng Lin  1 ,  Jing-Gung Chung  4  9
Affiliations
  • 1. Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
  • 2. Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
  • 3. Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, 711, Taiwan.
  • 4. Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
  • 5. Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Taichung, 403, Taiwan.
  • 6. School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 84001, Taiwan.
  • 7. Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan.
  • 8. Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
  • 9. Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan, R.O.C.
PMID: 24861204 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22003
Abstract

Although there are few reports regarding α-phellandrene (α-PA), a natural compound from Schinus molle L. essential oil, there is no report to show that α-PA induced DNA damage and affected DNA repair associated protein expression. Herein, we investigated the effects of α-PA on DNA damage and repair associated protein expression in murine leukemia cells. Flow cytometric assay was used to measure the effects of α-PA on total cell viability and the results indicated that α-PA induced cell death. Comet assay and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride staining were used for measuring DNA damage and condensation, respectively, and the results indicated that α-PA induced DNA damage and condensation in a concentration-dependent manner. DNA gel electrophoresis was used to examine the DNA damage and the results showed that α-PA induced DNA damage in WEHI-3 cells. Western blotting assay was used to measure the changes of DNA damage and repair associated protein expression and the results indicated that α-PA increased p-p53, p-H2A.X, 14-3-3-σ, and MDC1 protein expression but inhibited the protein of p53, MGMT, DNA-PK, and BRCA-1.

Keywords
DNA damage and repair; WEHI-3 leukemia cells; α-phellandrene.
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