Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo antitumour activity study of 11-hydroxyl esterified bergenin/cinnamic acid hybrids

Fourteen bergenin/cinnamic acid hybrids were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their antitumour activity both in vitro and in vivo. The most potent compound, 5c, arrested HepG2 cells (IC₅₀ = 4.23 ± 0.79 μM) in the G2/M phase and induced cellular Apoptosis. Moreover, compound 5c was also found to suppress the tumour growth in Heps xenograft-bearing mice with low toxicity. In the mechanistic study, 5c administration ignited a mitochondria-mediated Apoptosis pathway of HepG2 cell death. Furthermore, 5c activated Akt-dependent pathways and further decreased the expression of the Bcl-2 Family of proteins. The downstream mitochondrial p53 translocation was also significantly activated, accompanied by an increase of the caspase-9, Caspase-3 activation. These data imply that bergenin/cinnamic acid hybrids could serve as novel Akt/Bcl-2 inhibitors for further preclinical studies.