Adipose Tissue-Derived Exosome Maintains Metabolic Balance of Extracellular Matrix in Rat Nucleus Pulposus Cells

  • Int J Nanomedicine. 2025 Feb 24:20:2411-2425. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S504649.
Ruoyu Zhao  1 ,  Lei Ma  2 ,  Joan Li  3 ,  Sen Liu  1 ,  Dalong Yang  2 ,  Guobin Liu  1 ,  Sidong Yang  4
Affiliations
  • 1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
  • 2. Department of Spine Surgery, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
  • 3. Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
  • 4. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
PMID: 40027872 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S504649
Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of adipose tissue-derived exosomes (AT-Exo) on rat nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs).

Methods: Ultracentrifugation was used to extract exosomes from rat adipose tissue. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Western blot, and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) were used to characterize the exosomes. Tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide (TBHP) was used to induce Apoptosis of rat NPCs. Cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay. AT-Exo was administered to investigate its effect on rat NPCs using Western blot and immunofluorescence staining.

Results: AT-Exo was successfully extracted and characterized by NTA, TEM, and Western blots. Uptake assay showed that AT-Exo can be taken up by the NPCs. TBHP (60 μM) resulted in decreased cell viability and increased Apoptosis of NPCs. Interestingly, AT-Exo protected NPCs against TBHP, indicated by increased cell viability, decreased Apoptosis, upregulated Aggrecan and type II Collagen deposition, and downregulated matrix metalloproteinase 3/13.

Conclusion: In summary, rat adipose tissue-derived exosomes can increase the levels of Aggrecan, type II Collagen, and Bcl2, and decrease the levels of matrix metalloproteinase 3/13, cleaved caspase3, and Bax. Therefore, rat adipose tissue-derived exosomes can maintain metabolic balance of extracellular matrix and protect against Apoptosis in rat nucleus pulposus cells.

Keywords
adipose; exosome; extracellular matrix; intervertebral disc degeneration; nucleus pulposus.
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