Pyochelin
Pyochelin is a salicylate-based nonribosomal peptide siderophore produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pyochelin chelates Fe3+ and transports it back into bacterial cells, providing the iron essential for bacterial survival. Pyochelin can also chelate other metals such as Zn2+, Co2+, and Ni2+, which helps bacteria maintain intracellular metal ion homeostasis by chelating and excreting excess metals in response to toxic metal stress. Pyochelin can be used in studies related to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- CAS No.: 79236-62-7
- Formula: C14H16N2O3S2
- Molecular Weight:324.42
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Storage:
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Biological Activity
Description
In Vitro
Pyochelin acts as a low-affinity siderophore for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, chelating Fe3+ with a stability constant of 0.2 μM and mediating its uptake via FptA and FptX, while regulating its own biosynthesis through the PchR and Fur systems[1].
Pyochelin chelates a range of metal ions beyond Fe3+, including Zn2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Mo6+, Ni2+, and Ga3+, mediates low-rate uptake of Co2+ and Ni2+ via FptA, and enhances Pseudomonas aeruginosa tolerance to toxic metals by reducing intracellular metal overload[1].
Pyochelin is a nonribosomal peptide synthesized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa via a multi-enzyme pathway involving PchA, PchB, PchD, PchE, PchF, and PchG, using salicylate and cysteine as precursor molecules[1].
Pyochelin chelates ferric iron for uptake by Pseudomonas aeruginosa via the outer membrane transporter FptA, with inner membrane transport split between direct PCH-Fe3+ translocation via FptX (50% efficiency) and free iron transport via PchHI and FepBCDG, and FptX-mediated uptake triggers an autoregulatory loop for pyochelin synthesis and uptake[2].
Pyochelin forms a complex with intracellular cobalt, which is effluxed from Pseudomonas aeruginosa via the MacB transporter to mitigate cobalt toxicity[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 79236-62-7
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Molecular Weight 324.42
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Formula C14H16N2O3S2
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SMILES
OC1=C(C=CC=C1)C2=N[C@]([H])(CS2)[C@@]3(N([C@@H](CS3)C(O)=O)C)[H]
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Protocols
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Research Protocol for Infectious Diseases
Infectious-disease experiments test how pathogens interact with host barriers, innate immune receptors, inflammatory signaling, pathogen replication, and tissue injury; pattern-recognition receptors such as TLRs, RIG-I-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and inflammasomes detect microbial molecules and activate NF-κB, interferon, and cytokine responses. The central hypothesis is that infection severity reflects the balance between pathogen burden and host response: protective inflammation restricts pathogen growth, whereas excessive or mislocalized inflammation contributes to tissue damage and disease phenotype. Unresolved questions include which host pathways are protective versus pathogenic, why some infection models fail to translate to human disease, and which combined readouts best predict clinically relevant infection outcomes.
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Bacterial live/dead nucleic-acid viability staining
The LIVE/DEAD bacterial viability staining method is based on differential permeability of nucleic-acid-binding fluorescent dyes, most commonly SYTO 9 and propidium iodide (PI), which enables discrimination of bacterial populations with intact versus compromised cytoplasmic membranes. SYTO 9 penetrates both intact and damaged bacterial membranes and binds nucleic acids to produce green fluorescence, whereas propidium iodide penetrates only cells with compromised membranes and fluoresces red while also reducing SYTO 9 signal through competitive binding and fluorescence interactions. The resulting fluorescence pattern is interpreted as a proxy for membrane integrity, which is widely used as an indicator of bacterial viability in microscopy, flow cytometry, and spectroscopic platforms. However, mechanistic studies show that SYTO 9 and PI interactions involve displacement and fluorescence resonance energy transfer effects, which can influence signal interpretation depending on dye ratios a
Purity & Documentation
References
[1].
Ghssein G, Ezzeddine Z. A Review of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Metallophores: Pyoverdine, Pyochelin and Pseudopaline. Biology (Basel). 2022 Nov 25;11(12):1711.
[Content Brief]
[2].
Ma X, et al. Relationship between Pyochelin and Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Direction for Future Research. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Aug 7;25(16):8611.
[Content Brief]
[3].
Mangal S, et al. In vivo efficacy of pyochelin-mediated delivery of zingerone in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced peritonitis. Future Microbiol. 2023 Dec;18:1339-1351.
[Content Brief]
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Pyochelin Related Classifications
HY-W722245 Related Classifications
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