IL-1 beta Protein, Rhesus macaque

IL-1 beta is a potent proinflammatory cytokine expressed by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. IL-1 beta plays a key role in inflammation and immunologic reactions^[1][2].  IL-1 beta Protein, Rhesus macaque consists of 153 amino acids (A117-S269) and is expressed in E. coli.

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is one of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and is produced and secreted by a variety of cell types although the vast majority of studies have focussed on its production within cells of the innate immune system, such as monocytes and macrophages^[1][2].
IL-1β is produced as inactive pro-IL-1β (encoded by pro-Il-1b) in response to inflammatory stimuli, including both microbial products and endogenous danger-associated molecules. IL-1β gene expression and synthesis of pro-IL-1β occurs after activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Inflammatory stimuli also drive activation of cytosolic CARD and PYHIN domain-containing PRRs that recruit ASC and caspase-1 (Casp-1) to assemble into the multiprotein complex inflammasome. Pro-Casp-1 (encoded by pro-Casp-1), activated by the inflammasome, cleaves pro-IL-1β into the bioactive IL-1β. IL-1β acts in an autocrine/paracrine manner via the type I IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1)^[1][2][3].
IL-1β could regulate the inflammatory response, and is involved in a variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. IL-1β also plays a significant regulator of reproduction in females^[1][2][3].

IL-1β (1-15625 pg/mL; 12 hours) dose-dependently increases production of the NF-κB-dependent inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, and a significant effect of IL-1β is observed at concentrations as low as 5 pg/mL in immortalized murine RAW264.7 macrophages^[1].
IL-1β (1, 10 and 100 ng/mL; 24 hours) results in a dose-dependent increase of cell proliferation in pig heart cells. IL-1β increases the gene expression of caspase-3, and increases the enzymatic activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9^[2].

IL-1β (8 ng; i.p.; daily; for 3 days) rescues Casp1^−/− mice, restores survival and reduces lung bacterial load (i.e. days 0, 1, and 2 post-infection) in Chlamydia pneumoniae infected Casp1^−/− mice. Yet, mice treated later (days 2, 3 and 4 post-infection) shows significantly increased bacterial counts relative to early-treated mice^[3].

1. The ED₅₀ is <10 pg/mL as measured by murine D10.G4.1 cells, corresponding to a specific activity of >1.0 × 10⁸ units/mg.
2. Measured in a proliferation assay using CTLL-2 mouse T lymphocytes cells. The ED50 this effect is 1.457 pg/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 6.8634×10^8 units/mg.
3.Measured by its ability to induce Interferon gamma secretion by human natural killer lymphoma NK-92 cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is typically 0.25-1 ng/mL.

• 
  Measured in a proliferation assay using CTLL-2 mouse T lymphocytes cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 1.457 pg/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 6.8634×10⁸ units/mg.

Rhesus Macaque

E. coli

Tag Free

P48090 (A117-S269)

704701  [NCBI]

Full Length of Mature Protein

APVRSLHCTLRDAQLKSLVMSGPYELKALHLQGQDLEQQVVFSMSFVQGEESNDKIPVALGLKAKNLYLSCVLKDDKPTLQLESVDPKNYPKKKMEKRFVFNKIEINNKLEFESAQFPNWYISTSQAENMPVFLGGTRGGQDITDFTMQFVSS

Approximately 18.4 kDa, based on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.

• 
  ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Lyophilized powder.

Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of 50 mM Tris, 5% trehalose, 5% mannitol, 0.01% Tween-80, pH 8.5.
Note: For SPR assay, please replace the buffer. Primary amine components (e.g., Tris, imidazole) can affect protein-coupled chips.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH₂O.

Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. Jan Petrasek, et al. IL-1 receptor antagonist ameliorates inflammasome-dependent alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. J Clin Invest. 2012 Oct;122(10):3476-89.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Karina Zitta, et al. Interleukin-1beta regulates cell proliferation and activity of extracellular matrix remodelling enzymes in cultured primary pig heart cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Sep 3;399(4):542-7.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Kenichi Shimada, et al. Caspase-1 dependent IL-1β secretion is critical for host defense in a mouse model of Chlamydia pneumoniae lung infection. PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e21477.  [Content Brief]