PPP1CB Protein, Human (Active, sf9, GST)

PP1α/β is a protein phosphatase that forms highly specific holoenzymes by associating with over 200 regulatory proteins, targeting hundreds of biological substrates for dephosphorylation. It plays essential roles in cell division, glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility, and protein synthesis, while also regulating ionic conductances and long-term synaptic plasticity. As part of the PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex, PP1α/β contributes to chromatin structure modulation and cell cycle progression during the mitosis-to-interphase transition. Together with CSNK1D and CSNK1E, it determines circadian period length by regulating the phosphorylation rhythm and speed of PER1 and PER2. It may dephosphorylate CSNK1D and CSNK1E. In rheumatoid arthritis patients' regulatory T-cells (Treg), PP1α/β inactivates FOXP3 by dephosphorylating its 'Ser-418' residue, impairing Treg function. Additionally, PP1α/β serves as the core component of the SHOC2-MRAS-PP1c (SMP) holophosphatase complex, which stimulates MAPK pathway activation by dephosphorylating inhibitory sites ('Ser-259' of RAF1, 'Ser-365' of BRAF, and 'Ser-214' of ARAF), enhancing PP1c's substrate specificity and activity.