Spiperone hydrochloride  (Synonyms: Spiroperidol hydrochloride)

Spiperone hydrochloride (Spiroperidol hydrochloride) is a selective dopamine D₂ receptor (K_i values of 0.06 nM, 0.6 nM, 0.08 nM, ~350 nM, ~3500 nM for D₂, D₃, D₄, D₁ and D₅ receptors, respectively) and 5-HT_2A/5-HT_1A receptor (K_is of 1 nM/49 nM) antagonist. Spiperone hydrochloride is also a selective α1B-adrenoceptor antagonist. Spiperone hydrochloride activates calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC). Antipsychotic and anti-inflammatory activities^{[1][2][3][4][5]}.

Spiperone is a potent intracellular Ca²⁺ enhancer (EC₅₀=9.3 μM) and stimulates intracellular Ca²⁺ through a protein tyrosine kinase-coupled phospholipase C-dependent pathway, which results in increased secretion of Cl^- in Calu-3 and CFBE41o^- cell monolayers^[2].
Spiperone significantly decreases the production of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 microglia cells, primary microglia and primary astrocyte cultures. Spiperone also significantly inhibits nitric oxide production in ATP-stimulated primary microglia cultures. Spiperone markedly decreases the production of TNF-α in BV-2 microglia cells. Spiperone attenuates the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α at mRNA levels in BV-2 microglia cells^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Spiperone (1.5 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; on days 1, 3, 6, 7, and 13-21; C57Bl/6 mice) treatment reduces infiltration of the alveolar interstitium and alveolar ducts with inflammatory cells and prevents the growth of the connective tissue in the parenchyma of Bleomycin lungs^[6].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

431.93

Solid

C₂₃H₂₇ClFN₃O₂

2022-29-9

O=C1NCN(C2=CC=CC=C2)C13CCN(CCCC(C4=CC=C(F)C=C4)=O)CC3.[H]Cl

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

• [1]. P Seeman, et al. Dopamine receptor pharmacology. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1994 Jul;15(7):264-70.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Lihua Liang, et al. Spiperone, identified through compound screening, activates calcium-dependent chloride secretion in the airway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2009 Jan;296(1):C131-41.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Long Tai Zheng, et al. The antipsychotic spiperone attenuates inflammatory response in cultured microglia via the reduction of proinflammatory cytokine expression and nitric oxide production. J Neurochem. 2008 Dec;107(5):1225-35.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Richard A Glennon, et al. Ketanserin and spiperone as templates for novel serotonin 5-HT(2A) antagonists. Curr Top Med Chem. 2002 Jun;2(6):539-58.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Andrea E Errasti, et al. Human umbilical vein vasoconstriction induced by epinephrine acting on alpha1B-adrenoceptor subtype. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Nov;189(5):1472-80.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. E G Skurikhin, et al. Effect of spiperone on mesenchymal multipotent stromal and hemopoietic stem cells under conditions of pulmonary fibrosis. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2014 May;157(1):132-7.  [Content Brief]