1. Apoptosis
  2. Bcl-2 Family Caspase Apoptosis
  3. Hydralazine hydrochloride

Hydralazine hydrochloride is an antihypertensive agent. Hydralazine hydrochloride can inhibit mitochondrial fission and human peritoneal mesothelial cell proliferation. Hydralazine hydrochloride has immunomodulation and anti-migratory effect. Hydralazine hydrochloride activates the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and causes DNA damage.

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Hydralazine hydrochloride Chemical Structure

Hydralazine hydrochloride Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 304-20-1

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Solid + Solvent
10 mM * 1 mL in Water
ready for reconstitution
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Customer Review

Based on 3 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Hydralazine hydrochloride:

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

2 Publications Citing Use of MCE Hydralazine hydrochloride

WB

    Hydralazine hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Neurosci Bull. 2020 Oct;36(10):1158-1170.  [Abstract]

    Western blots (left) and analysis (right) of cyto-Drp1, mito-Drp1, and T-Drp1 in different groups of mice. Hydralazine (acrolein scavenger) suppresses the translocation of Drp1 and alleviates the morphological disruption of mitochondria after ICH in mice.
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    • Customer Review

    Description

    Hydralazine hydrochloride is an antihypertensive agent. Hydralazine hydrochloride can inhibit mitochondrial fission and human peritoneal mesothelial cell proliferation. Hydralazine hydrochloride has immunomodulation and anti-migratory effect. Hydralazine hydrochloride activates the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and causes DNA damage[1][2][3][4][5].

    IC50 & Target

    Bcl-2

     

    Bcl-xL

     

    Caspase-8

     

    Caspase-9

     

    Caspase 3

     

    In Vitro

    Hydralazine hydrochloride (40-600 μM, 24-48 h) induces caspase-dependent apoptosis and activates mitochondrial apoptotic events in leukemic T cells[1].
    Hydralazine hydrochloride (1 μM, 40 min) prevents H2O2-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and depolarization in ATCC-CCL2 cells[2].
    Hydralazine hydrochloride (3-100 μg/mL, 1-5 days) inhibits human peritoneal mesothelial cell proliferation[3].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Cell Viability Assay[1]

    Cell Line: Human peritoneal mesothelial cell (HPMC)
    Concentration: 3μg/mL, 6 μg/mL, 12 μg/mL, 25 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL
    Incubation Time: 5 days
    Result: Caused a dose-dependent inhibition of HPMC growth.

    Apoptosis Analysis[3]

    Cell Line: Jurkat, CEM-6, MOLT-4
    Concentration: 40 μM, 80 μM, 200 μM, 400 μM, 600 μM
    Incubation Time: 16 h, 24 h, 48 h
    Result: Observed significant apoptosis in Jurkat and MOLT-4 cells at concentrations of 200 μM.
    Induced a slight decrease in DNMT1 protein expression at 24 hr and nearly a complete loss after 48 hr.
    Observed proteolytic processing of the initiator caspases-8 and -9, as well as cleavage of the effector caspase-3.
    Resulted in generation of ROS and disruption of ΔΨm in Jurkat cells.
    Observed that overexpression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins prevented cell death.
    In Vivo

    Hydralazine hydrochloride (5 mg/kg, Intraperitoneal injection, once a day for 4-6 weeks) plays an immunomodulation role of pro-regeneration in Spinal cord injury mice[4].
    Hydralazine hydrochloride (14 mg/kg, supplemented in drinking water for 15 days) reduces leukocyte migration in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats[5].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Animal Model: Spinal cord injury mice[4]
    Dosage: 5 mg/kg
    Administration: Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)
    Result: Improved not only motor function and hypersensitivity but also spontaneous pain and emotion response in SCI mice.
    Inhibited both of BMDM recruitment and acrolein accumulation in the lesion epicenter of spinal cord in mice.
    Animal Model: Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)[5]
    Dosage: 14 mg/kg
    Administration: Supplemented in drinking water
    Result: Reduced systolic blood pressure values and the number of adherent and migrating leukocytes in SHR.
    Reduce the number of adherent and migrating leukocytes in SHR.
    Decreased the levels of ICAM-1 mRNA.
    Clinical Trial
    Molecular Weight

    196.64

    Formula

    C8H9ClN4

    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to off-white

    SMILES

    NNC1=NN=CC2=C1C=CC=C2.Cl

    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

    Storage

    4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

    *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    H2O : 25 mg/mL (127.14 mM; Need ultrasonic)

    DMSO : 25 mg/mL (127.14 mM; ultrasonic and adjust pH to 11 with NaOH; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 5.0854 mL 25.4272 mL 50.8544 mL
    5 mM 1.0171 mL 5.0854 mL 10.1709 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

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    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (10.58 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

      Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (10.58 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

      Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

    For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

      Solubility: 8.33 mg/mL (42.36 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C

    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

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    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Purity & Documentation
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    H2O / DMSO 1 mM 5.0854 mL 25.4272 mL 50.8544 mL 127.1359 mL
    5 mM 1.0171 mL 5.0854 mL 10.1709 mL 25.4272 mL
    10 mM 0.5085 mL 2.5427 mL 5.0854 mL 12.7136 mL
    15 mM 0.3390 mL 1.6951 mL 3.3903 mL 8.4757 mL
    20 mM 0.2543 mL 1.2714 mL 2.5427 mL 6.3568 mL
    25 mM 0.2034 mL 1.0171 mL 2.0342 mL 5.0854 mL
    30 mM 0.1695 mL 0.8476 mL 1.6951 mL 4.2379 mL
    40 mM 0.1271 mL 0.6357 mL 1.2714 mL 3.1784 mL
    50 mM 0.1017 mL 0.5085 mL 1.0171 mL 2.5427 mL
    60 mM 0.0848 mL 0.4238 mL 0.8476 mL 2.1189 mL
    80 mM 0.0636 mL 0.3178 mL 0.6357 mL 1.5892 mL
    100 mM 0.0509 mL 0.2543 mL 0.5085 mL 1.2714 mL

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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