2. Vías de señalización
  3. PI3K/Akt/mTOR
    Stem Cell/Wnt
  4. GSK-3

GSK-3

Glycogen synthase kinase-3; Glycogen synthase kinase 3

GSK-3

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Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase consisting of two isoforms, alpha and beta. It is a highly conserved negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase, cytokine, and Wnt signaling pathways. Stimulation of these pathways inhibits GSK-3 to modulate diverse downstream effectors that include transcription factors, nutrient sensors, glycogen synthesis, mitochondrial function, circadian rhythm, and cell fate. GSK-3 also regulates alternative splicing in response to T-cell receptor activation, and recent phosphoproteomic studies have revealed that multiple splicing factors and regulators of RNA biosynthesis are phosphorylated in a GSK-3-dependent manner.

The malfunction or aberrant activity of GSK-3 leads to several of disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative pathologies, and other type of diseases as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders and cancer. GSK-3 is also related to innate immune response against pathogens, which makes GSK-3 an excellent target for therapeutic intervention.

GSK-3 Isoform Specific Products:

GSK-3 Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Nom du produit Effet Pureté Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0677
    Dehydroandrographolide succinate
    		99.88%
    Dehydroandrographolide succinate can be extracted from herbal medicine Andrographis paniculata (Burm f) Nees, is widely used in research for viral pneumonia and viral upper respiratory tract infections because of its immunostimulatory, anti-infective and anti-inflammatory effect. Dehydroandrographolide succinate exerts antithrombotic effect. Dehydroandrographolide succinate significantly inhibits the platelet aggregation rate (ED50 = 386.9 mg/kg) by decreasing TXB2 levels. Dehydroandrographolide succinate mitigates muscle astrophy via the Akt/GSK3β and MuRF-1 pathways.
    Dehydroandrographolide succinate
  • HY-121035
    7BIO
    		Inhibitor 99.20%
    7BIO (7-Bromoindirubin-3-Oxime) is the derivate of indirubin. 7BIO (7-Bromoindirubin-3-Oxime) has inhibitory effects against cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK5) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β). 7BIO (7-Bromoindirubin-3-Oxime) inhibits Aβ oligomer-induced neuroinflammation, synaptic impairments, tau hyper-phosphorylation, activation of astrocytes and microglia, and attenuates Aβ oligomer-induced cognitive impairments in mice[1].
    7BIO
  • HY-126144
    GSK-3β inhibitor 1
    		Inhibitor 98.82%
    GSK-3β inhibitor 1 (compound 3a) inhibits GSK-3β with an IC50 of 4.19 nM. GSK-3β inhibitor 1 demonstrates high antidiabetic efficacy in obese Streptozotocin (HY-13753)-treated rats.
    GSK-3β inhibitor 1
  • HY-112388
    GSK-3b Inhibitor XI
    		Inhibitor 99.10%
    GSK-3b Inhibitor XI (Compound 33) is a potent and selective GSK3β inhibitor, with a Ki value of 25 nM. GSK-3b Inhibitor XI increases glycogen synthase (GS) activity. GSK-3b Inhibitor XI can be used for research on type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease.
    GSK-3b Inhibitor XI
  • HY-137472
    SAR502250
    		Inhibitor 99.29%
    SAR502250 is a potent, selective, ATP competitive, orally active and brain-penetrant inhibitor of GSK3, with an IC50 of 12 nM for human GSK-3β. SAR502250 displays antidepressant-like activity. SAR502250 can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
    SAR502250
  • HY-N4247
    Kuwanon G
    		Inhibitor 99.45%
    Kuwanon G is a flavonoid compound and an antagonist of the bombesin receptor. Kuwanon G has multiple activities such as bactericidal, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-atherosclerotic, and neuroprotective effects. Kuwanon G exhibits strong antibacterial activity against oral pathogens, especially cariogenic bacteria and periodontal pathogens. Kuwanon G can induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells. Kuwanon G can be used in the research of diseases such as gastric cancer and atherosclerosis.
    Kuwanon G
  • HY-154851
    GSK-3 inhibitor 3
    		Inhibitor 99.10%
    GSK-3 inhibitor 3 is a selective, orally active and brain-penetrant inhibitor of GSK-3, with IC50s of 0.35 nM and 0.25 nM for GSK-3α and GSK-3β, respectively. GSK-3 inhibitor 3 lowers levels of tau protein phosphorylation at S396 in a triple-transgenic mouse Alzheimer’s disease model, with IC50 of 10 nM. GSK-3 inhibitor 3 can be used for neurological disease research.
    GSK-3 inhibitor 3
  • HY-N6017
    Bakkenolide A
    		Inhibitor 99.99%
    Bakkenolide A is an anticancer agent. Bakkenolide A reduces the viability of leukemia cells, inhibits cell colony formation and invasion, and downregulates the expression of HDAC3 in cells. Bakkenolide A downregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, interleukins such as IL-1β, TGF-β1 and IFN-γ, as well as the expression of PI3K, PDK and PKC in leukemia cells. Bakkenolide A downregulates activated Akt, GSK and Bad, while upregulates Cyto-c, cleaved Caspase3 and cleaved Caspase7, induces apoptosis (apoptosis) in leukemia cells and thereby inhibits inflammatory responses in leukemia cells. Bakkenolide A significantly slows the growth of subcutaneous leukemia tumors in nude mice. Bakkenolide A is applicable to leukemia-related research.
    Bakkenolide A
  • HY-107815
    CHIR 98024
    		Inhibitor 99.20%
    CHIR 98024 (Compound L) is a glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibitor with an EC50 of 0.2566 μM.
    CHIR 98024
  • HY-P10605
    GSK3β-peptide
    		99.69%
    GSK3β-peptide is a substrate mimetic peptide of glycogen synthase kinase 3-β (GSK3-β) that can bind to the active site of GSK3-β and mimic the behavior of a real substrate. GSK3β-peptide can be used to develop substrate mimetic inhibitors of Akt as potential anticancer drugs.
    GSK3β-peptide
  • HY-W969907
    GSK3-IN-7
    		99.35%
    GSK3a-IN-38 is a groundbreaking small molecule that effectively inhibits GSK-3a activity.
    GSK3-IN-7
  • HY-141480
    GSK-3β inhibitor 3
    		Inhibitor 99.22%
    GSK-3β inhibitor 3 is a potent, selective, irreversible and covalent inhibitor of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK-3β), with an IC50 of 6.6 μM. GSK-3β inhibitor 3 can be used for the research of acute promyelocytic leukemia.
    GSK-3β inhibitor 3
  • HY-122665
    HTH-01-091
    		Inhibitor 99.81%
    HTH-01-091 is a potent and selective maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 10.5 nM. HTH-01-091 also inhibits PIM1/2/3, RIPK2, DYRK3, smMLCK and CLK2. HTH-01-091 can be uesd for breast cancer research.
    HTH-01-091
  • HY-Q48328
    GSK3-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 99.05%
    GSK3-IN-1 (compound 11) is a GSK-3 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 12 μM. GSK3-IN-1 can be used in the research of diabetes.
    GSK3-IN-1
  • HY-N0309
    Soyasaponin Ba
    		Activator 99.47%
    Soyasaponin Ba is a soyasaponin that can be isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris, acts as an aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI). Soyasaponin Ba activates Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, reduces lipid accumulation, lowers ROS generation, improves mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP levels, and morphology, and inhibits apoptosis. Soyasaponin Ba can be used for the research of lipid accumulation and secondary diabetic complications.
    Soyasaponin Ba
  • HY-111930
    5-Iodo-indirubin-3'-monoxime
    		Inhibitor 98.12%
    5-Iodo-indirubin-3'-monoxime is a potent GSK-3β, CDK5/P25 and CDK1/cyclin B inhibitor, competing with ATP for binding to the catalytic site of the kinase, with IC50s of 9, 20 and 25 nM, respectively.
    5-Iodo-indirubin-3'-monoxime
  • HY-100950
    ABC1183
    		Inhibitor 99.62%
    ABC1183 is an orally active selective dual GSK3 and CDK9 inhibitor. ABC1183 inhibits GSK3β, GSK3α and CDK9/cyclin T1 with the IC50 values of 657 nM, 327 nM and 321 nM, respectively. ABC1183 has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities.
    ABC1183
  • HY-172171
    GSK3β-IN-2
    		Inhibitor 98.75%
    GSK3β-IN-2 (Compound S01) is the inhibitor for GSK3β with an IC50 of 0.35 nM. GSK3β-IN-2 activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, promotes neurogenesis and neurite growth. GSK3β-IN-2 inhibits Aβ-induced tau hyperphosphorylation at Ser396, reduces the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. GSK3β-IN-2 ameliorates Alzheimer's Disease in zebrafish model.
    GSK3β-IN-2
  • HY-162675
    COB-187
    		Inhibitor
    COB-187 is a potent, ATP-competitive and selective inhibitor of GSK-3β. COB-187 inhibits GSK-3 through a reversible and Cysteine (Cys)-199-dependent mechanism. COB-187 inhibits LPS induced cytokine production and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-induced CXCL10 production.
    COB-187
  • HY-137976
    Penehyclidine hydrochloride
    		Activator 99.2%
    Penehyclidine (Penequinine) hydrochloride, a anticholinergic agent, is a selective antagonist of M1 and M3 receptors. Penehyclidine hydrochloride activates NF-kβ in lung tissue and inhibits the release of inflammatory factors. Penehyclidine hydrochloride can alleviate the pulmonary inflammatory response in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) undergoing mechanical ventilation.
    Penehyclidine hydrochloride
Cat. No. Nom du produit / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Nom du produit / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download GSK-3 Signaling Pathway Map.

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase found in all eukaryotes. GSK-3 is one of the few signaling mediators that play central roles in a diverse range of signaling pathways, including those activated by Wnt, PI3K, growth factors, cytokines, and ligands for G protein-coupled receptors. The PI3K pathway is known for regulating metabolism, cell growth, and cell survival. The PI3K activity is stimulated by diverse oncogenes and growth factor receptors. PI3K-mediated production of PIP3 leads to the activation of Akt. The activation of Akt leads to the phosphorylation of GSK-3, which is active in resting cells, but is inactivated by the phosphorylation. The GSK-3 has been linked to the regulation of an assembly of transcription factors, including β-catenin, NF-κB, c-Jun, CREB, and STAT. Thus, the altered activity of GSK-3 causes various effects on cytokine expression. 

 

In the absence of Wnt signaling, β-catenin is phosphorylated by CK1 and GSK-3. This phosphorylation leads to recognition by β-TrCP, leading to the ubiquitylation of β-catenin and degradation by the proteasome. Upon binding of a lipid-modified Wnt protein to the receptor complex, a signaling cascade is initiated. LRP is phosphorylated by CK1/CK2 and GSK-3, and Axin is recruited to the plasma membrane. The kinases in the β-catenin destruction complex are inactivated and β-catenin translocates to the nucleus to form an active transcription factor complex with TCF, leading to transcription of a large set of target genes.

 

Some endogenous growth factors could bind to and activate the tyrosine kinase receptor. This facilitates the recruitment of other proteins (SHC, SOS), which results in the activation of the ERK-MAPK cascade and the inhibition of GSK-3. GSK-3 exerts many cellular effects: it regulates cytoskeletal proteins, and is important in determining cell survival/cell death. GSK-3 has also been identified as a target for the actions of lithium. GSK-3 can inhibit glycogen synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of glucose from UDPG to glycogen[1][2].

 

Reference:

[1]. Brenner D, et al. Regulation of tumour necrosis factor signalling: live or let die.Nat Rev Immunol. 2015 Jun;15(6):362-74. 
[2]. Conrad M, et al. Regulated necrosis: disease relevance and therapeutic opportunities.Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2016 May;15(5):348-66. 

GSK-3 Isoform Comparison

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