Coenzyme FO
Based on 1 Customer Validation
Coenzyme FO, a deazaflavin chromophore, acts as an important hydride acceptor/donor in the central methanogenic pathway.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 98.90%
- CAS No.: 37333-48-5
- Formula: C16H17N3O7
- Molecular Weight:363.32
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Biological Activity
The formation of Coenzyme FO is mediated by two separate radical SAM active sites, one each in the CofG and CofH enzymes or both in the FbiC enzyme. These two radical SAM domains constitute the functional domains of Fo synthase. F420 is biosynthesized in Methanocaldococcus jannaschii by the action of eight enzymes with the formation of the deazaflavin chromophore (Fo) as the remaining unsolved step[1].
Coenzyme F420 is the central low-redox-potential electron carrier in methanogenic metabolism. Coenzyme F420 is reduced under hydrogen by the action of F420-dependent hydrogenase[3].
Coenzyme F420 acts as a hydride transfer coenzyme for an F420-specific glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Fgd) in mycobacteria. Coenzyme F420 is found in all methanogenic and certain nonmethanogenic archaea, where it participates in energy metabolism, NADP reduction, oxygen detoxification, and sulfite reduction. By converting NO2 back to NO with F420H2, M. tuberculosis could decrease the effectiveness of antibacterial action of macrophages[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 37333-48-5
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 363.32
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Formula C16H17N3O7
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Color Yellow to brown
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SMILES
O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO)CN(C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C=C2C(N3)=O)C2=NC3=O
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 10 mg/mL (27.52 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Ethanol : < 1 mg/mL (insoluble)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: 1 mg/mL (2.75 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
This protocol yields a suspended solution of 1 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (10.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: 0.53 mg/mL (1.46 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
This protocol yields a suspended solution of 0.53 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (5.3 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (279 KB)
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SDS (251 KB)
- English - EN (251 KB)
- Français - FR (251 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (251 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (251 KB)
- Español - ES (251 KB)
- Swedish - SV (251 KB)
- Italian - IT (251 KB)
- Korean - KR (251 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (251 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Mills DJ, et al. De novo modeling of the F(420)-reducing [NiFe]-hydrogenase from a methanogenic archaeon by cryo-electron microscopy. Elife. 2013;2:e00218. Published 2013 Mar 5. [Content Brief]
[2]. Philmus B, et al. Biosynthetic versatility and coordinated action of 5'-deoxyadenosyl radicals in deazaflavin biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc. 2015;137(16):5406-5413. [Content Brief]
[3]. de Poorter LMI, et al. Hydrogen concentrations in methane-forming cells probed by the ratios of reduced and oxidized coenzyme F420. Microbiology. 2005;151(Pt 5):1697‐1705. [Content Brief]
[4]. Purwantini E, et al. Conversion of NO2 to NO by reduced coenzyme F420 protects mycobacteria from nitrosative damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106(15):6333‐6338. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 2.7524 mL | 13.7620 mL | 27.5239 mL | 68.8099 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5505 mL | 2.7524 mL | 5.5048 mL | 13.7620 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2752 mL | 1.3762 mL | 2.7524 mL | 6.8810 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1835 mL | 0.9175 mL | 1.8349 mL | 4.5873 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1376 mL | 0.6881 mL | 1.3762 mL | 3.4405 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1101 mL | 0.5505 mL | 1.1010 mL | 2.7524 mL |
Coenzyme FO Related Classifications
HY-136497 Related Classifications
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