2. Epigenetics
  3. Protein Arginine Deiminase
  4. AFM32a hydrochloride

AFM32a hydrochloride  (Synonyms: PAD2-IN-1 hydrochloride)

Cat. No.: HY-136557A Purity: 99.71%
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AFM32a (PAD2-IN-1) hydrochloride, a benzimidazole-based derivative, is a potent and selective protein arginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) inhibitor. AFM32a hydrochloride shows superior selectivity for PAD2 over PAD4 (95-fold) and PAD3 (79-fold).

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

AFM32a hydrochloride Chemical Structure

AFM32a hydrochloride Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 2988594-85-8

Size Price Stock Quantity
1 mg USD 350 In-stock
5 mg USD 950 In-stock
10 mg USD 1520 In-stock
25 mg USD 3000 In-stock
50 mg USD 4800 In-stock
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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of AFM32a hydrochloride:

AFM32a hydrochloride Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

1 Publications Citing Use of MCE AFM32a hydrochloride

  • Biological Activity

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

AFM32a (PAD2-IN-1) hydrochloride, a benzimidazole-based derivative, is a potent and selective protein arginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) inhibitor. AFM32a hydrochloride shows superior selectivity for PAD2 over PAD4 (95-fold) and PAD3 (79-fold)[1].

IC50 & Target

Protein Arginine Deiminase 2 (PAD2)[1]
In Vitro

In the target engagement assay, the EC 50 of AFM32a (compound 32a) hydrochloride is 8.3 μM in HEK293T/PAD2 cells, the enhanced potency of AFM32a overcomes its relatively poor ability to enter cells[1].
AFM32a (compound 32a; 1-25 μM) hydrochloride treatment strongly inhibits histone H3 citrullination with an EC 50 of 2.7 μM in HEK293T/PAD2 cells[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

AFM32a hydrochloride Related Antibodies
Molecular Weight

517.00

Formula

C25H30ClFN6O3
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=C(C1=CC=CC(CN2)=C1C2=O)N[C@H](C3=NC4=C(OCC)C=CC=C4N3C)CCCNC(CF)=N.[H]Cl
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (193.42 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.9342 mL 9.6712 mL 19.3424 mL
5 mM 0.3868 mL 1.9342 mL 3.8685 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.84 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.84 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

    Solubility: 12.5 mg/mL (24.18 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
% 
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 1.9342 mL 9.6712 mL 19.3424 mL 48.3559 mL
5 mM 0.3868 mL 1.9342 mL 3.8685 mL 9.6712 mL
10 mM 0.1934 mL 0.9671 mL 1.9342 mL 4.8356 mL
15 mM 0.1289 mL 0.6447 mL 1.2895 mL 3.2237 mL
20 mM 0.0967 mL 0.4836 mL 0.9671 mL 2.4178 mL
25 mM 0.0774 mL 0.3868 mL 0.7737 mL 1.9342 mL
30 mM 0.0645 mL 0.3224 mL 0.6447 mL 1.6119 mL
40 mM 0.0484 mL 0.2418 mL 0.4836 mL 1.2089 mL
50 mM 0.0387 mL 0.1934 mL 0.3868 mL 0.9671 mL
60 mM 0.0322 mL 0.1612 mL 0.3224 mL 0.8059 mL
80 mM 0.0242 mL 0.1209 mL 0.2418 mL 0.6044 mL
100 mM 0.0193 mL 0.0967 mL 0.1934 mL 0.4836 mL
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AFM32a hydrochloride Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

AFM32a2988594-85-8PAD2-IN-1Protein Arginine DeiminasePeptidylarginine DeiminasePAD2benzimidazole-basedhistoneH3citrullinationtargetengagementInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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