Integrative multi-omics, machine learning, and experimental validation reveal that TPM1 suppresses M2 macrophage polarization and enhances chemosensitivity in acute myeloid leukemia

  • Cell Biol Toxicol. 2026 May 29. doi: 10.1007/s10565-026-10201-3.
Yue Li  1 ,  Baosheng Wei  1 ,  Liuping Hu  2 ,  Yuzhen Du  1
Affiliations
  • 1. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 222, West Huanhu 3Rd Road, Lingang New City 201306, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.
  • 2. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 222, West Huanhu 3Rd Road, Lingang New City 201306, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China. [email protected].
PMID: 42215832 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-026-10201-3
Abstract

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a therapeutic challenge due to chemoresistance and immunosuppression. This study aimed to discover novel regulatory mechanisms in AML pathogenesis.

Methods: Integrative transcriptomic (GSE30029) and proteomic (PXD008378) analyses with machine learning (LASSO, SVM-RFE, random forest) were performed to identify core AML regulators. Functional validation was conducted in AML cell lines (HL-60, NB4), including cell proliferation and Apoptosis assays, cytarabine (Ara-C) sensitivity testing, and a subcutaneous xenograft model. Macrophage polarization was evaluated in co-culture systems. Molecular mechanisms were explored via MeRIP, RIP, and mRNA stability assays.

Results: Tropomyosin 1 (TPM1) was identified as a potential key factor in AML. TPM1 was downregulated in AML tissues and cells. TPM1 overexpression inhibited AML cell proliferation, promoted Apoptosis and oxidative stress, and enhanced sensitivity to Ara-C. Furthermore, TPM1 upregulation attenuated M2 macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, the m6A eraser fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) destabilized TPM1 mRNA in an m6A-dependent manner. Downregulation of TPM1 reversed the effects of FTO depletion on AML cell proliferation, Ara-C sensitivity, and M2 macrophage polarization.

Conclusion: This study unveils a novel FTO/m6A/TPM1 axis that coordinately governs AML cell growth, chemosensitivity, and macrophage polarization, highlighting it as a promising therapeutic target.

Keywords
Acute myeloid leukemia; Chemosensitivity; M6A eraser; Macrophage polarization; Tropomyosin 1.
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