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  3. Transferases (EC 2)
  4. cGAS Protein, Human (His)

cGAS is a cytosolic DNA sensor. cGAS binds double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and catalyzes the generation of cyclic guanosine-adenylate (cGAMP), which in turn activates the STING protein. cGAS induces the production of type I interferon (IFN-I) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. cGAS Protein, Human (His) is a recombinant cGAS protein expressed in E. coli with a C-6*His tag.

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Description

cGAS is a cytosolic DNA sensor. cGAS binds double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and catalyzes the generation of cyclic guanosine-adenylate (cGAMP), which in turn activates the STING protein. cGAS induces the production of type I interferon (IFN-I) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. cGAS Protein, Human (His) is a recombinant cGAS protein expressed in E. coli with a C-6*His tag.

Background

cGAS belongs to the nucleotidyltransferase family[1]. cGAS is a cytoplasmic DNA sensor that can bind to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and catalyze the generation of cyclic guanosine-adenylate (cGAMP), which in turn activates the STING protein and initiates the type I interferon (IFN-I) pathway[1][2]. After cGAS binds to cytoplasmic DNA, it undergoes a conformational change and catalyzes ATP and GTP to generate cGAMP with a 2′-5′/3′-5′ phosphodiester bond. cGAMP binds to and activates STING, ultimately inducing IRF3 dimerization and the expression of IFN-I and proinflammatory cytokines[2][6]. cGAS is expressed in a variety of cells, including monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC), macrophages (MF), plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), HEK293T cells, THP1 cells, etc., and its expression level in immune cells can be upregulated by viral infection or IFN-α induction[5][6]. cGAS, Human and cGAS homologs from other species such as mice have sequence and structural homology in the catalytic domain, but there are species-specific differences. For example, the catalytic efficiency of human cGAS is lower than that of mice, and differences in some regulatory sites (such as K187 and L195) affect its binding to DNA and activation mode[1][4]. cGAS, Human consists of an N-terminal disordered region (1-156 amino acids) and a C-terminal structured catalytic domain (157-522 amino acids). The catalytic domain contains a nucleotidyltransferase (NTase) domain and a Mab21 domain, which is the functional core that binds DNA and catalyzes the synthesis of cGAMP[4]. The activity of cGAS, Human depends on DNA binding, and its efficiency in catalyzing the production of cGAMP is affected by DNA length, conformation, and histone binding status. For example, nucleosome binding reduces its activity. In addition, its activity can be specifically inhibited by small molecule inhibitors (such as RU.521)[3][5].

In Vitro

cGAS Protein, Human can be activated by HCMV DNA to synthesize cGAMP[6].

Biological Activity

Enzyme activity has been tested in vitro.

Species

Human

Source

E. coli

Tag

C-6*His

Accession

Q8N884-1 (M1-F522)

Gene ID
Molecular Construction
N-term
cGAS (M1-F522)
Accession # Q8N884
6*His
C-term
Protein Length

Full Length of Isoform-1

Synonyms
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; cGAMP synthase; h-cGAS; 2'3'-cGAMP synthase; Mab-21 domain-containing protein 1; MB21D1; C6orf150
AA Sequence

MQPWHGKAMQRASEAGATAPKASARNARGAPMDPTESPAAPEAALPKAGKFGPARKSGSRQKKSAPDTQERPPVRATGARAKKAPQRAQDTQPSDATSAPGAEGLEPPAAREPALSRAGSCRQRGARCSTKPRPPPGPWDVPSPGLPVSAPILVRRDAAPGASKLRAVLEKLKLSRDDISTAAGMVKGVVDHLLLRLKCDSAFRGVGLLNTGSYYEHVKISAPNEFDVMFKLEVPRIQLEEYSNTRAYYFVKFKRNPKENPLSQFLEGEILSASKMLSKFRKIIKEEINDIKDTDVIMKRKRGGSPAVTLLISEKISVDITLALESKSSWPASTQEGLRIQNWLSAKVRKQLRLKPFYLVPKHAKEGNGFQEETWRLSFSHIEKEILNNHGKSKTCCENKEEKCCRKDCLKLMKYLLEQLKERFKDKKHLDKFSSYHVKTAFFHVCTQNPQDSQWDRKDLGLCFDNCVTYFLQCLRTEKLENYFIPEFNLFSSNLIDKRSKEFLTKQIEYERNNEFPVFDEF

Molecular Weight

Approximately 58.9 kDa

Purity
  • Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.
Appearance

Solution

Formulation

Supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20 mM Tris HCl, 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM DTT, 5% Glycerol, pH 7.5.

Endotoxin Level

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

Storage & Stability

Stored at -80°C for 1 year from date of receipt. It is stable at -20°C for 3 months after opening. It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -80°C for extended storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Shipping

Shipping with dry ice.

Documentation
References

cGAS Protein, Human (His) Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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The reconstitution calculator equation

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The dilution calculator equation

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
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C1   V1   C2   V2

The specific activity calculator equation

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)
Unit/mg = 106 ÷ ng/mL

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Product Name:
cGAS Protein, Human (His)
Cat. No.:
HY-P72337
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