NFKB2 Protein, Human (sf9, GST)

NFKB2 is a key member of the NF-kappa-B transcription factor family, existing in two forms, p100 and p52. NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types, serving as the endpoint of various signaling pathways involved in inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis, and apoptosis. Through the non-canonical activation pathway, p100 associated with RelB is phosphorylated by the MAP3K14-activated CHUK/IKKA homodimer and proteolytically processed into p52, forming the transcriptionally active RelB-p52 heterodimer. Meanwhile, the p52-p52 homodimer acts as a transcriptional repressor. NFKB2 exhibits dual functions: cytoplasmic retention of NF-kappa-B proteins via p100 and generation of p52 through cotranslational processing. The proteasome-mediated process ensures the production of both p52 and p100 while preserving their independent functions. p52 binds to the kappa-B consensus sequence 5'-GGRNNYYCC-3' located in the enhancer regions of genes involved in immune response and acute-phase reactions. p100 is the major form, while p52 is the minor form, with relatively inefficient processing of p100. Additionally, the NFKB2 isoform p49 is a subunit of the NF-kappa-B protein complex, synergizing with p65 to stimulate the HIV enhancer. In concert with RELB, it regulates the circadian clock by repressing the transcriptional activator activity of the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer.