Search Result

Results for "

dioxygenases

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	Apoptosis (8) ATP Synthase (4) Aurora Kinase (5) Bacterial (9) Bcl-2 Family (1) Biochemical Assay Reagents (8) Collagen (2) Cytochrome P450 (1) Drug Derivative (2) Drug Intermediate (1) Drug Isomer (1) Drug Metabolite (1) Endogenous Metabolite (19) Environmental Pollutants (4) Estrogen Receptor/ERR (1) Fat Mass and Obesity-associated Protein (FTO) (1) Herbicide (8) Histone Demethylase (8) HPPD (17) Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) (51) Interleukin Related (1) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (4) Lipoxygenase (1) mAChR (4) Methionine Adenosyltransferase (MAT) (2) Molecular Glues (1) mTOR (4) Neurokinin Receptor (1) NF-κB (1) Parasite (4) Phosphodiesterase (PDE) (1) PKA (1) PROTACs (2) Quinone Reductase (1) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (13) Reference Standards (16) Sirtuin (2) STK33 (1) TET Protein (1) TNF Receptor (1) Virus Protease (4)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (62) Cardiovascular Disease (5) Infection (19) Inflammation/Immunology (22) Metabolic Disease (15) Neurological Disease (17)

By Targets:

Apoptosis (8)

ATP Synthase (4)

Aurora Kinase (5)

Bacterial (9)

Bcl-2 Family (1)

Biochemical Assay Reagents (8)

Collagen (2)

Cytochrome P450 (1)

Drug Derivative (2)

Drug Intermediate (1)

Drug Isomer (1)

Drug Metabolite (1)

Endogenous Metabolite (19)

Environmental Pollutants (4)

Estrogen Receptor/ERR (1)

Fat Mass and Obesity-associated Protein (FTO) (1)

Herbicide (8)

Histone Demethylase (8)

HPPD (17)

Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) (51)

Interleukin Related (1)

Isotope-Labeled Compounds (4)

Lipoxygenase (1)

mAChR (4)

Methionine Adenosyltransferase (MAT) (2)

Molecular Glues (1)

mTOR (4)

Neurokinin Receptor (1)

NF-κB (1)

Parasite (4)

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) (1)

PKA (1)

PROTACs (2)

Quinone Reductase (1)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (13)

Reference Standards (16)

Sirtuin (2)

STK33 (1)

TET Protein (1)

TNF Receptor (1)

Virus Protease (4)

By Research Areas:

Cancer (62)

Cardiovascular Disease (5)

Infection (19)

Inflammation/Immunology (22)

Metabolic Disease (15)

Neurological Disease (17)

123

Inhibitors & Agonists

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Peptides

Natural
Products

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-16724

Indoximod 10+ Cited Publications 1-Methyl-D-tryptophan; NLG-8189	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Cancer
Indoximod (1-Methyl-D-tryptophan) is an orally active indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) pathway inhibitor. Indoximod acts as a Trp mimetic in regulating mTOR. Indoximod is an immunometabolic adjuvant used for the research of cancer .

HY-108331

3-TYP Maximum Cited Publications 100 Publications Verification	Sirtuin Methionine Adenosyltransferase (MAT) Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Cancer
3-TYP is an inhibitor of SIRT3 (IC₅₀of 38 μM) and an inhibitor of Methionine Adenosyltransferase (MAT) 2 and Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO). There may be many off-target sites for 3-TYP that need to be examined, such as NAD-dependent enzymes, including dehydrogenases .

HY-N0110

Palmatine chloride Maximum Cited Publications 9 Publications Verification	mAChR Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Virus Protease Aurora Kinase Apoptosis Bacterial Parasite	Infection Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Palmatine chloride is an orally active and irreversible *indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase* 1 (IDO-1) inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 3 μM and 157μM against HEK 293-hIDO-1 and rhIDO-1, respectively. Palmatine chloride can also inhibit West Nile virus (WNV) NS2B-NS3 protease in an uncompetitive manner with an IC₅₀** of 96 μM. Palmatine chloride shows anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, antibacterial, anti-viral activities .

HY-113038B

α-Hydroxyglutaric acid 2-Hydroxyglutarate; 2-Hydroxyglutaric acid; 2-Hydroxypentanedioic acid	Histone Demethylase Endogenous Metabolite	Cancer
α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (2-Hydroxyglutarate) is an α-hydroxy acid form of glutaric acid. α-Hydroxyglutaric acid is a competitive inhibitor of multiple α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, including histone demethylases and the TET family of 5-methlycytosine (5mC) hydroxylases .

HY-33298

LM10 1 Publications Verification	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Cancer
LM10 is a potent inhibitor of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) is an unrelated hepatic enzyme that also degrades tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway. LM10 has the potential for the research of cancer diseases .

HY-108681

680C91 2 Publications Verification	Collagen	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
680C91 is an orally active, selective tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) inhibitor with a K_i of 51 nM. TDO is the key enzyme of tryptophan catabolism. 680C91 can be used for the research of cancer immunotherapy and Alzheimer’s Disease .

HY-101560

Linrodostat 5+ Cited Publications BMS-986205; ONO-7701	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Cancer
Linrodostat (BMS-986205) is a selective and irreversible *indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase* 1 (IDO1) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 1.1 nM in IDO1**-HEK293 cells. Linrodostat is well tolerated with potent pharmacodynamic activity in advanced cancers .

HY-N0707

(S)-Indoximod 1-Methyl-L-tryptophan; (S)-NLG-8189	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Neurological Disease Cancer
(S)-Indoximod (1-Methyl-L-tryptophan) is an inhibitor of *indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase* (IDO) (K_i**: 19 μM). (S)-Indoximod can be used for the research of cancer and neurological disease .

HY-131911

PROTAC IDO1 Degrader-1	PROTACs Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Inflammation/Immunology
PROTAC IDO1 Degrader-1 is the first potent IDO1 (*indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase* 1) degrader that hijacks IDO1 to Cereblon E3 ligase to introduce IDO1 into UPS and eventually achieve ubiquitination and degradation (DC₅₀**=2.84 μM). PROTAC IDO1 Degrader-1 moderately improves the tumor-killing activity of H ER2 CAR-T cells .

HY-W012814

4-Methylcatechol	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Cardiovascular Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
4-Methylcatechol is an intermediate in the degradation of some alkylbenzenes and an orally active suicide inhibitor of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O). 4-Methylcatechol induces apoptosis in melanoma cells through oxidative stress, but some studies have also shown that 4-Methylcatechol is carcinogenic. In addition, 4-Methylcatechol has antiplatelet and blood pressure-lowering activities. 4-Methylcatechol can also inhibit protein oxidation in beef but does not disulfide formation .

HY-113038A

α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium 2-Hydroxyglutarate disodium; 2-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium; 2-Hydroxypentanedioic acid disodium	Histone Demethylase Endogenous Metabolite	Cancer
α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (2-Hydroxyglutarate) disodium is an α-hydroxy acid form of glutaric acid. α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium is a competitive inhibitor of multiple α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, including histone demethylases and the TET family of 5-methlycytosine (5mC) hydroxylases .

HY-W010040

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid 1 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine. 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is a substrate of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase (HPPA). 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid can be used in the study of HPD-related diseases, such as type III tyrosinemia and hawkinsinuria .

HY-15683

IDO5L 3 Publications Verification	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Cancer
IDO5L is a potent indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 67 nM.

HY-151886

NU223612	PROTACs Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Neurological Disease Cancer
NU223612 is a potent PROTAC (PROTACs) that degrades *indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase* 1 (IDO1) (Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)) with a K_d of 640 nM. NU223612 potently degrades the IDO1 protein through CRBN**-mediated proteasomal degradation. NU223612 is bound to CRBN with an affinity of 290 nM. NU223612 can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) .

HY-18770B

Navoximod 10+ Cited Publications GDC-0919; NLG-919	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Cancer
Navoximod (GDC-0919; NLG-?919) is a potent IDO (indoleamine-(2,3)-dioxygenase) pathway inhibitor with K_i/EC₅₀ of 7 nM/75 nM.

HY-107368

Sulcotrione 1 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Others
Sulcotrione is a β-triketone herbicide which can inhibit hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD).

HY-133897

(Rac)-Indoximod 1 Publications Verification 1-Methyl-DL-tryptophan; (Rac)-NLG-8189	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Apoptosis	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
(Rac)-Indoximod (1-Methyl-DL-tryptophan) is an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor. Co-treatment with IFN-γ and (Rac)-Indoximod markedly reduces the activity of human cardiac myofibroblasts (hCMs) expressing α-SMA and induces apoptosis through up-regulating the IRF-1, Fas, and FasL genes .

HY-28247

N-Formylkynurenine	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
N-Formylkynurenine is an intermediate in the catabolism of tryptophan. It is a formylated derivative of kynurenine. The formation of N-formylkynurenine is catalyzed by heme dioxygenases.

HY-N0110A

Palmatine	mAChR Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Virus Protease Aurora Kinase Apoptosis Bacterial Parasite	Infection Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Palmatine is an orally active and irreversible *indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase* 1 (IDO-1) inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 3 μM and 157μM against HEK 293-hIDO-1 and rhIDO-1, respectively. Palmatine can also inhibit West Nile virus (WNV) NS2B-NS3 protease in an uncompetitive manner with an IC₅₀** of 96 μM. Palmatine shows anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, antibacterial, anti-viral activities .

HY-P2915

Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase 1 Publications Verification	Biochemical Assay Reagents Bacterial	Infection
Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase is a dioxygenase. Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase belongs to the non-heme iron dioxygenase class. Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase catalyzes the cleavage of the aromatic ring of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, attaching two atoms of molecular oxygen to the compound to generate β-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate. Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase is a key enzyme in the β-ketoadipic acid pathway. It is found in marine bacteria associated with Roseobacter. Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase can be isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa .

HY-100687

GNF-PF-3777 1 Publications Verification 8-Nitrotryptanthrin	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Neurological Disease
GNF-PF-3777 (8-Nitrotryptanthrin) is a potent human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (hIDO2) inhibitor which significantly reduces IDO2 activity with K_i of 0.97 μM.

HY-135767

Bicyclopyrone	Environmental Pollutants HPPD	Metabolic Disease
Bicyclopyrone is an inhibitor of *4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase* (Hpd)** .

HY-133597

4-Chlorocatechol	Drug Derivative	Others
4-Chlorocatechol is a major degradation product of 4-chloro-2-aminophenol (4C2AP). 4-Chlorocatechol is also a substrate for catechol 1,2-dioxygenases and chlorocatechol dioxygenase .

HY-79531

IDO-IN-1	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Cancer
IDO-IN-1 is a potent indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 59 nM.

HY-145346

NLG802	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Cancer
NLG802 is a proagent of indoximod, an orally active *indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase* (IDO)** inhibitor.

HY-151425

TDO-IN-1	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Cancer
TDO-IN-1 is an orally active and selective inhibitor of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), shows excellent selectivity over *indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase* (IDO), with an IC₅₀ value of 0.62 μM (IDO). TDO-IN-1 reverse the local immune tolerance of tumor tissue to inhibit tumor growth in vivo .

HY-137910

Tembotrione	Environmental Pollutants HPPD Herbicide	Infection
Tembotrione is a herbicide belonging to the HPPD (dioxygenase) inhibitor class with crop selectivity. Tembotrione effectively controls a variety of weeds including broadleaf and gramineous species by disrupting carotenoid synthesis, which leads to chlorophyll degradation and leaf whitening. Mixing Tembotrione with isoxaflutole or adding surfactants optimizes its efficacy and reduces phytotoxicity, with no residual impact on subsequent cruciferous crops, thus helping to increase maize grain yield. The activity of Tembotrione decreases under drought conditions, and under specific conditions (such as double-dose treatment), it may cause reversible yellowing and even yield reduction in crops such as poppy .

HY-148383

DP00477	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Cancer
DP00477 is a potent *IDO1 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase* 1) inhibitor with an IC₅₀** value of 7.0 µM. DP00477 has the potential for the research of cancer .

HY-177086

IDO1/TDO-IN-9	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Cancer
IDO1/TDO-IN-9 (Compound 66) is a potent dual inhibitor targeting indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) with IC₅₀s of <1 μM. IDO1/TDO-IN-9 inhibits the activity of IDO1 and TDO, blocking tryptophan degradation to kynurenine, restoring immune activity in the tumor microenvironment, and suppressing tumor growth. IDO1/TDO-IN-9 is promising for research of cancers .

HY-139204

BMS-986242 1 Publications Verification	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Cancer
BMS-986242 is an orally active, potent and selective indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitor. BMS-986242 can be used for the research of cancer .

HY-W725385

Cypyrafluone Huanbifucaotong	HPPD	Others
Cypyrafluone is a *4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase* (4-HPPD)** inhibitor that prevents the homogentisic acid (HGA) production. Cypyrafluone can control weed in wheat fields .

HY-114991

Leptospermone	HPPD	Others
Leptospermone is a competitive, reversible inhibitor for p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), with an IC₅₀ of 12.1 μM. Leptospermone exhibits herbicidal activity for its bleaching effect .

HY-111957

Fenquinotrione	HPPD	Others
Fenquinotrione is a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 27.2 and 44.7nM against rice and Arabidopsis thaliana HPPD, respectively. Fenquinotrione is an herbicide that can control a wide range of broadleaf and sedge weeds with excellent rice selectivity .

HY-144900

Topramezone	Environmental Pollutants Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Others
Topramezone is a potent 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (4-HPPD) inhibitor. Topramezone is a herbicide, used for the post-emergence control of broadleaf and grass weeds in corn .

HY-128355

IDO/TDO-IN-1	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Cancer
IDO/TDO-IN-1 (compound 25) is a highly potent and orally active dual indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and *tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase* (TDO) inhibitor with IC₅₀**s of 9.7 and 47 nM, respectively .

HY-N2463

Kushenol E 1 Publications Verification	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Cancer
Kushenol E is a class of flavonoids isolated from Sophora flavescens and is a non-competitive *indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase* 1 (IDO1) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 7.7 µM and a K_i** of 9.5 µM, has anti-tumor activity .

HY-161308

HPPD-IN-3	HPPD	Others
HPPD-IN-3 (compound 25) is a potent inhibitor of 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), with IC50 of 10 nM, more potency than Mesotrione (HY-12853) .

HY-119989

Cyclopyrimorate	Herbicide	Infection
Cyclopyrimorate, a highly effective bleaching herbicide for weed control in rice fields, targets homogentisate solanesyltransferase (HST). HST is a downstream enzyme of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase in the plastoquinone (PQ) biosynthesis pathway .

HY-N0110B

Palmatine hydroxide Maximum Cited Publications 9 Publications Verification	mAChR Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Virus Protease Aurora Kinase Apoptosis Bacterial Parasite	Infection Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Palmatine hydroxide is an orally active and irreversible *indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase* 1 (IDO-1) inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 3 μM and 157μM against HEK 293-hIDO-1 and rhIDO-1, respectively. Palmatine hydroxide can also inhibit West Nile virus (WNV) NS2B-NS3 protease in an uncompetitive manner with an IC₅₀** of 96 μM. Palmatine hydroxide shows anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, antibacterial, anti-viral activities .

HY-115122

IDO-IN-12	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Cancer
IDO-IN-12 is an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor extracted from patent WO 2017181849 A1.

HY-112867

Amg-1	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Cancer
Amg-1 is a potent, reversible and selective indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 3.0 μM). Amg-1 exhibits >80-fold selectivity over IDO2 (IC₅₀ > 250 μM) and >20-fold selective over TDO (IC₅₀ > 62.5 μM). Amg-1 can be used for cancer, hypotension, and neurological disorders research .

HY-111540B

(S)-LY-3381916 1 Publications Verification (S)-IDO1-IN-5	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Cancer
(S)-LY-3381916 ((S)-IDO1-IN-5; Example 1B) is an active S-isomer of LY-3381916. (S)-LY-3381916 binds to IDOL with an IC₅₀ value less than 1.5 µΜ . LY-3381916 is a potent, selective and brain penetrated inhibitor of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) activity, binds to apo-IDO1 lacking heme rather than mature heme-bound IDO1 .

HY-P2976

Lipoxygenase, general LOX	Endogenous Metabolite	Others
Lipoxygenase, general (LOX) is a dioxygenase, is often used in biochemical studies. Lipoxygenase, general catalyzes the formation of corresponding hydroperoxides from polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and arachidonic acid .

HY-151093

IDO2-IN-1 2 Publications Verification	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Inflammation/Immunology
IDO2-IN-1 is an orally active and potent *Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase* 2 (IDO2) inhibitor with an IC₅₀** value of 112 nM. IDO2-IN-1 can be used for inflammatory autoimmunity research .

HY-163559

HPPD-IN-4	HPPD	Others
HPPD-IN-4 (Compound III-29) is a selective inhibitor of HPPD with anIC₅₀ of 0.19 μM. HPPD-IN-4 is primarily used in the study of high-efficiency herbicides .

HY-W103225

Dihydroanthracene	Bacterial	Infection
Dihydroanthracene (9,10-Dihydroanthracene) is a substrate for *toluene dioxygenase* (TDO)** expressed by Pseudomonas putida UV4. Toluene dioxygenase (TDO) expressed by Pseudomonas putida UV4 catalyzes the benzylic monooxygenation of Dihydroanthracene to 9-hydroxy-9,10-DHA as the only product .

HY-133609

3,5-Dichlorocatechol	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Infection
3,5-Dichlorocatechol is a substrate of the broad-spectrum chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase of pseudomonas chlororaphis RW71 .

HY-18769

BMS-978587 1 Publications Verification IDO-IN-4	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Cancer
BMS-978587 (IDO-IN-4) is an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) inhibitor, extracted from patent WO2014150677A1, Compound example 1 enantiomer 1.

HY-18770A

IDO-IN-6 NLG-1486	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Cancer
IDO-IN-6 (NLG-1486) is an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor extracted from patent WO WO2012142237A1, Compound 1486, has an IC₅₀ of <1 μM.

HY-18770

IDO-IN-5 NLG-1489	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Cancer
IDO-IN-5 (NLG-1489) is an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor extracted from patent WO WO2012142237A1, compound 1489, has an IC₅₀ of 1-10 μM.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-P4149

Imsamotide IDO194-214	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Imsamotide (IDO194-214) is a *Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase* (IDO)** peptide with sequences of DTLLKALLEIASCLEKALQVF, the IDO194-214. Imsamotide is also an immunological agent for active immunization, as well as an antineoplastic agent .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-N0110

Palmatine chloride Maximum Cited Publications 9 Publications Verification	Alkaloids Phellodendron amurense Rupr. Classification of Application Fields Rutaceae Plants Isoquinoline Alkaloids Disease Research Fields Cancer	mAChR Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Virus Protease Aurora Kinase Apoptosis Bacterial Parasite
Palmatine chloride is an orally active and irreversible *indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase* 1 (IDO-1) inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 3 μM and 157μM against HEK 293-hIDO-1 and rhIDO-1, respectively. Palmatine chloride can also inhibit West Nile virus (WNV) NS2B-NS3 protease in an uncompetitive manner with an IC₅₀** of 96 μM. Palmatine chloride shows anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, antibacterial, anti-viral activities .

HY-113038B

α-Hydroxyglutaric acid 2-Hydroxyglutarate; 2-Hydroxyglutaric acid; 2-Hydroxypentanedioic acid	Immune System Disorder Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Endocrine diseases Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Histone Demethylase Endogenous Metabolite
α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (2-Hydroxyglutarate) is an α-hydroxy acid form of glutaric acid. α-Hydroxyglutaric acid is a competitive inhibitor of multiple α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, including histone demethylases and the TET family of 5-methlycytosine (5mC) hydroxylases .

HY-100542

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium 4 Publications Verification Disodium (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) ATP Synthase mTOR Endogenous Metabolite
D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium (Disodium (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate) is the principal metabolite accumulating in neurometabolic disease D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium is a weak competitive antagonist of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and inhibits multiple α-KG-dependent dioxygenases with a K_i of 10.87 mM. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium increases *reactive oxygen* species (ROS) production. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium binds and inhibits ATP synthase and inhibits mTOR** signaling .

HY-N0707

(S)-Indoximod 1-Methyl-L-tryptophan; (S)-NLG-8189	Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Abrus precatorius Linn. Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)
(S)-Indoximod (1-Methyl-L-tryptophan) is an inhibitor of *indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase* (IDO) (K_i**: 19 μM). (S)-Indoximod can be used for the research of cancer and neurological disease .

HY-113038

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid 4 Publications Verification (R)-2-Hydroxyglutarate; (R)-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid; (R)-2-Hydroxypentanedioic acid	Classification of Application Fields Neurological Disease Anti-aging Endocrine diseases Endogenous metabolite Immune System Disorder Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Nervous System Disorder Disease Research Fields Inflammation/Immunology Cancer Source Classification	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) ATP Synthase mTOR Endogenous Metabolite
D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid ((R)-2-Hydroxyglutarate) is the principal metabolite accumulating in neurometabolic disease D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid is a weak competitive antagonist of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and inhibits multiple α-KG-dependent dioxygenases with a K_i of 10.87 mM. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid increases *reactive oxygen* species (ROS) production. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid binds and inhibits ATP synthase and inhibits mTOR** signaling .

HY-W012814

4-Methylcatechol	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Phenols Polyphenols Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
4-Methylcatechol is an intermediate in the degradation of some alkylbenzenes and an orally active suicide inhibitor of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O). 4-Methylcatechol induces apoptosis in melanoma cells through oxidative stress, but some studies have also shown that 4-Methylcatechol is carcinogenic. In addition, 4-Methylcatechol has antiplatelet and blood pressure-lowering activities. 4-Methylcatechol can also inhibit protein oxidation in beef but does not disulfide formation .

HY-113038A

α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium 2-Hydroxyglutarate disodium; 2-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium; 2-Hydroxypentanedioic acid disodium	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Histone Demethylase Endogenous Metabolite
α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (2-Hydroxyglutarate) disodium is an α-hydroxy acid form of glutaric acid. α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium is a competitive inhibitor of multiple α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, including histone demethylases and the TET family of 5-methlycytosine (5mC) hydroxylases .

HY-W010040

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Monophenols Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Phenols Endocrine diseases Metabolic Disease Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine. 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is a substrate of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase (HPPA). 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid can be used in the study of HPD-related diseases, such as type III tyrosinemia and hawkinsinuria .

HY-N0110A

Palmatine	Alkaloids Phellodendron amurense Rupr. Classification of Application Fields Rutaceae Plants Isoquinoline Alkaloids Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	mAChR Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Virus Protease Aurora Kinase Apoptosis Bacterial Parasite
Palmatine is an orally active and irreversible *indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase* 1 (IDO-1) inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 3 μM and 157μM against HEK 293-hIDO-1 and rhIDO-1, respectively. Palmatine can also inhibit West Nile virus (WNV) NS2B-NS3 protease in an uncompetitive manner with an IC₅₀** of 96 μM. Palmatine shows anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, antibacterial, anti-viral activities .

HY-114991

Leptospermone	Leptospermum scoparium J. R. Forst. et G. Forst. Natural Products Myrtaceae Plants Source Classification	HPPD
Leptospermone is a competitive, reversible inhibitor for p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), with an IC₅₀ of 12.1 μM. Leptospermone exhibits herbicidal activity for its bleaching effect .

HY-N2463

Kushenol E 1 Publications Verification	Flavonoids Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Flavonones Phenols Polyphenols Moghania philippinensis (Merr. Et Rolfe) L. Plants Disease Research Fields Cancer Source Classification	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)
Kushenol E is a class of flavonoids isolated from Sophora flavescens and is a non-competitive *indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase* 1 (IDO1) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 7.7 µM and a K_i** of 9.5 µM, has anti-tumor activity .

HY-N0110B

Palmatine hydroxide Maximum Cited Publications 9 Publications Verification	Alkaloids Phellodendron amurense Rupr. Other Alkaloids Rutaceae Plants Source Classification	mAChR Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Virus Protease Aurora Kinase Apoptosis Bacterial Parasite
Palmatine hydroxide is an orally active and irreversible *indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase* 1 (IDO-1) inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 3 μM and 157μM against HEK 293-hIDO-1 and rhIDO-1, respectively. Palmatine hydroxide can also inhibit West Nile virus (WNV) NS2B-NS3 protease in an uncompetitive manner with an IC₅₀** of 96 μM. Palmatine hydroxide shows anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, antibacterial, anti-viral activities .

HY-W010040R

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Monophenols Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Phenols Endocrine diseases Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (HY-W010040). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine. 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is a substrate of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase (HPPA). 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid can be used in the study of HPD-related diseases, such as type III tyrosinemia and hawkinsinuria .

HY-133609

3,5-Dichlorocatechol	Microorganisms Source Classification	Biochemical Assay Reagents
3,5-Dichlorocatechol is a substrate of the broad-spectrum chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase of pseudomonas chlororaphis RW71 .

HY-N12125

Entadamide A	Natural Products Petasites formosanus Kitam. Leguminosae Plants Source Classification	Others
Entadamide A (compound 1) is a tryptophan derivative. Entadamide A prevents tryptophan depletion by inhibiting indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO), thereby inhibiting HIV replication. Entadamide A can be used in drug and neuropsychiatric studies of redesivir [1].

HY-W012814R

4-Methylcatechol (Standard)	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Phenols Polyphenols Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
4-Methylcatechol (Standard) is the analytical standard of 4-Methylcatechol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 4-Methylcatechol is an intermediate in the degradation of some alkylbenzenes and an orally active suicide inhibitor of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O). 4-Methylcatechol induces apoptosis in melanoma cells through oxidative stress, but some studies have also shown that 4-Methylcatechol is carcinogenic. In addition, 4-Methylcatechol has antiplatelet and blood pressure-lowering activities. 4-Methylcatechol can also inhibit protein oxidation in beef but does not disulfide formation[1][2][3][4][5][6].

HY-N16372

Pronqodine A	Natural Products Microorganisms Source Classification	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Quinone Reductase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Pronqodine A is an Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 131.5 nM. Pronqodine A inhibits bradykinin-induced release of PGE2, 6-keto-prostaglandin F_1α, PGD2 and induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human synovial sarcoma SW982 cells. Pronqodine A is a good substrate for human quinone reductase NQO1. Pronqodine A can be used for the study of inflammation .

HY-N0110R

Palmatine chloride (Standard)	Structural Classification Alkaloids Phellodendron amurense Rupr. Classification of Application Fields Rutaceae Plants Isoquinoline Alkaloids Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Apoptosis Virus Protease Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Parasite Bacterial Aurora Kinase mAChR Reference Standards
Palmatine (chloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Palmatine (chloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Palmatine chloride is an orally active and irreversible *indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase* 1 (IDO-1) inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 3 μM and 157μM against HEK 293-hIDO-1 and rhIDO-1, respectively. Palmatine chloride can also inhibit West Nile virus (WNV) NS2B-NS3 protease in an uncompetitive manner with an IC₅₀** of 96 μM. Palmatine chloride shows anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, antibacterial, anti-viral activities .

HY-N12196

Terretonin	Other Monoterpenes Microorganisms Terpenoids Source Classification	Cytochrome P450
Terretonin is a fungal terpenoid isolated from Aspergillus terreus. The complete biosynthetic pathway of terretonin includes: cytochrome P450 Trt6 catalyzes the oxidation of terrenoid to obtain an unstable intermediate; then it is catalyzed by isomerase Trt14 and processed by non-heme iron-dependent dioxygenase Trt7 to complete the biosynthesis of terretonin .

HY-116620

Benzomalvin C	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Neurokinin Receptor
Benzomalvin C is a weak antagonist of the neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor inhibiting binding of substance P by 46% when used at 100 μg/mL in vitro. It is also a weak inhibitor of indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) with an IC₅₀ value of 130 μM for recombinant IDO. It is isolated from Penicillium and contains an epoxide group at C-19 and C-20, which is not present in benzomalvins A, B, or E.

HY-113038AR

α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium (Standard) 2-Hydroxyglutarate disodium (Standard); 2-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium (Standard); 2-Hydroxypentanedioic acid disodium (Standard)	Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Histone Demethylase Endogenous Metabolite
Ophiopogonin D (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ophiopogonin D. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ophiopogonin D, isolated from the tubers of Ophiopogon japonicus, is a rare naturally occurring C29 steroidal glycoside . Ophiopogonin D is a CYP2J3 inducer that significantly inhibits Ang II induced NF-κB nuclear translocation, IκBα down-regulation, intracellular Ca2+ overload and activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines by increasing the expression of CYP2J2/EETs and PPARα in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Ophiopogonin D has been used to treat inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases for thousands of years .

HY-100542R

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium (Standard) Disodium (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate (Standard)	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) ATP Synthase mTOR Endogenous Metabolite
D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (disodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (disodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium (Disodium (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate) is the principal metabolite accumulating in neurometabolic disease D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium is a weak competitive antagonist of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and inhibits multiple α-KG-dependent dioxygenases with a Ki of 10.87 mM. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium binds and inhibits ATP synthase and inhibits mTOR signaling .

HY-N19001

(rac)-5-Hydroxykynurenine	Structural Classification Monophenols Phenols Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Drug Metabolite
(rac)-5-Hydroxykynurenine is a urinary metabolite. (rac)-5-Hydroxykynurenine is generated via indole ring oxidative cleavage of 5-hydroxytryptophan (HY-N0122) catalyzed by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-113038AS

α-Hydroxyglutaric acid-13C5 disodium
α-Hydroxyglutaric acid- ¹³C₅ (sodium) is the ¹³C labeled α-Hydroxyglutaric acid sodium . α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (2-Hydroxyglutarate) sodium is an α-hydroxy acid form of glutaric acid. α-Hydroxyglutaric acid sodium is a competitive inhibitor of multiple α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, including histone demethylases and the TET family of 5-methlycytosine (5mC) hydroxylases .

HY-113038AS1

α-Hydroxyglutaric acid-d4 disodium

α-Hydroxyglutaric acid-d₄ (disodium) is the deuterium labeled α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium . α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (2-Hydroxyglutarate) disodium is an α-hydroxy acid form of glutaric acid. α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium is a competitive inhibitor of multiple α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, including histone demethylases and the TET family of 5-methlycytosine (5mC) hydroxylases .

HY-W654003

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid-d5 disodium

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid-d₅ disodium (Disodium (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate-d₅) is the deuterium labeled D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium (HY-100542). D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium (Disodium (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate) is the principal metabolite accumulating in neurometabolic disease D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium is a weak competitive antagonist of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and inhibits multiple α-KG-dependent dioxygenases with a Ki of 10.87 mM. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium binds and inhibits ATP synthase and inhibits mTOR signaling .

HY-W012814S

4-Methylcatechol-d3
4-Methylcatechol-d₃ is the deuterium labeled 4-Methylcatechol . 4-Methylcatechol, a metabolite of p-toluate, is a substrate as well as a suicide inhibitor of Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase .

HY-W012814S1

4-Methylcatechol-d8
4-Methylcatechol-d₈ is the deuterium labeled 4-Methylcatechol . 4-Methylcatechol, a metabolite of p-toluate, is a substrate as well as a suicide inhibitor of Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase .

HY-N0707S

(S)-Indoximod-d3
(S)-Indoximod-d₃ is the deuterium labeled (S)-Indoximod. (S)-Indoximod (1-Methyl-L-tryptophan) is an inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). (S)-Indoximod can be used for the research of cancer .

HY-W745979

Sulcotrione-d7
Sulcotrione-d₇ is the deuterium labeled Sulcotrione (HY-107368). Sulcotrione is a β-triketone herbicide which can inhibit hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD).

HY-B0607S

Nitisinone-d3
Nitisinone-d₃ (NTBC-d₃) is deuterium labeled Nitisinone. Nitisinone is an orally active, competitive and reversible 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (4-HPPD) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 173 nM. Nitisinone promotes tyrosine accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. nitisinone can be used in studies of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT-1) (a rare genetic disorder) and albinism .

HY-W777526

Nitisinone-13C6
Nitisinone- ¹³C₆ is a ¹³C-labeled Nitisinone (HY-B0607). Nitisinone is an orally active, competitive and reversible 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (4-HPPD) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 173 nM. Nitisinone promotes tyrosine accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. nitisinone can be used in studies of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT-1) (a rare genetic disorder) and albinism .

HY-W704805

Sodium 2-hydroxypentanedioate-2,3,3-d3

Sodium 2-hydroxypentanedioate-2,3,3-d₃ is the deuterium labeled α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium (HY-113038A). α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (2-Hydroxyglutarate) disodium is an α-hydroxy acid form of glutaric acid. α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium is a competitive inhibitor of multiple α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, including histone demethylases and the TET family of 5-methlycytosine (5mC) hydroxylases .

HY-W779800

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid-13C5 disodium

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid- ¹³C₅ disodium is the ¹³C-labeled D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (HY-113038). D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid ((R)-2-Hydroxyglutarate) is the principal metabolite accumulating in neurometabolic disease D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid is a weak competitive antagonist of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and inhibits multiple α-KG-dependent dioxygenases with a K_i of 10.87 mM. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid binds and inhibits ATP synthase and inhibits mTOR signaling .

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