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Results for "

neuropathic

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

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By Research Areas:	Cancer (71) Cardiovascular Disease (32) Endocrinology (8) Infection (22) Inflammation/Immunology (105) Metabolic Disease (21) Neurological Disease (361)
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Oligonucleotides:	Cholesterol (1)

408

Inhibitors & Agonists

Screening Libraries

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Peptides

Inhibitory Antibodies

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Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Click Chemistry

Oligonucleotides

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-B0246

Carbamazepine 15+ Cited Publications CBZ; NSC 169864	Sodium Channel Autophagy Mitophagy Potassium Channel Calcium Channel HDAC	Neurological Disease Cancer
Carbamazepine is an orally active pressure-sensitive sodium ion channel blocker with an IC₅₀ of 131 μM. Carbamazepine blocks voltage gated Na ⁺, Ca ²⁺, and K ⁺ channels, and is also a HDAC inhibitor (IC₅₀: 2 μM). Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant and can be used for research of epilepsy and neuropathic pain .

HY-A0057

Gabapentin 10+ Cited Publications	Calcium Channel	Neurological Disease Cancer
Gabapentin is a potent, orally active P/Q type Ca ²⁺ channel blocker. Gabapentin inhibits neuronal Ca ²⁺ influx and reduction of neurotransmitter release. Gabapentin is a GABA analog that can be used to relieve neuropathic pain .

HY-108449

Acoltremon 2 Publications Verification WS-12; AR-15512; AVX-012	TRP Channel	Neurological Disease
Acoltremon (WS-12; AR-15512) is a potent and selective TRPM8 agonist, the menthol derivative, as a cooling agent. Acoltremon shows analgesic effect, and can be used in chronic neuropathic pain research .

HY-125079

DSP-2230 ANP-230	Sodium Channel	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
DSP-2230 is the orally active inhibitor for voltage-gated sodium channel that inhibits Nav1.7-, Nav1.8-, and Nav1.9-derived sodium currents with IC₅₀s of 7.1 μM, 11.4 μM and 6.7 μM, respectively. DSP-2230 can be used to improve neuropathic pain .

HY-156815

YL-365	Orphan GPCR	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
YL-365 is a potent and selective GPR34 antagonist with an IC₅₀ of 17 nM. YL-365 binds to a portion of the orthosteric binding pocket of GPR34 and induces allosteric changes that stabilize the receptor in an inactive conformation. YL-365 down-regulates expression of the proinflammatory gene iNOS in M1 microglia and suppresses proinflammatory responses. YL-365 reduces mechanical allodynia in a dose-dependent manner in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. YL-365 can be used for the research of neuropathic pain .

HY-142240

Crisugabalin HSK16149	Calcium Channel	Neurological Disease
Crisugabalin is an orally active, selective ligand for the α2δ subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels, with a target IC₅₀ of 3.96 nM in rats. Crisugabalin inhibits the binding of [ ³H]gabapentin to the α2δ subunit, reduces calcium influx, decreases neuronal excitability, and impairs nociceptive transmission. Crisugabalin alleviates mechanical allodynia, neuropathic pain and inflammatory pain in rats, and reduces phase II pain behaviors. Crisugabalin can be used in research related to chronic pain, neuropathic pain, diabetic neuropathy, fibromyalgia, inflammatory pain, diabetic peripheral neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia.

HY-A0057A

Gabapentin hydrochloride 10+ Cited Publications	Calcium Channel	Neurological Disease Cancer
Gabapentin hydrochloride is a potent, orally active P/Q type Ca ²⁺ channel blocker. Gabapentin hydrochloride inhibits neuronal Ca ²⁺ influx and reduction of neurotransmitter release. Gabapentin hydrochloride is a GABA analog that can be used to relieve neuropathic pain .

HY-100771

PCC0208009	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Cardiovascular Disease
PCC0208009 is a potent IDO inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 4.52 nM in HeLa cell. PCC0208009 alleviates neuropathic pain and comorbidities by regulating synaptic plasticity of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and amygdala .

HY-15451

MDA 19 2 Publications Verification BZO-HEXOXIZID	Cannabinoid Receptor	Neurological Disease
MDA 19 is a potent and selective agonist of human cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), with a K_i of 43.3 nM. MDA 19 has antiallodynic effects in a rat model of neuropathic pain and does not affect rat locomotor activity .

HY-16935

Mavatrep JNJ-39439335	TRP Channel	Neurological Disease
Mavatrep (JNJ-39439335) is an orally active, selective and potent TRPV1 antagonist with high affinity for hTRPV1 channels (K_i=6.5 nM). Mavatrep antagonizes capsaicin-induced Ca ²⁺ influx with an IC₅₀ value of 4.6 nM. Mavatrep can be used in some studies of neuropathic pain .

HY-P0244

Dermorphin	Opioid Receptor	Neurological Disease
Dermorphin is a natural heptapeptide μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist found in amphibian skin. Inhibition of neuropathic pain .

HY-103111

MMPIP hydrochloride	mGluR	Neurological Disease
MMPIP hydrochloride is an allosteric metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7) selective antagonist (K_B values 24 -30 nM). MMPIP hydrochloride acts as a pharmacological tool for elucidating the roles of mGluR7 on central nervous system functions. MMPIP hydrochloride alleviates pain and normalizes affective and cognitive behavior in neuropathic mice .

HY-100080

A-887826	Sodium Channel	Neurological Disease
A-887826 is a potent, selective, oral bioavailable and voltage-dependent Na(v)1.8 sodium channel blocker with an IC₅₀ of 11 nM . A-887826 attenuates neuropathic tactile allodynia in vivo .

HY-19636

JNJ-42165279	FAAH Autophagy	Neurological Disease
JNJ-42165279 is an orally active FAAH inhibitor, with IC₅₀ values of 70 nM for hFAAH and 313 nM for rFAAH. JNJ-42165279 can be used in research related to the field of neuropathic pain .

HY-B0246R

Carbamazepine (Standard) CBZ (Standard); NSC 169864 (Standard)	Reference Standards Sodium Channel Autophagy Mitophagy Potassium Channel Calcium Channel HDAC	Neurological Disease Cancer
Carbamazepine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Carbamazepine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Carbamazepine is an orally active pressure-sensitive sodium ion channel blocker with an IC₅₀ of 131 μM. Carbamazepine blocks voltage gated Na ⁺, Ca ²⁺, and K ⁺ channels, and is also a HDAC inhibitor (IC₅₀: 2 μM). Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant and can be used for research of epilepsy and neuropathic pain .

HY-156684

Nedizantrep GDC-6599	TRP Channel	Neurological Disease
GDC-6599 is an orally active TRPA1 inhibitor, with IC₅₀ values of 5.3 nM in humans, 6.6 nM in rats, 9.3 nM in dogs, 7.2 nM in monkeys, and 15 nM in guinea pigs. GDC-6599 can be used in the research of neuropathic pain and respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic cough .

HY-133130

JNJ-42226314 1 Publications Verification	MAGL	Neurological Disease
JNJ-42226314, a chemical probe, is a competitive, highly selective and reversible non-covalent monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor. JNJ-42226314 demonstrates dose-dependent enhancement of the major endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) as well as efficacy in models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain .

HY-131004

CB2R PAM	Cannabinoid Receptor	Neurological Disease
CB2R PAM is an orally active cannabinoid type-2 receptors (CB2Rs) positive allosteric modulator. CB2R PAM displays antinociceptive activity in vivo in an experimental mouse model of neuropathic pain .

HY-129421

PA-9	PACAP Receptor	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
PA-9 is a pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) type I (PAC1) receptor antagonist. PA-9 dose dependently inhibits PACAP-induced cAMP elevation with an IC₅₀ of 5.6 nM. PA-9 can be used for the research of neuropathic and/or inflammatory pain .

HY-164803

CBD3063	Calcium Channel	Inflammation/Immunology
CBD3063 is a selective modulator of collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). CBD3063 uncouples Cav2.2 from CRMP2. CBD3063 reverses neuropathic and inflammatory pain by reducing membrane expression of CaV2.2 .

HY-107503

MMPIP	mGluR	Neurological Disease
MMPIP is an allosteric metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7) selective antagonist (K_B values 24 -30 nM). MMPIP acts as a pharmacological tool for elucidating the roles of mGluR7 on central nervous system functions. MMPIP alleviates pain and normalizes affective and cognitive behavior in neuropathic mice .

HY-117714

AZD-3161	Sodium Channel	Neurological Disease
AZD-3161 is a potent and selective blocker of Na_V1.7 channel, with a pIC₅₀ of 7.1. AZD-3161 can be used for the research of neuropathic and inflammatory pain .

HY-14900

Tedalinab 1 Publications Verification GRC-10693	Cannabinoid Receptor	Inflammation/Immunology
Tedalinab (GRC-10693) is a potent, orally active, and selective cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonist. Tedalinab has >4700-fold functional selectivity for CB2 over CB1. Tedalinab has potential for neuropathic pain and osteoarthritis treatment .

HY-W987949

Z-4105	Others	Neurological Disease
Z-4105 is an orally active nootropic agent. Z-4105 reverses the amnesic effects of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) and methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM), and improves learning and memory functions. Z-4105 enhances the activity of the brain cholinergic system without affecting other neurotransmitter systems. Z-4105 significantly alleviates neuropathic pain in rats. Z-4105 can be used in the research of neuropathic pain and brain dysfunction .

HY-19876

PL37 Debio-0827	Opioid Receptor Aminopeptidase Neprilysin	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
PL37 (Debio-0827) is an orally active Enkephalinase dual inhibitor (dual inhibition refers to the simultaneous inhibition of Neutral Endopeptidase and Aminopeptidase N activities). PL37 exerts its anti-hyperalgesic effects by activating μ-opioid receptors (µ-opioid receptors), with an ED₅₀ value of 13.4 mg/kg for analgesic effects in mice. PL37 can be used to study diabetic neuropathic pain .

HY-125111

PSB-SB-487	GPR55 Cannabinoid Receptor	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
PSB-SB-487 is a potent GPR55 antagonist and CB₂ agonist with an IC₅₀ value of 0.113 µM for GPR55, and a K_i value of 0.292 µM for human CB₂. PSB-SB-487 can be used for researching diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, neuropathic pain, and cancer .

HY-114901

A-134974	Adenosine Kinase	Neurological Disease
A-134974 is a novel, high-selectivity adenosine kinase (IC₅₀ = 60 pM) inhibitor. A-134974 enhances endogenous adenosine signaling in the spinal cord, effectively alleviates neuropathic pain, and does not cause movement disorders. A-134974 can be used for the study of neuropathic pain .

HY-101228

PSB-12054	P2X Receptor	Neurological Disease
PSB-12054 is a selective P2X4 antagonist with an IC₅₀ of 0.189 μM at human P2X4 receptors. PSB-12054 can be used in the research of neuropathic pain and neurodegenerative diseases .

HY-147306

ZLc-002	NO Synthase	Neurological Disease
ZLc-002 is a selective inhibitor of nNOS-Capon coupling. ZLc-002 suppresses inflammatory nociception and chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. ZLc-002 can be used for the research of anxiety disorder and inflammation .

HY-138693

ST4070	FAAH	Neurological Disease
ST4070 is a potent, orally active, and selective reversible fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor. ST4070 increases endocannabinoid (eCB) brain levels and counteracts neuropathic pain in animal models. ST4070 enhances the endogenous eCB tone in specific brain regions engaged in emotional control, and induces remarkable anxiolytic-like behaviours in rodents. ST4070 can be used for neuropathic pain and anxiety disorders research .

HY-132133

Nav1.8-IN-1	Sodium Channel	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Nav1.8-IN-1 (Compound 31) is a potent inhibitor of Na(v)1.8 sodium channel. Nav1.8-IN-1 has the potential for the research of inflammatory and neuropathic pain .

HY-107656

PTAC oxalate	mAChR	Neurological Disease
PTAC oxalate is a selective muscarinic receptor ligand. PTAC oxalate is an partial agonist of M2 and M4 but antagonist of M1, M3, and M5 (K_i values of 0.2-2.8 nM for hM1-5 in CHO cells). PTAC oxalate alleviates the mechanical allodynia on the neuropathic pain and has antidepression effects .

HY-119282

AZD6538	mGluR	Neurological Disease
AZD6538 is a potent, selective and brain penetrant mGluR5 negative allosteric modulator. AZD6538 inhibits DHPG (HY-12598A)-stimulated intracellular Ca2+ release in HEK cells expressing rat or human mGluR5, with IC₅₀ values of 3.2 and 13.4 nM for rat mGluR5 and human mGluR5, respectively. AZD6538 can be used for the research of neuropathic pain .

HY-P3618

Cortistatin-29 (reduced)	Somatostatin Receptor	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Cortistatin-29 is a neuropeptide. Cortistatin-29 alleviates neuropathic pain. Cortistatin-29 binds all somatostatin (SS) receptor subtypes with high affinity and shows IC₅₀ values of 2.8 nM, 7.1 nM, 0.2 nM, 3.0 nM, 13.7 nM for SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, SSTR5, respectively. Cortistatin-29 shows anti-fibrotic effects .

HY-124277

ADM 12	TRP Channel	Neurological Disease
ADM 12 is a highly selective transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel antagonist. ADM 12 blocks nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced trigeminal hyperalgesia in animal models, reducing expression of pain-related genes (c-Fos, TRPA1) and neuropeptides (CGRP, SP). ADM_12 is promising for research of migraine and neuropathic pain .

HY-12909

MK-4409	FAAH	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
MK-4409 is a potent oxazole FAAH inhibitor and can be used for the research of inflammatory and neuropathic pain .

HY-159113

PCC0105003	MARK	Neurological Disease
PCC0105003 is a potent MARK inhibitor. PCC0105003 can be used in the study of neuropathic pain .

HY-113608

VCP171	Adenosine Receptor	Neurological Disease
VCP171 is a potent adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) positive allosteric modulator (PAM). VCP171 is effective at decreasing excitatory synaptic currents in Lamina II of neuropathic pain model. VCP171 can be used for researching neuropathic pain .

HY-143263

FAAH/MAGL-IN-1	FAAH MAGL	Neurological Disease
FAAH/MAGL-IN-1 (compound SIH 3) is a potent FAAH and MAGL inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 31 nM and 29 nM, respectively. FAAH/MAGL-IN-1 has the potential for the research of neuropathic pain .

HY-B0161E

(±)-Duloxetine hydrochloride (Rac)-Duloxetine hydrochloride	Serotonin Transporter	Neurological Disease
(±)-Duloxetine ((Rac)-Duloxetine) hydrochloride is the racemate of Duloxetine hydrochloride. Duloxetine hydrochloride, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, can be used for diabetic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia as well as major depressive disorder research .

HY-P3431

VSGLNPSLWSIFGLQFILLWLVSGSRHYLW	iGluR	Neurological Disease
VSGLNPSLWSIFGLQFILLWLVSGSRHYLW is a 30-amino-acid peptide mimicking the C-terminal domain of α2δ-1, termed as α2δ-1Tat peptide. VSGLNPSLWSIFGLQFILLWLVSGSRHYLW can effectively interrupt the α2δ-1 - NMDAR interaction in vitro and in vivo. VSGLNPSLWSIFGLQFILLWLVSGSRHYLW can be used for researching neuropathic pain .

HY-143880

MRGPRX1 agonist 4	Mas-related G-protein-coupled Receptor (MRGPR)	Neurological Disease
MRGPRX1 agonist 4 (compound 1t) is a potent and orally active Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X1 (MRGPRX1) positive allosteric modulator with an EC₅₀ value of 0.1 μM. MRGPRX1 agonist 4 has good metabolic stability and oral bioavailability. MRGPRX1 agonist 4 can reduce behavioral heat hypersensitivity in a neuropathic pain model humanized MRGPRX1 mice. MRGPRX1 agonist 4 can be used for researching neuropathic pain .

HY-156220

MRS4654	P2Y Receptor	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
MRS4654 is an efficient and neutral P2Y14R (hP2Y14R IC₅₀ = 15.0 nM, mP2Y14R IC₅₀ = 18.6 nM) antagonist. MRS4654 has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. MRS4654 can be used for research on asthma and neuropathic pain .

HY-160083

KCC2 Modulator-3	Potassium Channel	Neurological Disease
KCC2 Modulator-3 (Example 54) is a KCC2 modulator with an EC₅₀ of 0.253  μM. KCC2 Modulator-3 can be used for neurological disorders research, such as epilepsy, neuropathic pain and Rett's syndrme .

HY-133195

Nefopam Fenazoxine	Sodium Channel	Neurological Disease
Nefopam (Fenazoxine) is an orally active, non-opioid and non-steroidal centrally acting analgesic agent. Nefopam blocks voltage-sensitive sodium channels (IC₅₀=27 μM) and modulates glutamatergic transmission in rodents. Nefopam can be used in studies of neuropathic pain, anticonvulsant, as well as the prevention of postoperative shivering and hiccups .

HY-P0244A

Dermorphin TFA	Opioid Receptor	Neurological Disease
Dermorphin TFA is a natural heptapeptide μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist found in amphibian skin. Inhibition of neuropathic pain .

HY-110255

AZD 2066 1 Publications Verification	mGluR Calcium Channel Trk Receptor	Neurological Disease
AZD-2066 is a selective, orally active and blood-brain barrier-permeating mGluR5 antagonist. AZD 2066 activates the BDNF/trkB signaling pathway. AZD 2066 can be used in the research of neuropathic pain, major depressive disorder and gastroesophageal reflux disease .

HY-120484

A-1048400	Calcium Channel	Neurological Disease
A-1048400 is an orally active and selective calcium channel inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 1.4 μM for N-type channels, 1.2 μM for T-type channel. A-1048400 inhibits neurotransmitter release and reduces membrane hyperexcitability, exerting potent analgesic activity. A-1048400 is promising for research of neuropathic pain (e.g., pain induced by spinal nerve ligation and chronic constriction injury) .

HY-143264

FAAH/MAGL-IN-2	FAAH MAGL	Neurological Disease
FAAH/MAGL-IN-2 is a potent, reversible, orally active, and cross the blood-brain barrier FAAH and MAGL inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 11 nM and 36 nM (K_is of 28 nM and 60 nM), respectively . FAAH/MAGL-IN-2 has the potential to research neuropathic pain without causing locomotion impairment .

HY-19403

TKA-731	Neurokinin Receptor	Neurological Disease
TKA-731 is an NK1 receptor antagonist. TKA-731 can reverse mechanical hyperalgesia and has shown analgesic effects in a neuropathic pain model in guinea pigs. TKA-731 can be used in the research of neuropathic pain .

Cat. No.	Product Name

HY-L923

Ion Channel Lead-like Compound Library

9000 compounds

Ion channels are key proteins on the cell membrane that regulate the flow of ions across membranes. They participate in nearly all physiological processes, including nerve conduction, muscle contraction, heart rhythm, and pain perception. Abnormalities in their function can lead to various serious diseases such as arrhythmia, epilepsy, hypertension, neuropathic pain, and cancer. Therefore, ion channels are highly valuable drug targets—over 15% of approved drugs target ion channels currently, demonstrating their irreplaceable therapeutic value in cardiovascular, neurological, and analgesic fields.

MCE has collected a library of over 5,000 reported ion channel-related bioactive compounds targeting major sites such as Na+ channels, K+ channels, Ca2+ channels, GABA receptors, iGluRs, and others. Using AI models, these compounds are characterized through both 2D representations (molecular fingerprints, pharmacophores) and 3D representations (3D conformation) to screen for a collection of lead-like compounds highly similar to known active molecules. Additionally, an hERG channel prediction algorithm integrating XGB and ISE mapping strategy is employed to assess and exclude potential cardiotoxicity in the library.. This step significantly reduces safety risks in subsequent screenings, particularly for ion channel drug development related to cardiovascular systems (e.g., Nav1.5, Cav1.2), effectively minimizing failures due to hERG inhibition and serving as a valuable tool for ion channel drug screening.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-B1661

Hexamethonium chloride

Hexone chloride

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Hexamethonium Chloride Dihydrate is a synthetic organic compound commonly used as a ganglion blocking agent, which means it blocks the transmission of nerve impulses between ganglion cells in the autonomic nervous system. Hexamethonium Chloride Dihydrate is used in various medical applications such as lowering blood pressure or inhibiting certain types of neuropathic pain. It works by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in regulating many bodily functions.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-P10638

TAT-CN21	CaMK	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
TAT-CN21 is a potent CaMKII inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 77.2 nM. TAT-CN21 inhibits both calcium/calmodulin-dependent and autonomously activated CaMKII, blocks glutamate-induced translocation of CaMK IIα, and reverses the enhanced phosphorylation of CaMKII at Thr286 following excitotoxic injury. TAT-CN21 shows application potential in studies related to ischemic stroke by reducing neuronal excitotoxicity and exacerbating pre-existing long-term neuronal death prior to injury. TAT-CN21 improves definitive behaviors in rats with residual nerve injury without altering indicators such as mechanical/thermal hyperalgesia or spatial memory. TAT-CN21 can also be used in studies related to neuropathic pain .

HY-P1137

10Panx 1 Publications Verification	Gap Junction Protein	Others
10Panx is a competitive inhibitor of selective Pannexin 1 (PANX1) channels. 10Panx blocks the opening of PANX1 channels, inhibits ATP release and downstream P2X7 receptor-mediated signaling pathways, thereby reducing cell death and inflammatory responses. 10Panx can be used in the study of diseases such as neuropathic pain, inflammatory bowel disease, and Clostridioides difficile infection. 10Panx can effectively reduce mechanical hyperalgesia and enhanced C-reflexes, and inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6[1][2][3].

HY-P1248

Neuropeptide FF NPFF	Neuropeptide FF Receptor	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
Neuropeptide FF (NPFF), an octapeptide belonging to the RF-amide family of peptides, is a NPFF1 and NPFF2 receptors agonist with K_i values of 2.82 nM and 0.21 nM, respectively. Neuropeptide FF induces abstinence syndrome, exerts antiopioid and analgesic effects, releases via calcium-dependent mechanisms from rat spinal cord, regulates memory, autonomic function, and neuroendocrine function, modulates pain and opioid antinociception, reduces food intake, stimulates water intake, alters cardiovascular parameters, and shows differential activity in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons. Neuropeptide FF is present in mammalian central nervous system and periphery, with NPFF-immunoreactivity increases in rat cerebrospinal fluid during opiate tolerance, and its NPFF gene and NPFF-R2 gene are up-regulated in rat spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia during peripheral inflammation. Neuropeptide FF can be used for the research of opioid tolerance, morphine-induced analgesia, abstinence syndrome, pain, hypertension, nociception, inflammatory pain, and neuropathic pain .

HY-P0244

Dermorphin	Opioid Receptor	Neurological Disease
Dermorphin is a natural heptapeptide μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist found in amphibian skin. Inhibition of neuropathic pain .

HY-P1626

Acetyl tetrapeptide-15	Opioid Receptor	Neurological Disease
Acetyl tetrapeptide-15 is a synthetic peptide. Acetyl tetrapeptide-15 is derived from endomorphin-2 (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2), a human μ-opioid agonist with selective anti-nociceptive effect. Acetyl tetrapeptide-15 reduces skin hyperreactivity producing inflammatory, chronic and neuropathic pain, by increasing the threshold of neuronal excitability in μ-opioid receptor via an endorphin-like pathway. Acetyl tetrapeptide-15 is used in the cosmetics for sensitive skin .

HY-P1220A

Huwentoxin-IV TFA	Sodium Channel	Neurological Disease
Huwentoxin-IV TFA is a potent and selective sodium channel blocker, inhibits neuronal Nav1.7, Nav1.2, Nav1.3 and Nav1.4 with IC₅₀s of 26, 150, 338 and 400 nM, respectively. Huwentoxin-IV TFA preferentially blocks peripheral nerve subtype Nav1.7 by binding neurotoxin receptor site 4. Huwentoxin-IV TFA has analgesic effects on animal models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain .

HY-P3618

Cortistatin-29 (reduced)	Somatostatin Receptor	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Cortistatin-29 is a neuropeptide. Cortistatin-29 alleviates neuropathic pain. Cortistatin-29 binds all somatostatin (SS) receptor subtypes with high affinity and shows IC₅₀ values of 2.8 nM, 7.1 nM, 0.2 nM, 3.0 nM, 13.7 nM for SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, SSTR5, respectively. Cortistatin-29 shows anti-fibrotic effects .

HY-P3431

VSGLNPSLWSIFGLQFILLWLVSGSRHYLW	iGluR	Neurological Disease
VSGLNPSLWSIFGLQFILLWLVSGSRHYLW is a 30-amino-acid peptide mimicking the C-terminal domain of α2δ-1, termed as α2δ-1Tat peptide. VSGLNPSLWSIFGLQFILLWLVSGSRHYLW can effectively interrupt the α2δ-1 - NMDAR interaction in vitro and in vivo. VSGLNPSLWSIFGLQFILLWLVSGSRHYLW can be used for researching neuropathic pain .

HY-P0244A

Dermorphin TFA	Opioid Receptor	Neurological Disease
Dermorphin TFA is a natural heptapeptide μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist found in amphibian skin. Inhibition of neuropathic pain .

HY-P1220

Huwentoxin-IV	Sodium Channel	Neurological Disease
Huwentoxin-IV is a potent and selective sodium channel blocker, inhibits neuronal Nav1.7, Nav1.2, Nav1.3 and Nav1.4 with IC₅₀s of 26, 150, 338 and 400 nM, respectively. Huwentoxin-IV preferentially blocks peripheral nerve subtype Nav1.7 by binding neurotoxin receptor site 4. Huwentoxin-IV has analgesic effects on animal models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain .

HY-P3223A

Biphalin acetate	Opioid Receptor	Neurological Disease
Biphalin acetate, a BBB-penetrable opioid peptide analog, contains two active enkephalin pharmacophores.Biphalin acetate has high affinity for opioid receptors. Biphalin acetate shows analgesic effect in acute, neuropathic, and chronic animal pain models. Biphalin acetate is also an antiviral, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective agent .

HY-16525

XEN-2174	Monoamine Transporter Adrenergic Receptor	Neurological Disease
XEN-2174 is a noradrenaline transporter (NET) inhibitor. XEN-2174 inhibits the reuptake of noradrenaline through non-competitive inhibition, increasing the concentration of noradrenaline in the synaptic cleft, thereby activating α2-adrenergic receptor at the spinal level and exerting analgesic effects. XEN-2174 exhibits long-lasting analgesic effects in models of neuropathic pain and postoperative pain in rats. XEN-2174 can be used in pain research .

HY-P3431A

VSGLNPSLWSIFGLQFILLWLVSGSRHYLW TFA	iGluR	Neurological Disease
VSGLNPSLWSIFGLQFILLWLVSGSRHYLW (TFA) is a 30-amino-acid peptide mimicking the C-terminal domain of α2δ-1, termed as α2δ-1Tat peptide. VSGLNPSLWSIFGLQFILLWLVSGSRHYLW can effectively interrupt the α2δ-1 - NMDAR interaction in vitro and in vivo. VSGLNPSLWSIFGLQFILLWLVSGSRHYLW can be used for researching neuropathic pain .

HY-P1129

AR-M1896	Neuropeptide Y Receptor	Neurological Disease
AR-M1896 is a GalR2 selective agonist with a binding IC₅₀ of 1.76 nM for rat GalR2. AR-M1896 can be used for the research of acute myocardial infarction and neuropathic pain .

HY-P2150

Cortistatin-29 (rat)	Somatostatin Receptor	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Cortistatin-29 is a neuropeptide. Cortistatin-29 alleviates neuropathic pain. Cortistatin-29 binds all somatostatin (SS) receptor subtypes with high affinity and shows IC₅₀ values of 2.8 nM, 7.1 nM, 0.2 nM, 3.0 nM, 13.7 nM for SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, SSTR5, respectively. Cortistatin-29 shows anti-fibrotic effects .

HY-P3223

Biphalin TFA	Opioid Receptor	Neurological Disease
Biphalin TFA, a BBB-penetrable opioid peptide analog, contains two active enkephalin pharmacophores. Biphalin TFA has high affinity for opioid receptors. Biphalin TFA shows analgesic effect in acute, neuropathic, and chronic animal pain models. Biphalin TFA is also an antiviral, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective agent .

HY-P11249

Mr1.1[S4Dap, C16Pen]	nAChR	Neurological Disease
Mr1.1[S4Dap, C16Pen] is a highly active and selective nAChR (human α9α10 nAChR IC₅₀ = 4.0 nM, rat α9α10 nAChR IC₅₀ = 2.7 nM) inhibitor. Mr1.1[S4Dap, C16Pen] can significantly relieve pain and has significant stability. Mr1.1[S4Dap, C16Pen] can be used for the study of neuropathic pain .

HY-182539

DD04107	CGRP Receptor	Others Neurological Disease
DD04107 is a neuronal exocytosis inhibitor with a rat Syt1-C2B domain binding K_a of 2.4 μM. DD04107 interferes with synaptobrevin-syntaxin-SNAP-25 complex formation and Syt1-SNARE complex interaction to block α-calcitonin gene-related peptide (α-CGRP) exocytotic release from primary sensory neurons. DD04107 blocks inflammatory ion channel recruitment to nociceptor plasma membranes. DD04107 can be used for the research of chronic inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, osteosarcoma pain, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, inflammatory pain .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area	Image

HY-P990071

Fepixnebart LY-3016859	EGFR	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Fepixnebart (LY3016859) is a humanized monoclonal hIgG4 antibody, which binds and neutralizes only TGFα and epiregulin with high affinity. Fepixnebart can be used for the study of diabetic nephropathy and broad-spectrum chronic pain, including diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP), signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis (OA), and chronic low back pain (CLBP) .

HY-P992012

CA1001	Opioid Receptor	Neurological Disease Cancer
CA1001 is a small-molecule ZNF74 inhibitor and a peripherally restricted κ/δ dual opioid receptor agonist. CA1001 exhibits potent antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. CA1001, in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors, significantly enhances tumor regression. CA1001 activates peripherally restricted κ/δ dual opioid receptors and exerts analgesic effects under conditions of inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, and mechanical hyperalgesia. CA1001 can be used in research related to melanoma, mechanical hyperalgesia, neuropathic pain, and inflammatory arthritis pain.

HY-P991478

RLVT-14-02	MMP	Neurological Disease
RLVT-14-02 is a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting MMP14. RLVT-14-02 can be used in neuropathic pain research.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-N0488

Vincristine sulfate Maximum Cited Publications 74 Publications Verification Leurocristine sulfate; NSC-67574 sulfate; 22-Oxovincaleukoblastine sulfate	Apocynaceae Alkaloids Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Anti-aging Plants Disease Research Fields Alkaloid Dimers Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don Source Classification Cancer	Apoptosis Microtubule/Tubulin Mitosis
Vincristine (Leurocristine; NSC-67574; 22-Oxovincaleukoblastine) sulfate is a microtubule inhibitor that disrupts microtubule polymerization by binding to β-tubulin (with a K_i of 85 nM in bovine), arrests the cell cycle and induces apoptosis. Vincristine sulfate inhibits cell replication, tumor blood flow and the proliferation of various cancer cells, while triggering effects such as oxidative stress, inflammation, calcium overload, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and peripheral neuropathic pain. Vincristine sulfate upregulates the expression of various transporters and nuclear receptors, and enriches gastric cancer stem-like cells. Vincristine sulfate is used in research related to various tumors including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphoma, melanoma, gastric cancer, solid tumors and sarcomas .

HY-N0488A

Vincristine Maximum Cited Publications 74 Publications Verification Leurocristine; NSC-67574; 22-Oxovincaleukoblastine	Apocynaceae Alkaloids Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Plants Disease Research Fields Alkaloid Dimers Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don Source Classification Cancer	Apoptosis Microtubule/Tubulin Mitosis
Vincristine (Leurocristine; NSC-67574; 22-Oxovincaleukoblastine) is a microtubule inhibitor that disrupts microtubule polymerization by binding to β-tubulin (with a K_i of 85 nM in bovine), arrests the cell cycle and induces apoptosis. Vincristine inhibits cell replication, tumor blood flow and the proliferation of various cancer cells, while triggering effects such as oxidative stress, inflammation, calcium overload, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and peripheral neuropathic pain. Vincristine upregulates the expression of various transporters and nuclear receptors, and enriches gastric cancer stem-like cells. Vincristine is used in research related to various tumors including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphoma, melanoma, gastric cancer, solid tumors and sarcomas .

HY-N0405

Orientin 5+ Cited Publications	Flavonoids other families Flavones Phenols Polyphenols Plants Source Classification	TNF Receptor Interleukin Related
Orientin is a neuroprotective agentinhibits which has anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative, anti-tumor, and cardio protection properties. Orientin inhibits the levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α. Orientin increases IL-10 level. Orientin exhibits neuroprotective effect by inhibits TLR4 and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Orientin can used in study neuropathic pain .

HY-N0131

Stigmasterol 10+ Cited Publications	Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Amaranthaceae Plants Endogenous metabolite Achyranthes bidentata Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification	MMP Endogenous Metabolite
Stigmasterol is an orally acitve, immunomodulatory agent with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effect, as well as able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Stigmasterol activates AMPK, which in turn inhibits NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways, reduces microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, and alleviates cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Stigmasterol regulates M1/M2 polarization of microglia through the TLR4/ NF-κB pathway, thereby reducing neuropathic pain. Stigmasterol can be used for neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory diseases, and pain management, among others .

HY-110252

Salvinorin B	Terpenoids Labiatae Encelia stenophylla Greene Diterpenoids Plants Source Classification	Opioid Receptor
Salvinorin B is a selective and brain-penetrant kappa opioid receptor (KOPr) agonist with an EC₅₀ of 248 nM and K_i of 2.95 μM. Salvinorin B activates downstream signaling pathways by binding to KOPr, inhibits pain transmission and reduces inflammatory response. Salvinorin B can be used for the researches of inflammation, immunology and neurological disease, such as neuropathic pain, multiple sclerosis and anxiety .

HY-N0478

Neoline 1 Publications Verification Bullatine B	Alkaloids Piperidine Alkaloids other families Plants Source Classification	Others
Neoline (Bullatine B) is the active ingredient of the active ingredient (PA), which can be used to cure the disease. Neoline Flow Suppression Nav1.7 Electrical Flow Control (VGSC), improve diabetes mechanical pain sensitivity. Neoline has a list of compounds that can be used, research on its use, and the quality of its processing during processing in pain .

HY-N5142

α-Terpineol 2 Publications Verification	Infection Structural Classification Other Monoterpenes Saururaceae Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Myrtaceae Plants Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Antibiotic Bacterial Fungal AMPK NF-κB
α-Terpineol (with oral activity) can be found in Eucalyptus globulus Labill. α-Terpineol exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria.α-Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes, and the activity might lead to irreversible cellular disruption. In addition, α-Terpineol exhibits antineuropathic and anti-inflammatory activities. α-Terpineol can be utilized in research related to diarrhea, neuropathic pain, infections, and inflammation .

HY-N6967

Levomenol (-)-α-Bisabolol	Structural Classification other families Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Plants Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Apoptosis
Levomenol ((-)-α-Bisabolol), a monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol, exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. Levomenol also has neuroprotective effects and prevents neuronal damage and memory deficits through reduction of proinflammatory markers induced by permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Levomenol attenuates nociceptive behaviour and central sensitisation in a rodent model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. Orally active .

HY-17387

(-)-Huperzine A 5+ Cited Publications Huperzine A	Structural Classification Alkaloids Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Anti-aging Terpenoids Huperziaceae Sesquiterpenes Pyridine Alkaloids Huperzia serrata Plants Disease Research Fields	Cholinesterase (ChE) iGluR
(-)-Huperzine A (Huperzine A) is an alkaloid isolated from Huperzia serrata, with neuroprotective activity. (-)-Huperzine A is a potent, highly specific, reversible and blood-brain barrier penetrant inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), with an IC₅₀ of 82 nM. (-)-Huperzine A also is non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate (NMDA) receptor. (-)-Huperzine A is developed for the research of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease .

HY-Y0790

Cuminaldehyde 1 Publications Verification p-Isopropylbenzaldehyde	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Rudbeckia laciniata L. Umbelliferae Plants Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Environmental Pollutants α-synuclein
Cuminaldehyde is the main component of Cuminum cyminum and has multiple biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-injury, anti-neuropathy and antibacterial effects. Cuminaldehyde is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (IC₅₀= 0.00085 mg/mL), α-glucosidase (IC₅₀=0.5 mg/mL) and lipoxygenase (IC₅₀=1370 μM). Cuminaldehyde also inhibits the fibrillation of α-synuclein and prevents its aggregation. Cuminaldehyde has potential application value in the research of neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, diabetes and neuropathic pain diseases .

HY-P0244

Dermorphin	Natural Products Animals Phenols Polyphenols Source Classification	Opioid Receptor
Dermorphin is a natural heptapeptide μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist found in amphibian skin. Inhibition of neuropathic pain .

HY-N0630

Shanzhiside methyl ester 1 Publications Verification	Iridoids Terpenoids Labiatae Phaseolus lunatus L. Plants Source Classification	GCGR
Shanzhiside methy lester is isolated from lamiophlomis rotata. Shanzhiside methyl ester is a small molecule glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist and has the ability to induce anti-allodynic tolerance .

HY-N1478

Gardenoside 2 Publications Verification	Iridoids Terpenoids Rubiaceae Plants Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Source Classification	P2X Receptor Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Gardenoside is an orally active natural compound found in Gardenia fruits. Gardenoside reliefs chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain by regulating the P2X3 and P2X7 receptors. Gardenoside has an inhibitory effect on free fatty acids (FFA)-induced cellular steatosis. Gardenoside reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Gardenoside can be used for anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and hepatoprotective study .

HY-N2071

Cedrol 1 Publications Verification (+)-Cedrol; α-Cedrol	Structural Classification Cedrus deodara (Roxburgh) G. Don Classification of Application Fields Pinaceae Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Environmental Pollutants Cytochrome P450 Apoptosis Fungal Caspase Platelet-activating Factor Receptor (PAFR)
Cedrol is a potent competitive inhibitor of cytochrome P-450(CYP) enzyme. Cedrol plays an anticancer role by inducing cell cycle arrest and Caspase-dependent apoptosis. Cedrol acts as a neutrophil agonist that can desensitize cells to subsequent stimulation of N-formyl peptides. Cedrol prevents neuropathic pain caused by chronic contractile injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, Cedrol has antibacterial, hair loss prevention and anti-anxiety properties .

HY-N0412

Sesamoside	Structural Classification Iridoids Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Labiatae Phaseolus lunatus L. Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	PERK JNK TNF Receptor Interleukin Related
Sesamoside is an orally active anti-inflammatory, anti-hypoxic and analgesic agent. Sesamoside inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK, downregulates NLRP3 expression, restricts the nuclear localization of P65, regulates AKR1B1 expression, and reduces the expression of TRPV1 gene in the spinal cord. Sesamoside reduces the production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS and NO, restores cellular metabolism and organ function, and alleviates cold and mechanical hyperalgesia. Sesamoside can be used in research related to septic shock, high-altitude pulmonary edema and neuropathic pain .

HY-N3710

Dehydrocrenatidine Kumujian G; O-Methylpicrasidine I	Alkaloids Simaroubaceae Pyridine Alkaloids Plants Source Classification	JAK Apoptosis
Dehydrocrenatidine, a natural alkaloid, is a specific JAK inhibitor. Dehydrocrenatidine inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels and ameliorates mechanic allodia in a rat model of neuropathic pain .

HY-W097625

6-Methoxyflavone	Flavonoids Flavones Thymelaeaceae Plants Pimelea simplex F.Muell. Source Classification	Toll-like Receptor (TLR) MyD88 p38 MAPK NF-κB Heme Oxygenase (HO)
6-Methoxyflavone is an orally active methoxyflavone. 6-Methoxyflavone suppresses neuroinflammation in microglia through the inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/p38 MAPK/NF-κB dependent pathways and the activation of HO-1/NQO-1 signaling. 6-Methoxyflavone induces S-phase arrest through the CCNA2/CDK2/p21CIP1 signaling pathway in HeLa cells. 6-Methoxyflavone inhibits NFAT Translocation into the nucleus and suppresses T cell activation. 6-Methoxyflavone partially restores chronic ethanol-induced behavioral deficits in mice. 6-Methoxyflavone antagonizes chronic constriction injury and diabetes associated neuropathic nociception expression. 6-Methoxyflavone can be used for the study of cancer, inflammation and neurological diseases .

HY-N2573

Corydalmine L-Corydalmine; TLZ-16	Alkaloids Monophenols Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang Phenols Plants Isoquinoline Alkaloids Papaveraceae Source Classification	Fungal CXCR
Corydalmine (L-Corydalmine) inhibits spore germination of some plant pathogenic as well as saprophytic fungi . Corydalmine acts as an oral analgesic agent, exhibiting potent analgesic activity . Corydalmine alleviates Vincristine-induced neuropathic pain in mice by inhibiting an NF-κB-dependent CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling pathway .

HY-W028263

6-Hydroxyflavanone	Flavonoids Flavonones Muntingia calabura L. Plants Muntingiaceae Source Classification	COX Opioid Receptor GABA Receptor Lipoxygenase
6-Hydroxyflavanone is a compound that can be isolated from the Muntingia calabura leaves. 6-Hydroxyflavanone targets cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), and opioid and GABA-A receptors that has anti-inflammatory and anti-neuropathic pain potential. 6-Hydroxyflavanone can be used for the research of diabetes .

HY-P0244A

Dermorphin TFA	Animals Phenols Polyphenols Source Classification	Opioid Receptor
Dermorphin TFA is a natural heptapeptide μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist found in amphibian skin. Inhibition of neuropathic pain .

HY-W712539

Homodihydrocapsaicin II	Structural Classification Monophenols Capsicum annuum L. Phenols Solanaceae Plants Source Classification	Drug Derivative
Homodihydrocapsaicin II is a capsaicinoid with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, which is found in capsicum fruits. Homodihydrocapsaicin II is promising for research of inflammatory diseases and neuropathic pain .

HY-N0630R

Shanzhiside methyl ester (Standard)	Structural Classification Iridoids Terpenoids Labiatae Phaseolus lunatus L. Plants Source Classification	Reference Standards GCGR
Shanzhiside methyl ester (Standard) is the analytical standard of Shanzhiside methyl ester. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Shanzhiside methy lester is isolated from lamiophlomis rotata. Shanzhiside methyl ester is a small molecule glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist and has the ability to induce anti-allodynic tolerance .

HY-N1478R

Gardenoside (Standard)	Structural Classification Iridoids Terpenoids Rubiaceae Plants Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Source Classification	Reference Standards P2X Receptor Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Gardenoside is an orally active natural compound found in Gardenia fruits. Gardenoside reliefs chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain by regulating the P2X3 and P2X7 receptors. Gardenoside has an inhibitory effect on free fatty acids (FFA)-induced cellular steatosis. Gardenoside reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Gardenoside can be used for anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and hepatoprotective study .

HY-N6967R

Levomenol (Standard) (-)-α-Bisabolol (Standard)	Structural Classification other families Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Plants Source Classification	Reference Standards Apoptosis
Levomenol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Levomenol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Levomenol ((-)-α-Bisabolol), a monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol, exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. Levomenol also has neuroprotective effects and prevents neuronal damage and memory deficits through reduction of proinflammatory markers induced by permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Levomenol attenuates nociceptive behaviour and central sensitisation in a rodent model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. Orally active .

HY-N0405R

Orientin (Standard)	Structural Classification Flavonoids other families Flavones Phenols Polyphenols Plants Source Classification	Reference Standards TNF Receptor Interleukin Related
Orientin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Orientin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Orientin is a neuroprotective agentinhibits which has anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative, anti-tumor, and cardio protection properties. Orientin inhibits the levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α. Orientin increases IL-10 level. Orientin exhibits neuroprotective effect by inhibits TLR4 and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Orientin can used in study neuropathic pain .

HY-N4280

7,8-Dimethoxycoumarin 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Rutaceae Coumarins Phenylpropanoids Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Citrus reticulata Blanco Source Classification	Na+/K+ ATPase Glutathione Peroxidase NF-κB p38 MAPK Interleukin Related
7,8-Dimethoxycoumarin is a coumarin compound derived from Artemisia caruifolia with oral activity. 7,8-Dimethoxycoumarin inhibits mitochondrial permeability transition pore and H ⁺/K ⁺-ATPase, and exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, renoprotective, neuroprotective and gastroprotective effects. 7,8-Dimethoxycoumarin reduces lipid peroxidation (TBARS), increases GSH levels, inhibits myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and regulates the expression of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the NF‑κB and MAPK pathways. 7,8-Dimethoxycoumarin ameliorates gastric mucosal injury, alleviates renal tissue lesions and relieves neuropathic pain. 7,8-Dimethoxycoumarin can be used in studies related to acute renal failure, trigeminal neuralgia and gastritis .

HY-N0488R

Vincristine sulfate (Standard) Leurocristine sulfate (Standard); NSC-67574 sulfate (Standard); 22-Oxovincaleukoblastine sulfate (Standard)	Apocynaceae Alkaloids Structural Classification Plants Alkaloid Dimers Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don Source Classification	Reference Standards Apoptosis Microtubule/Tubulin Mitosis
Vincristine (sulfate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Vincristine (sulfate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Vincristine sulfate (Leurocristine; NSC-67574; 22-Oxovincaleukoblastine) is a microtubule inhibitor that disrupts microtubule polymerization by binding to β-tubulin (with a K_i of 85 nM in bovine), arrests the cell cycle and induces apoptosis. Vincristine sulfate inhibits cell replication, tumor blood flow and the proliferation of various cancer cells, while triggering effects such as oxidative stress, inflammation, calcium overload, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and peripheral neuropathic pain. Vincristine sulfate upregulates the expression of various transporters and nuclear receptors, and enriches gastric cancer stem-like cells. Vincristine sulfate is used in research related to various tumors including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphoma, melanoma, gastric cancer, solid tumors and sarcomas .

HY-Y0790R

Cuminaldehyde (Standard) p-Isopropylbenzaldehyde (Standard)	Structural Classification Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Rudbeckia laciniata L. Umbelliferae Plants Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	α-synuclein Reference Standards
Cuminaldehyde Standard is the analytical standard of Cuminaldehyde. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cuminaldehyde is the main component of Cuminum cyminum and has multiple biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-injury, anti-neuropathy and antibacterial effects. Cuminaldehyde is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (IC₅₀= 0.00085 mg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC₅₀=0.5 mg/mL). Cuminaldehyde also inhibits the fibrillation of α-synuclein and prevents its aggregation Cuminaldehyde can induce apoptosis in colon adenocarcinoma cells by targeting topoisomerase I and II. In addition, Cuminaldehyde also exerts anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting lipoxygenase. Cuminaldehyde has a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of Aspergillus flavus and the biosynthesis of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Cuminaldehyde can exert anti-injury and anti-neuropathy effects by participating in opioid receptors, L-arginine/NO/cGMP pathways and anti-inflammatory effects. Cuminaldehyde has potential application value in the research of neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, diabetes and neuropathic pain diseases .

HY-121239

Lemnalol	Structural Classification Natural Products Animals Source Classification	NF-κB
Lemnalol is a potent agent for neuropathic pain. Lemnalol possesses potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-tumor activities. Lemnalol has the capacity to attenuate hyperalgesia and allodynia by modulation of neuroinflammatory processes in neuropathy. Lemnalol modulates LPS-induced alterations of left atrial (LA) calcium homeostasis and blocks the NF-κB pathways, which may contribute to the attenuation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced arrhythmogenesis and neuropathic pain. Lemnalolis a ylangene-type sesquiterpenoid compound, isolated from Lemnalia cervicorni .

HY-N2071R

Cedrol (Standard) (+)-Cedrol (Standard); α-Cedrol (Standard)	Structural Classification Cedrus deodara (Roxburgh) G. Don Pinaceae Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Plants Source Classification	Reference Standards Cytochrome P450 Fungal Apoptosis Caspase
Cedrol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cedrol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cedrol is a potent competitive inhibitor of cytochrome P-450(CYP) enzyme. Cedrol plays an anticancer role by inducing cell cycle arrest and Caspase-dependent apoptosis. Cedrol acts as a neutrophil agonist that can desensitize cells to subsequent stimulation of N-formyl peptides. Cedrol prevents neuropathic pain caused by chronic contractile injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, Cedrol has antibacterial, hair loss prevention and anti-anxiety properties.

HY-N19281

Puberulin	Structural Classification Agathosma puberula (Steud.) Fourc. Rutaceae Coumarins Phenylpropanoids Plants Source Classification	Drug Derivative
Puberulin is a coumarin compound and an orally effective analgesic. Puberulin is present in Choisya ternata var. Sundance. Puberulin exerts analgesic activity against chemical and heat-induced pain agents in mouse models, and this activity does not involve opioid receptors or muscarinic receptors. Puberulin can be used in the research of neuropathic pain .

HY-W097625R

6-Methoxyflavone (Standard)	Structural Classification Flavonoids Flavones Thymelaeaceae Plants Pimelea simplex F.Muell. Source Classification	Toll-like Receptor (TLR) MyD88 p38 MAPK NF-κB Heme Oxygenase (HO) Reference Standards PERK
6-Methoxyflavone (Standard) is the analytical standard of 6-Methoxyflavone (HY-W097625). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 6-Methoxyflavone is an orally active methoxyflavone. 6-Methoxyflavone suppresses neuroinflammation in microglia through the inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/p38 MAPK/NF-κB dependent pathways and the activation of HO-1/NQO-1 signaling. 6-Methoxyflavone induces S-phase arrest through the CCNA2/CDK2/p21CIP1 signaling pathway and activates the PERK/EIF2a/ATF4/CHOP pathway in HeLa cells. 6-Methoxyflavone acts as a Flumazenil (HY-B0009)-insensitive positive allosteric modulator at human recombinant α1β2γ2L and α2β2γ2L GABAα receptors. 6-Methoxyflavone inhibits NFAT Translocation into the nucleus and suppresses T cell activation. 6-Methoxyflavone partially restores chronic ethanol-induced behavioral deficits in mice. 6-Methoxyflavone antagonizes chronic constriction injury and diabetes associated neuropathic nociception expression. 6-Methoxyflavone can be used for the study of cancer, inflammation and neurological diseases .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-B0563S1

Ropivacaine-d7

Ropivacaine-d₇ is deuterium labeled Ropivacaine. Ropivacain is a potent?sodium channel?blocker. Ropivacain blocks impulse conduction via reversible inhibition of?sodium ion influx?in nerve fibrese . Ropivacaine is also an inhibitor of K2P (two-pore domain potassium channel) TREK-1 with an IC₅₀ of 402.7 μM in COS-7 cell's membrane . Ropivacaine is used for the research of neuropathic pain?management .

HY-N0488S

Vincristine-d3 sulfate

Vincristine-d₃ sulfate is the deuterium labeled Vincristine sulfate. Vincristine sulfate (Leurocristine; NSC-67574; 22-Oxovincaleukoblastine) is a microtubule inhibitor that disrupts microtubule polymerization by binding to β-tubulin (with a K_i of 85 nM in bovine), arrests the cell cycle and induces apoptosis. Vincristine sulfate inhibits cell replication, tumor blood flow and the proliferation of various cancer cells, while triggering effects such as oxidative stress, inflammation, calcium overload, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and peripheral neuropathic pain. Vincristine sulfate upregulates the expression of various transporters and nuclear receptors, and enriches gastric cancer stem-like cells. Vincristine sulfate is used in research related to various tumors including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphoma, melanoma, gastric cancer, solid tumors and sarcomas .

HY-B0464S1

Hydralazine-d5 hydrochloride

Hydralazine-d₅ (hydrochloride) is deuterium-labeled Hydralazine (hydrochloride) (HY-B0464). Hydralazine hydrochloride is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable DNA methyltransferase inhibitor with vasodilatory, arterial smooth muscle relaxant and hypotensive activities. Hydralazine hydrochloride reactivates silenced tumor suppressor genes via mediating DNA demethylation, while exerting neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Hydralazine hydrochloride inhibits NOS-2 (iNOS) and COX-2, and reduces the production of NO and PGE_E2; meanwhile, Hydralazine hydrochloride scavenges reactive oxygen species and inhibits macrophage activation. Hydralazine hydrochloride alleviates motor dysfunction, neuropathic inflammatory pain, and formalin-induced somatic and emotional pain responses. In addition, Hydralazine hydrochloride directly induces DNA strand breaks and sister chromatid exchange, exhibiting certain mutagenic characteristics. Hydralazine hydrochloride has been widely used in studies on hypertension, various cancers (such as cervical cancer, leukemia), spinal cord injury and the mechanisms of inflammatory pain .

HY-A0057S

Gabapentin-d4
Gabapentin-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Gabapentin. Gabapentin (Neurontin) is a pharmaceutical agent, specifically a GABA analog. It was originally developed to treat epilepsy, and currently is also used to relieve neuropathic pain.

HY-108449S

Acoltremon-d3
Acoltremon-d₃ (WS-12-d₃) is the deuterium labeled Acoltremon (HY-108449). Acoltremon is a potent and selective TRPM8 agonist, the menthol derivative, as a cooling agent. Acoltremon shows analgesic effect, and can be used in chronic neuropathic pain research .

HY-B0246S4

Carbamazepine-d4

Carbamazepine-d₄ (CBZ-d₄) is the deuterium labeled Carbamazepine (HY-B0246) . Carbamazepine is an orally active pressure-sensitive sodium ion channel blocker with an IC₅₀ of 131 μM. Carbamazepine blocks voltage gated Na ⁺, Ca ²⁺, and K ⁺ channels, and is also a HDAC inhibitor (IC₅₀: 2 μM). Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant and can be used for research of epilepsy and neuropathic pain.

HY-B0464S

Hydralazine-d4 hydrochloride

Hydralazine-d4 hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Hydralazine hydrochloride. Hydralazine hydrochloride is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable DNA methyltransferase inhibitor with vasodilatory, arterial smooth muscle relaxant and hypotensive activities. Hydralazine hydrochloride reactivates silenced tumor suppressor genes via mediating DNA demethylation, while exerting neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Hydralazine hydrochloride inhibits NOS-2 (iNOS) and COX-2, and reduces the production of NO and PGE_E2; meanwhile, Hydralazine hydrochloride scavenges reactive oxygen species and inhibits macrophage activation. Hydralazine hydrochloride alleviates motor dysfunction, neuropathic inflammatory pain, and formalin-induced somatic and emotional pain responses. In addition, Hydralazine hydrochloride directly induces DNA strand breaks and sister chromatid exchange, exhibiting certain mutagenic characteristics. Hydralazine hydrochloride has been widely used in studies on hypertension, various cancers (such as cervical cancer, leukemia), spinal cord injury and the mechanisms of inflammatory pain .

HY-B1190S

Cefadroxil-d4 hydrate

Cefadroxil-d₄ (hydrate) is the deuterium labeled Cefadroxil hydrate (HY-B1190A). Cefadroxil hydrate is an orally active broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic. Cefadroxil hydrate inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis and enhances the expression of glutamate transporter-1. Cefadroxil hydrate is dependent on the intestinal peptide transporter PepT1 for small intestinal absorption. Cefadroxil hydrate has inhibitory and bactericidal activity against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and has analgesic effects on neuropathic pain .

HY-B0168S

Milnacipran-d10 hydrochloride

Milnacipran-d₁₀ (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Milnacipran hydrochloride (HY-B0168A). Milnacipran hydrochloride is an orally active Serotonin (HY-B1473A) and Norepinephrine (HY-13715) reuptake inhibitor. Milnacipran hydrochloride inhibits monoamine transporters, especially the norepinephrine transporter and the serotonin transporter (K_i values of 31 and 8.5 nM, respectively). Milnacipran hydrochloride inhibits pERK1/2 activation. Milnacipran hydrochloride has antidepressant, anxiolytic and analgesic properties. Milnacipran hydrochloride inhibits biting behavior in mice. Milnacipran hydrochloride can be used in the study of major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and neuropathic pain (e.g., fibromyalgia) .

HY-N0488S2

Vincristine-d6 sulfate

Vincristine-d₆ (sulfate) is the deuterium labeled Vincristine sulfate. Vincristine sulfate (Leurocristine; NSC-67574; 22-Oxovincaleukoblastine) is a microtubule inhibitor that disrupts microtubule polymerization by binding to β-tubulin (with a K_i of 85 nM in bovine), arrests the cell cycle and induces apoptosis. Vincristine sulfate inhibits cell replication, tumor blood flow and the proliferation of various cancer cells, while triggering effects such as oxidative stress, inflammation, calcium overload, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and peripheral neuropathic pain. Vincristine sulfate upregulates the expression of various transporters and nuclear receptors, and enriches gastric cancer stem-like cells. Vincristine sulfate is used in research related to various tumors including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphoma, melanoma, gastric cancer, solid tumors and sarcomas .

HY-N0488S1

Vincristine-d3-1 sulfate

Vincristine-d₃ sulfate is the deuterium labeled Vincristine sulfate. Vincristine-1 sulfate (Leurocristine; NSC-67574; 22-Oxovincaleukoblastine) is a microtubule inhibitor that disrupts microtubule polymerization by binding to β-tubulin (with a K_i of 85 nM in bovine), arrests the cell cycle and induces apoptosis. Vincristine-1 sulfate inhibits cell replication, tumor blood flow and the proliferation of various cancer cells, while triggering effects such as oxidative stress, inflammation, calcium overload, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and peripheral neuropathic pain. Vincristine-1 sulfate upregulates the expression of various transporters and nuclear receptors, and enriches gastric cancer stem-like cells. Vincristine-1 sulfate is used in research related to various tumors including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphoma, melanoma, gastric cancer, solid tumors and sarcomas .

HY-B0563BS

Ropivacaine-d7 hydrochloride

Ropivacaine-d₇ hydrochloride is a deuterium labeled Ropivacaine (hydrochloride) (HY-B0563B) . Ropivacaine hydrochloride is a potent sodium channel blocker and blocks impulse conduction via reversible inhibition of sodium ion influx in nerve fibrese . Ropivacaine is also an inhibitor of K_2P (two-pore domain potassium channel) TREK-1 with an IC₅₀ of 402.7 μM in COS-7 cell's membrane . Ropivacaine is widely used for neuropathic pain management in vivo .

HY-B0161ES

(±)-Duloxetine-d3 hydrochloride
(±)-Duloxetine-d₃ (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled (±)-Duloxetine (hydrochloride). (±)-Duloxetine ((Rac)-Duloxetine) hydrochloride is the racemate of Duloxetine hydrochloride. Duloxetine hydrochloride, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, can be used for diabetic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia as well as major depressive disorder research .

HY-W721517

Gabapentin-d10
Gabapentin-d₁₀ is the deuterium labeled Gabapentin (HY-A0057). Gabapentin is a potent, orally active P/Q type Ca2+ channel blocker. Gabapentin inhibits neuronal Ca2+ influx and reduction of neurotransmitter release. Gabapentin is a GABA analog that can be used to relieve neuropathic pain .

HY-A0057AS2

Gabapentin-d4 hydrochloride
Gabapentin-d4 hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Gabapentin hydrochloride (HY-A0057A). Gabapentin hydrochloride is a potent, orally active P/Q type Ca ²⁺ channel blocker. Gabapentin hydrochloride inhibits neuronal Ca ²⁺ influx and reduction of neurotransmitter release. Gabapentin hydrochloride is a GABA analog that can be used to relieve neuropathic pain .

HY-16935S

Mavatrep-d6
Mavatrep-d₆ (JNJ-39439335-d₆) is a deuterated labeled Mavatrep (HY-16935). Mavatrep (JNJ-39439335) is an orally active, selective and potent TRPV1 antagonist with high affinity for hTRPV1 channels (K_i=6.5 nM). Mavatrep antagonizes capsaicin-induced Ca ²⁺ influx with an IC₅₀ value of 4.6 nM. Mavatrep can be used in some studies of neuropathic pain .

HY-119521S

Mexiletine-d3

Mexiletine-d₃ (KOE-1173-d₃) is deuterium labeled Mexiletine. Mexiletine is an orally effective antiarrhythmic agent which has also been found to be effective for myotonia and neuropathic pain. Mexiletine exerts its efficacy through blocking sodium channels (IC₅₀ : 75±8 μM for tonic block, 23.6±2.8 μM for use-dependent block), therefore can be used for cardiovascular and neurological research .

HY-119521S1

Mexiletine-d6

Mexiletine-d₆ (KOE-1173-d₆) is deuterium labeled Mexiletine. Mexiletine is an orally effective antiarrhythmic agent which has also been found to be effective for myotonia and neuropathic pain. Mexiletine exerts its efficacy through blocking sodium channels (IC₅₀ : 75±8 μM for tonic block, 23.6±2.8 μM for use-dependent block), therefore can be used for cardiovascular and neurological research .

HY-167855S

1’-Epi Gemcitabine hydrochloride-13C,15N2

1’-Epi Gemcitabine hydrochloride- ¹³C, ¹⁵N₂ is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled MRS4833 (HY-167855). MRS4833 (compound 15) is an orally active, potent, competitive P2Y14R antagonist with an of IC₅₀ of 5.92 nM for hP2Y14R and an IC₅₀ of 4.8 nM for mP2Y14R. MRS4833 reduces airway eosinophilia in a protease-mediated asthma model and reverses chronic neuropathic pain in a mouse CCI model .

HY-B1190S2

Cefadroxil-13C6

Cefadroxil- ¹³C₆ (BL-S 578- ¹³C₆) is ¹³C labeled Cefadroxil (HY-B1190). Cefadroxil is an orally active broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic. Cefadroxil inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis and enhances the expression of glutamate transporter-1. Cefadroxil is dependent on the intestinal peptide transporter PepT1 for small intestinal absorption. Cefadroxil has inhibitory and bactericidal activity against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and has analgesic effects on neuropathic pain .

HY-N5142S1

α-Terpineol-d6

α-Terpineol-d₆ is deuterated labeled α-Terpineol (HY-N5142). α-Terpineol (with oral activity) can be found in Eucalyptus globulus Labill. α-Terpineol exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria.α-Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes, and the activity might lead to irreversible cellular disruption. In addition, α-Terpineol exhibits antineuropathic and anti-inflammatory activities. α-Terpineol can be utilized in research related to diarrhea, neuropathic pain, infections, and inflammation .

HY-B0168AS

Milnacipran-d5 hydrochloride

Milnacipran-d₅ hydrochloride is deuterium labeled Milnacipran hydrochloride (HY-B0168A). Milnacipran hydrochloride is an orally active Serotonin (HY-B1473A) and Norepinephrine (HY-13715) reuptake inhibitor. Milnacipran hydrochloride inhibits monoamine transporters, especially the norepinephrine transporter and the serotonin transporter (K_i values of 31 and 8.5 nM, respectively). Milnacipran hydrochloride inhibits pERK1/2 activation. Milnacipran hydrochloride has antidepressant, anxiolytic and analgesic properties. Milnacipran hydrochloride inhibits biting behavior in mice. Milnacipran hydrochloride can be used in the study of major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and neuropathic pain (e.g., fibromyalgia) .

HY-17387S1

(-)-Huperzine A-d4 hydrochloride

(-)-Huperzine A-d₄ hydrochloride is deuterated labeled (-)-Huperzine A (HY-17387). (-)-Huperzine A (Huperzine A) is an alkaloid isolated from Huperzia serrata, with neuroprotective activity. (-)-Huperzine A is a potent, highly specific, reversible and blood-brain barrier penetrant inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), with an IC₅₀ of 82 nM. (-)-Huperzine A also is non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate (NMDA) receptor. (-)-Huperzine A is developed for the research of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease .

HY-18101S

BD-1063-d8 dihydrochloride

BD-1063-d₈ dihydrochloride is the deuterium labeled BD1063 dihydrochloride (HY-18101A) . BD-1063 dihydrochloride is a selective σ-1 receptor antagonist with inhibitory activity against TRPC5 and TRPM3. BD-1063 dihydrochloride exerts anti-hyperalgesic and anti-allodynic effects by inhibiting sustained calcium influx mediated by TRPC5 and TRPM3, and reverses the effects of Carrageenan (HY-125474). BD-1063 dihydrochloride also significantly reduces excessive ethanol self-administration behavior. BD-1063 dihydrochloride is widely used in studies on the mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain, inflammatory hyperalgesia, and alcohol abuse and dependence .

Cat. No.	Product Name		Classification

HY-151391

LPA5 antagonist 1		Alkynes
LPA5 antagonist 1 (Compound 66) is a potent and selective lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5 (LPA5) antagonist (IC₅₀=32 nM). LPA5 antagonist 1 shows high blood-brain-barrier permeability and anti-nociceptive activity. LPA5 antagonist 1 can be used in inflammatory and neuropathic pain research . LPA5 antagonist 1 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.

HY-159113

PCC0105003		Azide
PCC0105003 is a potent MARK inhibitor. PCC0105003 can be used in the study of neuropathic pain .

Cat. No.	Product Name		Classification

HY-N0131

Stigmasterol 10+ Cited Publications		Cholesterol
Stigmasterol is an orally acitve, immunomodulatory agent with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effect, as well as able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Stigmasterol activates AMPK, which in turn inhibits NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways, reduces microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, and alleviates cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Stigmasterol regulates M1/M2 polarization of microglia through the TLR4/ NF-κB pathway, thereby reducing neuropathic pain. Stigmasterol can be used for neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory diseases, and pain management, among others .

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