2. Signaling Pathways
  3. GPCR/G Protein
  4. Arrestin

Arrestin

Arrestin is a key protein that regulates G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. Upon ligand activation, GPCRs undergo C-terminal phosphorylation by specific kinases (such as GRK, G protein-coupled receptor kinase), which recruits Arrestin, thereby preventing further coupling between GPCRs and G proteins while triggering receptor internalization and downstream signal transduction. Arrestin plays a crucial role in signal transduction, receptor desensitization and endocytosis, as well as multiprotein signaling complex assembly.
Arrestin is mainly classified into four types: Visual Arrestin (Arrestin-1), Cone Arrestin (Arrestin-4), β-Arrestin 1 (Arrestin-2), and β-Arrestin 2 (Arrestin-3). Among them, Arrestin-1 and Arrestin-4 are primarily involved in retinal phototransduction, whereas β-Arrestin 1 and β-Arrestin 2 are widely expressed in multiple tissues, regulating most GPCR-related signaling pathways. Structurally, Arrestin consists of N-terminal and C-terminal β-strand domains, stabilized by a polar core, and undergoes conformational changes upon receptor binding, thereby initiating signal transmission.
In the nervous system, Arrestin regulates dopamine receptor (e.g., D2 receptor) signaling, affecting Parkinson’s disease and Schizophrenia. In cancer, Arrestin integrates ERK, JNK, and Akt signaling pathways to regulate tumor cell growth and migration, for example, β-Arrestin 2-mediated GPCR signaling promotes cancer cell survival and drug resistance. Additionally, Arrestin is involved in inflammatory responses and immune regulation, playing important roles in diabetes, asthma, and inflammatory diseases[1][2].

Arrestin Isoform Specific Products:

Arrestin Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-P2106
    Elabela(19-32)
    		Activator 98.18%
    Elabela(19-32) is an active fragment of ELABELA (ELA) that binds to apelin receptor (APJ). Elabela(19-32) activates the Gαi1 and β-arrestin-2 signaling pathways with EC50s of 8.6 nM and 166 nM. Elabela(19-32) induces receptor internalization and reduces arterial pressure, exerts positive inotropic effects on the heart.
    Elabela(19-32)
  • HY-164795A
    SBI-810 hydrochloride
    		Activator 99.55%
    SBI-810 hydrochloride is a blood-brain barrier-permeable NTSR1 modulator. SBI-810 hydrochloride promotes the recruitment of β-arrestin-2 to NTSR1 and antagonizes NTSR1-mediated Gq activation. SBI-810 hydrochloride inhibits excitatory synaptic transmission, NMDA receptor and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in spinal nociceptive neurons, reduces surface expression of Nav1.7 and action potential firing in primary sensory neurons, and attenuates C-fiber responses. SBI-810 hydrochloride effectively alleviates acute and chronic pain in various rodent models through peripheral and central modulation. SBI-810 hydrochloride is applicable to research related to multiple pain disorders.
    SBI-810 hydrochloride
  • HY-162495
    IDOR-1117-2520
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    IDOR-1117-2520 is an orally active, potent, selective and reversible CCR6 antagonist. IDOR-1117-2520 antagonizes the CCL20-mediated calcium flow (IC50 = 63 nM) and inhibits β-arrestin recruitment to human CCR6 (IC50 = 30 nM) in cells expressing recombinant human CCR6. IDOR-1117-2520 is found to be a substrate of P-gp/MDR1. IDOR-1117-2520 can be used in the research of autoimmune diseases and skin inflammation.
    IDOR-1117-2520
  • HY-124418
    SBI-477
    		98.0%
    SBI-477 is a chemical probe that stimulates insulin signaling by deactivating the transcription factor MondoA. SBI-477 can lead to reduced expression of the insulin pathway suppressors thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and arrestin domain-containing 4 (ARRDC4). SBI-477 coordinately inhibits triacylglyceride (TAG) synthesis and enhances basal glucose uptake in human skeletal myocytes.
    SBI-477
  • HY-P2141A
    TRV-120027 TFA
    		Agonist 99.62%
    TRV120027 TFA, a β-arrestin-1-biased agonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R), engages ?-arrestins while blocking G-protein signaling. TRV120027?TFA induces?acute?catecholamine?secretion?through cation channel subfamily C3 (TRPC3) coupling, promotes the formation of a macromolecular complex composed of AT1R–β-arrestin-1–TRPC3–PLCγ at the plasma membrane. TRV120027 TFA inhibits angiotensin II–mediated vasoconstriction and increases cardiomyocyte contractility. TRV120027 TFA has the potential for the?acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) treatment.
    TRV-120027 TFA
  • HY-165428
    SCH-900875
    		Inhibitor 98.16%
    SCH-900875 is an orally active, brain-penetrant and selective CXCR3 receptor inhibitor, which also shows high selectivity over CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors. SCH-900875 binds to CXCR3, blocking the binding of ligands CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, inhibiting downstream G protein and β-arrestin signaling pathways to suppress inflammatory cell migration. SCH-900875 is promising for research of autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis) and inflammatory disorders (psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease).
    SCH-900875
  • HY-117829
    UNC9994
    		Agonist 98.06%
    UNC9994, an analog of Aripiprazole, is a functionally selective β-arrestin-biased dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) agonist with EC50 <10 nM for β-arrestin-2 recruitment to D2 receptors. UNC9994 is simultaneously partial agonists of β-arrestin-2 translocation and antagonists of Gi-regulated cAMP production. Antipsychotic Activity.
    UNC9994
  • HY-119486A
    (Rac)-Tavapadon
    		Agonist 99.49%
    (Rac)-Tavapadon ((Rac)-PF-06649751) is a potent and selective noncatechol dopamine D1 receptor agonist. (Rac)-Tavapadon displays potent full agonism in the GS activation assay as well as partial agonism in the β-arrestin2 recruitment assay (GS-cAMP, EC50=0.8 nM; β-arrestin2, EC50=68 nM). (Rac)-Tavapadon has antiparkinsonian activity.
    (Rac)-Tavapadon
  • HY-P2197
    ELA-11(human)
    		Inhibitor 99.54%
    ELA-11(human), a peptide, is a full agonist of human apelin receptor, with a pKi of 7.85. ELA-11(human) completely inhibits Forskolin-induced cAMP production and stimulates β-arrestin recruitment.
    ELA-11(human)
  • HY-P1682
    Balixafortide
    		Inhibitor 98.20%
    Balixafortide (POL6326) is a potent, selective, well-tolerated peptidic CXCR4 antagonist with an IC50 < 10 nM. Balixafortide shows 1000-fold selective for CXCR4 than a large panel of receptors including CXCR7. Balixafortide blocks β-arrestin recruitment and calcium flux with IC50s < 10 nM. Balixafortide is also a potent hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) mobilizing agent. Anti-cancer effects.
    Balixafortide
  • HY-P2106A
    Elabela(19-32) TFA
    		Activator 98.78%
    Elabela(19-32) TFA is an active fragment of ELABELA (ELA) that binds to apelin receptor (APJ). Elabela(19-32) TFA activates the Gαi1 and β-arrestin-2 signaling pathways with EC50s of 8.6 nM and 166 nM. Elabela(19-32) TFA induces receptor internalization and reduces arterial pressure, exerts positive inotropic effects on the heart.
    Elabela(19-32) TFA
  • HY-123813
    CCX-777
    		Agonist 98.47%
    CCX-777 is an orthosteric binder and partial agonist of CXCR7/ACKR3. CCX-777 induces the recruitment of β-arrestin 2 and affects the rebinding of chemokines to ACKR3. CCX-777 functions to stabilize the ACKR3 receptor and promotes the formation of a monodisperse, stable complex of the receptor in DDM/CHS micelles. CCX-777 is widely used in cancer-related research.
    CCX-777
  • HY-122246
    ML192
    		Inhibitor 99.70%
    ML192 is a selective ligand antagonist of GPR55. ML192 inhibits the β-arrestin trafficking, ERK1/2 phosphorylation and PKCβII translocation.
    ML192
  • HY-108656A
    MRS2365 trisodium
    		Agonist ≥99.0%
    MRS2365 trisodium is a potent and selective P2Y1 receptor (EC50=0.4 nM)/[35S]GTPγS binding/β-arrestin 2 recruitment agonist. MRS2365 trisodium relieves mechanical allodynia and increases mechanical sensitivity.
    MRS2365 trisodium
  • HY-136832
    Noribogaine hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.9%
    Noribogaine hydrochloride is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable SERT inhibitor (IC50=50-300 nM) and hERG channel blocker. Noribogaine hydrochloride enhances serotonergic transmission, activates the κ-opioid receptor (OPRK) G protein signaling pathway and inhibits β-arrestin recruitment. Meanwhile, Noribogaine hydrochloride blocks the μ-opioid receptor (OPRM) signaling pathway as well as ion channels associated with cardiac repolarization. Noribogaine hydrochloride induces neuritogenesis, upregulates GDNF mRNA expression, and modulates opioid tolerance. Noribogaine hydrochloride reduces alcohol-seeking behavior in experimental animals, and is widely used in studies related to depression, addiction, alcoholism, and cardiotoxicity.
    Noribogaine hydrochloride
  • HY-115688A
    (S)-TXNIP-IN-1
    		Control 99.73%
    (S)-TXNIP-IN-1 is the less active S-enantiomer of TXNIP-IN-1 (HY-115688). TXNIP-IN-1 is a TXNIP-TRX complex inhibitor which can be used in the research of TXNIP-TRX complex associated metabolic disorder (diabetes), cardiovascular disease, or inflammatory disease
    (S)-TXNIP-IN-1
  • HY-P2249
    ELA-21 (human)
    		Activator 99.97%
    ELA-21 (human) is an apelin receptor agonist with a pKi of 8.52. ELA-21 (human) completely inhibits Forskolin-induced cAMP production and stimulates β-arrestin recruitment with subnanomolar potencies. ELA-21 (human) is an agonist in G-protein-dependent and -independent pathways.
    ELA-21 (human)
  • HY-15705
    GPR35 agonist 2
    		Inhibitor 98.61%
    GPR35 agonist 2 (compound 11) is a potent agonist of GPR35, with EC50s of 26 and 3.2 nM in the β-arrestin and Ca2+ release assay, respectively.
    GPR35 agonist 2
  • HY-108656
    MRS2365
    		Agonist
    MRS2365 is a potent and selective P2Y1 receptor (EC50=0.4 nM) /[35S]GTPγS binding/β-arrestin 2 recruitment agonist with an EC50 of 0.4 nM. MRS2365 relieves mechanical allodynia and increases mechanical sensitivity. MRS2365 shows little agonist or antagonist activity at the P2Y12 or P2Y13 receptors.
    MRS2365
  • HY-164795
    SBI-810
    		Activator 98.25%
    SBI-810 is a blood-brain barrier-permeable NTSR1 modulator. SBI-810 promotes the recruitment of β-arrestin-2 to NTSR1 and antagonizes NTSR1-mediated Gq activation. SBI-810 inhibits excitatory synaptic transmission, NMDA receptor and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in spinal nociceptive neurons, reduces surface expression of Nav1.7 and action potential firing in primary sensory neurons, and attenuates C-fiber responses. SBI-810 effectively alleviates acute and chronic pain in various rodent models through peripheral and central modulation. SBI-810 is applicable to research related to multiple pain disorders.
    SBI-810
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Arrestin Isoform Comparison

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