ENA-78

CXCL5, also known as neutrophil activating peptide 78 (ENA‐78), is a CXC chemokine containing ELR motif. CXCL5 promotes angiogenesis through interaction with its specific receptor CXCR2. CXCL5 is expressed by many immune cells, such as macrophages, eosinophils, and non-immune cells including mesothelial cells, and fibroblasts.CXCL5/CXCR2 axis not only contributes to the recruitment of neutrophils but also regulates the function of neutrophils in melanoma[1][2].
CXCL5 can recruit cells, such as T/B lymphocytes and eosinophils from the immune system to the corresponding regions during immune response. Besides, it also participates in promoting the adhesion and remodeling of connective tissues. CXCL5 is highly expressed in various tumor tissues. CXCL5 can be used as a potential indicator of tumor prognosis. In tumor microenvironment (TME), CXCL5 binds to its receptors, such as CXCR2, to participate in the recruitment of immune cells and promote angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) activated by acidic TME or TNF‐α can secrete CXCL5 and other pro‐inflammatory factors. Besides, cancer‐associated mesothelial cells, which are generated by plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1), can secrete IL‐8 and CXCL5 via the NF-κB signaling pathway and thereby promoting peritoneal metastasis. Adipose tissue‐derived stem cells (ASCs) secrete CXCL5 which subsequently promotes tumor growth and affects the development of breast tumors[2].