Growth Differentiation Factor-8 (GDF-8)

GDF-8, also known as Myostatin, belongs to TGFβ family. GDF-8 is highly expressed in skeletal muscle, and is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. GDF-8 inhibits muscle growth, development, and regeneration. The lack of Myostatin shows a significant increase in muscle mass. GDF-8 circulates in the blood in a latent form, with an additional non-covalently bound propeptide at the N-terminus. Proteolytic cleavage of the propeptide by the BMP-1/tolloid family of metalloproteinases leads to activation of protein function. Similar to other TGF-β superfamily, GDF-8 binds to TGF-β type II receptor, type IIB activin receptor (ActRIIB) with high affinity, and regulates the expression of its target genes through a TGF-β signaling pathway. GDF-8 can activate the p38 MAPK, Erk1/2, and Wnt pathways[1][2][3].Human GDF-8 shares about 95% aa sequence identity with mouse and rats. Rat GDF-8 shares about 98% aa sequence identity with mouse.