GDNF Protein, Human

Glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a neurotrophic factor belongs to the GDNF family ligands (GFLs)., promotes survival of dopamine neurons. GDNF demonstrates a variety of neuroprotective roles for mammalian neurons^[1]. GDNF Protein, Human is produced in E.coil, and consists of 134 amino acids (S78-I211).

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a 134 amino acid protein belonging in the GDNF family ligands (GFLs). GDNF protein is widely distributed throughout both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Synthesis and secretion of GDNF occur in many cell types such as glial cells like astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells; motor neurons (MNs); and skeletal muscle^[1].
Mature human GDNF shares 91-92% amino acid sequence identity with mouse, rat, and Canine GDNF proteins. While, mouse GDNF shares 99% aa sequence identity with rat GDNF protein.
GDNF is originally isolated from cultured B49 rat glial cells and found to enhance the survival and differentiation of dopaminergic neurons in primary cultures by promoting dopamine uptake. Similar to other members of the TGF-β superfamily, GDNF is first synthesized as a precursor protein (pro-GDNF). After a series of protein cleavage and processing, the 211 amino acid pro-GDNF is finally converted into the active and mature form of GDNF. GDNF has the ability to trigger receptor tyrosine kinase RET phosphorylation, whose downstream effects have been found to promote neuronal health and survival. The binding of GDNF to its receptors triggers several intracellular signaling pathways which play roles in promoting the development, survival, and maintenance of neuron-neuron and neuron-target tissue interactions. The synthesis and regulation of GDNF have been shown to be altered in many diseases, aging, exercise, and addiction. The neuroprotective effects of GDNF may be used to develop treatments and therapies to ameliorate neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)^[1].
GDNF is a potent neurotrophic factor for regulating MN survival in the peripheral nervous system. GDNF prevents apoptosis of MNs during development in vivo, decreases the loss of MNs in animal models of motor neuropathy and degeneration, rescues MNs from axotomy-induced cell death, and protects MNs from chronic degeneration. Intracerebral GDNF administration exerts both protective and reparative effects on the nigrostriatal dopamine system, which may have implications for the development of new treatment strategies for Parkinson's disease^[1][2].

Recombinant human GDNF (100 ng/mL; 24 hours) increases transepithelial electric resistance (TER) significantly to 2.99 of baseline (2.23-fold of controls) in Caco2 cells. GDNF contributes to IEB maturation^[3].

1.The ED₅₀ is <5 μg/mL as measured by C6 cells in a proliferation assay.
2.Measured in a cell proliferation assay using SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 1-8 ng/mL in the presence of Recombinant Human GFR alpha-1/GDNF R alpha-1 .

• 
  Measured in a cell proliferation assay using SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 1.972 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 5.07×105 units/mg in the presence of Recombinant Human GFR alpha -1/GDNF R alpha -1 .

Human

E. coli

Tag Free

P39905-1 (S78-I211)

2668  [NCBI]

Full Length of GDNF

SPDKQMAVLPRRERNRQAAAANPENSRGKGRRGQRGKNRGCVLTAIHLNVTDLGLGYETKEELIFRYCSGSCDAAETTYDKILKNLSRNRRLVSDKVGQACCRPIAFDDDLSFLDDNLVYHILRKHSAKRCGCI

Approximately 16-17 kDa, based on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.

• 
  ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Lyophilized powder

1.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of 50 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 8.0.
2.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of PBS.
3.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4, 8% trehalose.
Please refer to the lot-specific COA for specific buffer information.
Note: For SPR assay, please replace the buffer. Primary amine components (e.g., Tris, imidazole) can affect protein-coupled chips.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH₂O or PBS. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. Alberto F Cintrón-Colón, et al. GDNF synthesis, signaling, and retrograde transport in motor neurons. Cell Tissue Res. 2020 Oct;382(1):47-56.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Schaar DG, et al. Multiple astrocyte transcripts encode nigral trophic factors in rat and human. Exp Neurol. 1994 Dec;130(2):387-93.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Tomac A, et al. Protection and repair of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system by GDNF in vivo. Nature.1995;373 (6512): 335-339.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Tomac A, et al. Protection and repair of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system by GDNF in vivo. Nature.1995;373 (6512): 335-339.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Michael Meir, et al. Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Maturation by Enteric Glial Cells Is GDNF-Dependent. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 14;22(4):1887.  [Content Brief]