IKKβ Protein, Human (sf9, GST)

IKKβ protein, a serine kinase, plays a pivotal role in the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway, activated by diverse stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial or viral products, DNA damage, or cellular stresses. As a constituent of the canonical IKK complex, IKKβ contributes to the conventional NF-kappa-B activation pathway. It phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B on critical serine residues, facilitating their polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. This orchestrated modification unleashes free NF-kappa-B, allowing its translocation into the nucleus and activation of the transcription of numerous genes involved in immune response, growth control, or protection against apoptosis. Beyond NF-kappa-B inhibitors, IKKβ phosphorylates various signaling pathway components, including NEMO/IKBKG, NF-kappa-B subunits RELA and NFKB1, as well as IKK-related kinases TBK1 and IKBKE. These phosphorylations exert a negative regulation on canonical IKKs and may prevent the excessive production of inflammatory mediators. Moreover, IKKβ targets substrates such as FOXO3, NAA10, NCOA3, BCL10, IRS1, RIPK1, and IRF5, influencing diverse cellular processes and responses.