LATS1 Protein, Human (His, Myc)

LATS1 is a negative regulator of YAP1 in the Hippo signaling pathway, playing a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway consists of a kinase cascade where STK3/MST2 and STK4/MST1, in complex with SAV1, phosphorylate and activate LATS1/2 in complex with MOB1, which then phosphorylates and inactivates the oncoproteins YAP1 and WWTR1/TAZ. Phosphorylation of YAP1 by LATS1 inhibits its nuclear translocation, thereby regulating genes important for cell proliferation, death, and migration. As a tumor suppressor, LATS1 maintains ploidy through its roles in mitotic progression and the G1 tetraploidy checkpoint. It negatively regulates G2/M transition by downregulating CDK1 kinase activity and is involved in controlling p53 expression. Additionally, LATS1 affects cytokinesis by negatively modulating LIMK1 to regulate actin polymerization. It may also function in endocrine processes and promotes mammary gland epithelial cell differentiation through both the Hippo pathway and intracellular estrogen receptor signaling by facilitating ESR1 degradation. Recent studies show LATS1 activates the NLRP3 inflammasome by mediating phosphorylation of NLRP3 at Ser-265 following its palmitoylation.