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Neurotoxicity

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	17β-HSD (2) 5-HT Receptor (1) ADC Payload (3) Adenosine Deaminase (2) Akt (7) AMPK (8) Amyloid-β (47) Antibiotic (8) Apical Sodium-Dependent Bile Acid Transporter (1) Apoptosis (64) Arenavirus (1) ATP Synthase (3) Autophagy (12) Bacterial (20) Bcl-2 Family (5) Beta-secretase (1) Biochemical Assay Reagents (11) c-Met/HGFR (2) Cannabinoid Receptor (2) Carbonic Anhydrase (1) Caspase (15) CDK (4) Ceramidase (1) Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) (1) Chloride Channel (1) Cholinesterase (ChE) (53) Claudin (1) COX (9) CXCR (1) Cytochrome P450 (4) Dengue Virus (1) DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker (1) DNA/RNA Synthesis (6) Dopamine Receptor (4) Dopamine Transporter (1) Drug Derivative (3) Drug Intermediate (6) Drug Isomer (4) Drug Metabolite (4) EAAT (2) EGFR (1) Endogenous Metabolite (49) Environmental Pollutants (22) Epoxide Hydrolase (2) ERK (5) FAAH (1) Ferroptosis (16) Fluorescent Dye (4) Fungal (12) GABA Receptor (9) GCGR (1) Glutathione S-transferase (1) Glycosidase (1) GSK-3 (4) Hapten (1) HBV (4) HDAC (4) Herbicide (16) Histone Acetyltransferase (1) HIV (4) HIV Protease (1) HSP (3) iGluR (19) Insecticide (19) Interleukin Related (14) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (37) JAK (5) JNK (12) Keap1-Nrf2 (7) Liposome (1) MDM-2/p53 (1) mGluR (1) Microtubule/Tubulin (11) Mitochondrial Metabolism (13) Mitophagy (6) MMP (7) Monoamine Oxidase (7) Monoamine Transporter (1) mTOR (4) Na+/K+ ATPase (7) nAChR (12) NADPH Oxidase (1) Natriuretic Peptide Receptor (NPR) (1) NF-κB (9) NKCC (1) NO Synthase (1) Nuclear Hormone Receptor 4A/NR4A (1) Opioid Receptor (1) P-glycoprotein (3) p38 MAPK (13) Parasite (4) PARP (3) PGE synthase (2) Phosphatase (1) Phosphodiesterase (PDE) (5) PI3K (5) PKC (1) Potassium Channel (2) PPAR (3) Prostaglandin Receptor (1) PROTACs (1) Proteasome (3) Protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (3) RAR/RXR (4) Ras (1) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (47) Reference Standards (55) ROS Kinase (1) Sigma Receptor (4) Sirtuin (5) Small Interfering RNA (siRNA) (2) SOD (2) Sodium Channel (4) Src (1) STAT (8) Steroid Sulfatase (1) Syk (1) Tau Protein (4) TGF-beta/Smad (1) TGF-β Receptor (1) TNF Receptor (7) Toll-like Receptor (TLR) (1) Topoisomerase (3) Transthyretin (TTR) (1) Tryptophan Hydroxylase (1) Tyrosine Hydroxylase (1) VSV (1) α-synuclein (8) γ-secretase (2)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (71) Cardiovascular Disease (18) Endocrinology (5) Infection (49) Inflammation/Immunology (66) Metabolic Disease (34) Neurological Disease (278)
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Fluorescent Dye

Biochemical Assay Reagents

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Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Click Chemistry

Oligonucleotides

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-W008719

MPP+ iodide 30+ Cited Publications	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Neurological Disease
MPP+ iodide, a toxic metabolite of the neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ iodide is taken up by the dopamine transporter into dopaminergic neurons where it exerts its neurotoxic action on mitochondria by affecting complex I of the respiratory chain. MPP+ iodide is also a high affinity substrate for the serotonin transporter (SERT) .

HY-B1777

Spermine 5+ Cited Publications NSC 268508; Neuridine	Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) DNA/RNA Synthesis	Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Spermine is a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Spermine is known to inhibit some bacterial cultures, especially strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Spermine induces neurotoxicity in the striarum dose-dependently. Spermine can reversibly inhibits DNA synthetic response, mixed lymphocyte response and the induction of cytolytic lymphocyte response in primary cultures of murine spleen cells. Spermine tetrahydrochloride is a polyamine nitric oxide donor that can provide nitric oxide to platelets and inhibit platelet activation to a certain extent concentration-dependently. Spermine tetrahydrochloride occurs in mammalian tissues, plants, bacteria, ribosomes and bacteriophage. Spermine tetrahydrochloride inhibits primary human embryo lung fibroblasts in vitro .

HY-B0034

Donepezil Hydrochloride 20+ Cited Publications E2020	Cholinesterase (ChE)	Neurological Disease Cancer
Donepezil Hydrochloride (E2020) is a reversible, selective AChE inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 6.7 nM for AChE activity. Donepezil shows high selectivity for AChE over BuChE . Donepezil exhibits neuroprotective effect on Aβ42 neurotoxicity .

HY-P0128

β-Amyloid (25-35) 40+ Cited Publications Amyloid beta-peptide (25-35); Aβ25-35; β-Amyloid peptide (25-35)	Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
β-Amyloid (25-35) (Amyloid beta-peptide (25-35)) is the fragment Aβ(25-35) of the Alzheimer's amyloid β-peptide, has shown neurotoxic activities in cultured cells .

HY-B1945

DEHP 5+ Cited Publications Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; Ergoplast FDO; ESBO-D 82	Environmental Pollutants Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
DEHP (Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) is a widely used plasticizer, which has orally active. DEHP can produce a wide spectrum of toxic effects on organisms including neurotoxicity, liver toxicity, immunotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity .

HY-N0303

Idebenone 5+ Cited Publications	Mitochondrial Metabolism Apoptosis	Neurological Disease
Idebenone, a well-appreciated mitochondrial protectant, exhibits protective efficacy against neurotoxicity and can be used for the research of Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease. Idebenone (oxidised form) has a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the enzymatic metabolism of arachidonic acid in astroglial homogenates (IC₅₀=16.65 μM) . Idebenone, a coenzyme Q10 analog and an antioxidant, induces apoptotic cell death in the human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cells . Idebenone quickly crosses the blood-brain barrier.

HY-W019870

Glufosinate ammonium 1 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Herbicide	Neurological Disease
Glufosinate ammonium, a phosphinic acid analogue of glutamic acid, is an herbicide which is converted by plant cells into PT (L-phosphinothricin). Glufosinate ammonium exerts neurotoxic activity .

HY-N7745

Glucosylsphingosine 1 Publications Verification Glucopsychosine; Lyso-Gb1; Lyso-GL1	Drug Metabolite Glycosidase	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1) is a deacylated form of glucosylceramide with neurotoxicity and is also a noncompetitively inhibitor of glucocerebrosidase with a K_i value of 30 μM. Glucosylsphingosine is promising for research of Krabbe and Gaucher disease .

HY-B1066

Butylhydroxyanisole 5 Publications Verification Butylated hydroxyanisole; E320	Environmental Pollutants Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Ferroptosis	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Butylhydroxyanisole (Butylated hydroxyanisole) is an antioxidant used as a food additive preservative. Butylhydroxyanisole mediates liver toxicity, retardation in reproductive organ development and learning, and sleep deficit. Butylhydroxyanisole exerts neurotoxic effects and leads to disruption of the brain and nerve development . Butylhydroxyanisole is a ferroptosis inducer .

HY-121192

Capillarisin 1 Publications Verification	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Capillarisin, as a constituent from Artemisiae Capillaris herba, is found to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Capillarisin can be used for the research of asthma-mediated complications and can be a potential neuroprotectant against bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity .

HY-N7368

Hibifolin	Adenosine Deaminase Bacterial Caspase	Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Hibifolin is a flavonol glycoside that can be isolated from Helicteres isora. Hibifolin is an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (ADA) (K_i = 49.92 μM). Hibifolin protects neurons against β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity. Hibifolin possesses a potent protective activity against cell death induced by aggregated Aβ. Hibifolin can abolish Aβ-induced caspase-3 and caspase-7 activation. Hibifolin induces Akt phosphorylation in cortical neurons. Hibifolin is also a natural sortase A (SrtA) inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 31.2 μM) through direct binding to SrtA protein. Hibifolin attenuates the pathogenic behavior of Staphylococcus aureus including adhesion, invasion, and biofilm formation. Hibifolin improves the survival of pneumonia induced by Staphylococcus aureus in mouse model and alleviates pathological damage. Hibifolin shows a synergistic antibacterial effect with Cefotaxime (HY-A0088A) .

HY-B1777A

Spermine tetrahydrochloride 5+ Cited Publications	Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) DNA/RNA Synthesis	Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Spermine tetrahydrochloride is a polyamine nitric oxide donor that can provide nitric oxide to platelets and inhibit platelet activation to a certain extent concentration-dependently. Spermine tetrahydrochloride occurs in mammalian tissues, plants, bacteria, ribosomes and bacteriophage. Spermine tetrahydrochloride inhibits primary human embryo lung fibroblasts in vitro. Spermine is a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Spermine is known to inhibit some bacterial cultures, especially strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Spermine induces neurotoxicity in the striarum dose-dependently. Spermine can reversibly inhibits DNA synthetic response, mixed lymphocyte response and the induction of cytolytic lymphocyte response in primary cultures of murine spleen cells .

HY-101448

TMI-1 1 Publications Verification WAY-171318	MMP Apoptosis Interleukin Related TNF Receptor Caspase	Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
TMI-1 (WAY-171318) inhibits TNF converting enzyme (TACE) (IC₅₀ of 8.4 nM), ADAM-TS-4, ADAM-17 and various MMPs with oral activity. TMI-1 significantly suppresses the secretion of TNF-α , alleviating collagen-induced arthritis in mice. TMI-1 inhibits cancer cell proliferation, induces apoptosis through a caspase-dependent pathway. TMI-1 also reverses TRPV1 upregulation and lowers the levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6) in nerve cells, protecting against paclitaxel-induced neurotoxicity. TMI-1 leads to changes in pro-atherogenic lipoprotein profiles, but does not affect the progression of early lesions .

HY-B1315

Carbaryl	Environmental Pollutants Apoptosis Insecticide Cholinesterase (ChE) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Carbaryl is the inhibitor for acetylcholinesterase that inhibits the degradation of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine and causes neurotoxicity. Carbaryl can be used as an insecticide .

HY-P2798

Cholinesterase, Horse serum EC 3.1.1.8; BCHE, Horse serum	Cholinesterase (ChE)	Neurological Disease
Cholinesterase, Horse serum infers to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyryl cholinesterase (BChE). AChE and BChE catalyze the hydrolysis of 6-MAM to morphine .

HY-B0137

Prilocaine 1 Publications Verification	Na+/K+ ATPase	Neurological Disease
Prilocaine, an amino amide, is a Na/K-ATPase inhibitor. Prilocaine has neurotoxic effects .

HY-B0835

Fenobucarb	Environmental Pollutants Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Cholinesterase (ChE) Caspase Apoptosis	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Fenobucarb is a carbamate insecticide. Fenobucarb induces zebrafish developmental neurotoxicity through pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, degeneration and apoptosis. Fenobucarb is a possible risk factor to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems in animals .

HY-Z0283

Benzamide 1 Publications Verification Benzenecarboxamide; Phenylamide	Endogenous Metabolite PARP	Others
Benzamide (Benzenecarboxamide) is a potent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. Benzamide has protective activity against both glutamate- and methamphetamine (METH)-induced neurotoxicity in vitro. Benzamide can attenuate the METH-induced dopamine depletions and exhibits neuroprotective activity in mice, also has no acute effect on striatal dopamine metabolism and does not reduce body temperature .

HY-107116

MAP4343	Microtubule/Tubulin	Neurological Disease
MAP4343 is the 3-methylether derivative of Pregnenolone. MAP4343 binds in vitro to microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), stimulates the polymerization of tubulin, enhances the extension of neurites and protects neurons against neurotoxic agents .

HY-138903

L-Homocysteic acid 1 Publications Verification L-HCA	iGluR	Neurological Disease
L-Homocysteic acid (L-HCA) is an endogenous excitatory amino acid that acts as a NMDA receptor agonist (EC₅₀: 14 μM). L-Homocysteic acid is neurotoxic, and can be used in the research of neurological disorders .

HY-N2511

Trimyristin	Cholinesterase (ChE) Phosphatase	Infection Neurological Disease
Trimyristin is an orally active compound. Trimyristin can be isolated from the seeds of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans). Trimyristin inhibits the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), ACP and ALP, with IC₅₀ values of 0.11, 0.16 and 0.18 mM, respectively. Trimyristin exerts competitive-noncompetitive inhibition on acetylcholinesterase, uncompetitive inhibition on ACP, and competitive/noncompetitive inhibition on ALP. Trimyristin restores the downregulated acetylcholinesterase concentration in the cerebral cortex of rats exposed to sodium arsenite. Trimyristin can be used in studies related to fascioliasis and neurotoxicity .

HY-B0832

Profenofos 1 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Cholinesterase (ChE) Insecticide	Neurological Disease
Profenofos is an insecticida used on field crops, vegetables, and fruit crops. Profenofos is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, with neurotoxicity .

HY-125166

DB04760 1 Publications Verification	MMP	Neurological Disease Cancer
DB04760 (compound 4) is a potent, highly selective, non-zinc-chelating MMP-13 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 8 nM . DB04760 significantly reduces paclitaxel neurotoxicity and has anticancer activity .

HY-121488

GP130 receptor agonist-1	Interleukin Related	Neurological Disease
GP130 receptor agonist-1 is a potent, brain-penetrant and orally active GP130 receptor agonist. GP130 receptor agonist-1 has a neuroprotective effect on NMDA-induced neurotoxicity .

HY-W391596

Pamaquine	Parasite	Infection Neurological Disease
Pamaquine is an 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial agent. Pamaquine has neurotoxicity and can damage specific neuro-anatomical structures, leading to deficits of neurologic function in Rhesus monkeys models .

HY-W013058

Decabromodiphenyl ethane DBDPE; 1,2-Bis(perbromophenyl)ethane	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE; 1,2-Bis(perbromophenyl)ethane) is a brominated flame retardant. Decabromodiphenyl ethane can exhibit neurotoxicity, thyroid toxicity, reproductive developmental toxicity, hepatotoxicity, and oxidative stress in living organisms .

HY-119896

Clethodim	Environmental Pollutants Herbicide	Neurological Disease
Clethodim is a postemergence herbicide. Clethodim shows developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity in zebrafish embryos and larvae .

HY-W073501

trans-Glutaconic acid trans-2-Pentenedioic acid	Drug Isomer Endogenous Metabolite	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
trans-Glutaconic acid (trans-2-Pentenedioic acid) is the trans isomer of Glutaconic acid (HY-W073501A). trans-Glutaconic acid is a neurotoxic metabolite. trans-Glutaconic acid induces weak neurotoxicity in cultured cerebral neocortical neurons. trans-Glutaconic acid elicits significant electrophysiological responses in rat neocortical wedge preparations at high concentrations. trans-Glutaconic acid can be used in studies related to glutaric acidemia type 1 .

HY-13603

Crolibulin 1 Publications Verification EPC2407	Microtubule/Tubulin Apoptosis	Cardiovascular Disease Cancer
Crolibulin (EPC2407) is a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, with potent apoptosis induction and cell growth inhibition. Crolibulin has anti-tumor activity. Crolibulin also has cardiovascular toxicity and neurotoxicity .

HY-B1945R

DEHP (Standard) 1 Publications Verification Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (Standard); Ergoplast FDO (Standard); ESBO-D 82 (Standard)	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
DEHP (Standard) is the analytical standard of DEHP. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. DEHP (Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) is a widely used plasticizer, which has orally active. DEHP can produce a wide spectrum of toxic effects on organisms including neurotoxicity, liver toxicity, immunotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity .

HY-N0137A

(R)-Tetrahydropapaverine hydrochloride	Drug Intermediate	Neurological Disease
(R)-Tetrahydropapaverine hydrochloride is the isomer of Tetrahydropapaverine hydrochloride (HY-N0137), and can be used as an experimental control. Tetrahydropapaverine hydrochloride is one of the Tetrahydroisoquinolines. Tetrahydropapaverine hydrochloride has neurotoxic effects on dopamine neurons .

HY-18941C

Eglumegad hydrochloride 4 Publications Verification LY354740 hydrochloride; Eglumetad hydrochloride	mGluR	Neurological Disease
Eglumegad (LY354740) hydrochloride is a highly potent and selective group II (mGlu2/3) receptor agonist with IC₅₀s of 5 and 24 nM on transfected human mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors, respectively. Eglumegad hydrochloride protects neurons from NMDA toxicity. Eglumegad hydrochloride has anxiolytic- and antipsychotic-like effects .

HY-N13742

Dihydrohonokiol B Dihydrohonokiol	GABA Receptor	Neurological Disease
Dihydrohonokiol B (Dihydrohonokiol) is an anxiolytic agent. Dihydrohonokiol B can reduce the neurotoxicity induced by amyloid β protein by stimulating the GABA_C receptor. Dihydrohonokiol B can be used in the research of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease .

HY-P5807A

Cn2 toxin TFA β-Mammal toxin Cn2 TFA	Sodium Channel	Neurological Disease
Cn2 toxin TFA (β-Mammal toxin Cn2 TFA) is a single-chain β-scorpion neurotoxic peptide that is the main toxin in scorpion venom. Cn2 toxin (TFA) specifically targets mammalian voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) Nav1.6 .

HY-W019870A

Glufosinate	Herbicide	Neurological Disease
Glufosinate, a phosphinic acid analogue of glutamic acid, is a herbicide which is converted by plant cells into PT (L-phosphinothricin). Glufosinate exerts neurotoxic activity .

HY-W019870R

Glufosinate ammonium (Standard)	Herbicide Reference Standards	Neurological Disease
Glufosinate (ammonium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glufosinate (ammonium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glufosinate ammonium, a phosphinic acid analogue of glutamic acid, is an herbicide which is converted by plant cells into PT (L-phosphinothricin). Glufosinate ammonium exerts neurotoxic activity .

HY-B0832R

Profenofos (Standard)	Reference Standards Cholinesterase (ChE) Insecticide	Neurological Disease
Profenofos (Standard) is the analytical standard of Profenofos. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Profenofos is an insecticida used on field crops, vegetables, and fruit crops. Profenofos is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, with neurotoxicity .

HY-W127493

1-Hexacosanol Ceryl Alcohol	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Infection
1-Hexacosanol can be used as an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). 1-Hexacosanol has larvicidal activity and can inhibit the acetylcholinesterase activity of Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Chironomus riparius, exerting neurotoxic effects .

HY-B0137A

Prilocaine hydrochloride 1 Publications Verification	Na+/K+ ATPase	Neurological Disease
Prilocaine hydrochloride, an amino amide, is a Na/K-ATPase inhibitor. Prilocaine has neurotoxic effects .

HY-N7027

Macrozamin	Others	Neurological Disease Cancer
Macrozamin is a major constituent principle of Cycads. Macrozamin has carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and neurotoxic properties .

HY-N3562

Cedrin	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Neurological Disease
Cedrin is a natural flavonoid that can be found in Cedrus deodara. Cedrin protects PC12 cells against neurotoxicity induced by Aβ1-42. Cedrin can reduce reactive oxygen species overproduction, increase the activity of superoxide dismutase and decrease malondialdehyde content .

HY-P1517

β-Amyloid (31-35)	Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
β-Amyloid (31-35) is the shortest sequence of native Amyloid-β peptide that retains neurotoxic activity.

HY-103229

Cl-HIBO	iGluR	Neurological Disease
Cl-HIBO is a highly subtype-selective GluR1/2 agonist (EC₅₀=4.7 and 1.7 μM, respectively). Cl-HIBO is a potent AMPA receptor agonist (IC₅₀=0.22 μM). Cl-HIBO has desensitizing properties .

HY-175535

SRI-32743	HIV Protease HIV Dopamine Transporter	Infection Neurological Disease
SRI-32743 is an allosteric human dopamine transporter (hDAT) modulator (IC₅₀=9.86 μM). SRI-32743 is promising for research of HIV-Tat-induced neurotoxicity .

HY-N16576

Ethyl lecanorate	Others	Neurological Disease
Ethyl lecanorate is a main secondary metabolite of Claviceps purpurea. Ethyl lecanorate shows neurotoxic effect with an IC₅₀ of 54 µM on CCF-STTG1 cells. Ethyl lecanorate can be used for neurological disease research .

HY-109116A

Hydromethylthionine dihydrobromide Leukomethylene blue dihydrobromide; LMTM dihydrobromide	Tau Protein	Neurological Disease
Hydromethylthionine dihydrobromide (Leukomethylene blue dihydrobromide) is a potent inhibitor of TAU protein aggregation. Hydromethylthionine dihydrobromide reduces neurodegeneration by interacting with TAU proteins and preventing them from forming neurotoxic aggregates. Hydromethylthionine dihydrobromide can be used in the study of Alzheimer's disease and other TAU related disorders .

HY-176065

Nav1.2-IN-1	Sodium Channel	Neurological Disease
Nav1.2-IN-1 (compound 5i), a 3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-4-azaindole derivative, is a potent and selective Nav1.2 inhibitor. Nav1.2-IN-1 induces a reduction in the peak amplitude of Nav1.2 currents with an IC₅₀ value of 7.79 μM. Nav1.2-IN-1 exhibits antiepileptic activity. Nav1.2-IN-1 shows high anticonvulsant effect and low neurotoxicity in subcutaneous Pentetrazole (sc-PTZ)-induced epilepsy mode .

HY-106768

Trimelamol CB 10-375; NSC 283162	DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker	Cancer
Trimelamol (CB10-375; NSC283162) is a highly efficient acid-catalyzed DNA interstrand crosslinker with low neurotoxicity due to its limited BBB penetration. Trimelamol exhibits anti-tumor activity and overcomes platinum resistance. Trimelamol is investigated for lung and ovarian cancer research ^{[1][2][3][4][5]}.

HY-N0303R

Idebenone (Standard)	Reference Standards Mitochondrial Metabolism Apoptosis	Neurological Disease
Idebenone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Idebenone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Idebenone, a well-appreciated mitochondrial protectant, exhibits protective efficacy against neurotoxicity and can be used for the research of Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease. Idebenone (oxidised form) has a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the enzymatic metabolism of arachidonic acid in astroglial homogenates (IC₅₀=16.65 μM) . Idebenone, a coenzyme Q10 analog and an antioxidant, induces apoptotic cell death in the human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cells . Idebenone quickly crosses the blood-brain barrier.

HY-N9515

Diallyl tetrasulfide	Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
Diallyl tetrasulfide is an orally active diallyl tetrasulfide. Diallyl tetrasulfide ameliorates cadmium-induced changes in acetylcholinesterase and adenosine triphosphatase activities as well as oxidative stress injury in the brain of rats . Diallyl tetrasulfide inhibits lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes . Diallyl tetrasulfide ameliorates cadmium-induced oxidative liver injury in rats . Diallyl tetrasulfide protects cells against cadmium-induced loss of cell viability, reduces apoptosis rate and ROS production. Diallyl tetrasulfide is applicable to research related to cadmium-induced neurotoxicity and cadmium-induced oxidative liver injury .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-109521A

Manganese chloride tetrahydrate, molecular biology grade,≥99.0% (KT)

Manganese(Ⅱ) chloride tetrahydrate, molecular biology grade,≥99.0% (KT)

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Manganese chloride (tetrahydrate), molecular biology grade,≥99.0% (KT) is an orally active and a blood-brain barrier penetrant compound. It affects the activities of multiple enzymes in cells, such as regulating the activities of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC), thereby affecting gene expression. It has multiple activities such as neurotoxicity, embryotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity. It is currently mainly used in neurodegenerative diseases and toxicology research.

HY-W250122

Glutamic acid sodium salt

1 Publications Verification

Monosodium glutamate

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Glutamic acid sodium salt (Monosodium glutamate) is an orally active food flavor enhancer. Glutamic acid sodium salt causes ROS generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and Apoptosis. Glutamic acid sodium salt upregulates CHOP, Grp78, and Bcl-2. Glutamic acid sodium salt impairs cognition, induces depressive-like behavior, induces hyperalgesia, and induces obesity and insulin resistance. Glutamic acid sodium salt can be used to study neurotoxicity (e.g., brain damage, cognitive impairment), metabolic disorders (e.g., obesity, insulin resistance), hepatotoxicity, and renal toxicity, as well as pain-related disorders .

HY-W127493

1-Hexacosanol Ceryl Alcohol	Biochemical Assay Reagents
1-Hexacosanol can be used as an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). 1-Hexacosanol has larvicidal activity and can inhibit the acetylcholinesterase activity of Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Chironomus riparius, exerting neurotoxic effects .

HY-W127493R

1-Hexacosanol (Standard)

Ceryl Alcohol (Standard)

Biochemical Assay Reagents

1-Hexacosanol (Standard) is the analytical standard of 1-Hexacosanol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 1-Hexacosanol can be used as an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). 1-Hexacosanol has larvicidal activity and can inhibit the acetylcholinesterase activity of Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Chironomus riparius, exerting neurotoxic effects.

HY-W011086R

Tri-O-tolyl phosphate (Standard)

Tri-O-cresyl phosphate (Standard); TOTP (Standard)

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Tri-O-tolyl phosphate (Tri-O-cresyl phosphate; TOTP) (Standard) is an analytical standard of Tri-O-tolyl phosphate (HY-W011086). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tri-O-tolyl phosphate is an aryl phosphate compounds commonly utilized as flame retardants and lubricant additives across various industrie. Tri-O-tolyl phosphate has neurotoxicity and reproductive toxicity, decreasing cell viability, inhibiting cell proliferation, triggering cell cycle arrest, induceing apoptosis, causing mitochondrial dysfunction, disrupts calcium homeostasis .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-P1363

β-Amyloid (1-42), human TFA 20+ Cited Publications Amyloid β-peptide (1-42) (human) TFA	Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
β-Amyloid (1-42) (Amyloid β-peptide (1-42), human TFA, a 42-amino acid peptide that has not been treated with HFIP, is a brain-penetrant amyloid protein fragment, which can be used in research on Alzheimer's disease and Down’s syndrome. β-Amyloid (1-42), human TFA remaining as a monomer exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. β-Amyloid (1-42), human TFA, after being monomericized by HFIP and dissolved in DMSO to form the stock solution, on the one hand, can form soluble oligomers (AβOs) when incubated at 4 °C, which have synaptic toxicity and neurotoxicity; on the other hand, it can be incubated at 37 °C to form insoluble fibrils, with lower neurotoxicity, and participating in the oxidative damage process. Aβ42 oligomers bind to various neuronal surface receptors (such as PrPc, mGluR5, NMDA receptors, etc.), triggering oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis imbalance, and synaptic toxicity via activating downstream signaling pathways, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death .

HY-P1363A

β-Amyloid (1-42), human 20+ Cited Publications Amyloid β-peptide (1-42) (human)	Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
β-Amyloid (1-42) (Amyloid β-peptide (1-42)), human, a 42-amino acid peptide that has not been treated with HFIP, is a brain-penetrant amyloid protein fragment, which can be used in research on Alzheimer's disease and Down’s syndrome. β-Amyloid (1-42), human remaining as a monomer exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. β-Amyloid (1-42), human, after being monomericized by HFIP and dissolved in DMSO to form the stock solution, on the one hand, can form soluble oligomers (AβOs) when incubated at 4 °C, which have synaptic toxicity and neurotoxicity; on the other hand, it can be incubated at 37 °C to form insoluble fibrils, with lower neurotoxicity, and participating in the oxidative damage process. Aβ42 oligomers bind to various neuronal surface receptors (such as PrPc, mGluR5, NMDA receptors, etc.), triggering oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis imbalance, and synaptic toxicity via activating downstream signaling pathways, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death .

HY-P1363B

β-Amyloid (1-42), human, HFIP-treated 20+ Cited Publications	Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
β-Amyloid (1-42), human, HFIP-treated, a 42-amino acid peptide that has been treated with HFIP from β-Amyloid (1-42), human (HY-P1363A), is a brain-penetrant amyloid protein fragment, which can be used in research on Alzheimer's disease and Down’s syndrome. β-Amyloid (1-42), human, HFIP-treated remaining as a monomer exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. β-Amyloid (1-42), human, HFIP-treated, after being dissolved in DMSO to form the stock solution, on the one hand, can form soluble oligomers (AβOs) when incubated at 4°C, which have synaptic toxicity and neurotoxicity; on the other hand, it can be incubated at 37°C to form insoluble fibrils, with lower neurotoxicity, and participating in the oxidative damage process. Aβ42 oligomers bind to various neuronal surface receptors (such as PrPc, mGluR5, NMDA receptors, etc.), triggering oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis imbalance, and synaptic toxicity via activating downstream signaling pathways, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death .

HY-P0128

β-Amyloid (25-35) 40+ Cited Publications Amyloid beta-peptide (25-35); Aβ25-35; β-Amyloid peptide (25-35)	Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
β-Amyloid (25-35) (Amyloid beta-peptide (25-35)) is the fragment Aβ(25-35) of the Alzheimer's amyloid β-peptide, has shown neurotoxic activities in cultured cells .

HY-P1061

Colivelin Maximum Cited Publications 92 Publications Verification	STAT Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
Colivelin is a brain penetrant neuroprotective peptide and a potent activator of STAT3, suppresses neuronal death by activating STAT3 in vitro . Colivelin exhibits long-term beneficial effects against neurotoxicity, Aβ deposition, neuronal apoptosis, and synaptic plasticity deficits in neurodegenerative disease . Colivelin has the potential for the treatment of alzheimer's disease and ischemic brain injury

HY-P1061A

Colivelin TFA Maximum Cited Publications 92 Publications Verification	STAT Amyloid-β Apoptosis	Neurological Disease
Colivelin TFA is a brain penetrant neuroprotective peptide and a potent activator of STAT3, suppresses neuronal death by activating STAT3 in vitro . Colivelin TFA exhibits long-term beneficial effects against neurotoxicity, Aβ deposition, neuronal apoptosis, and synaptic plasticity deficits in neurodegenerative disease . Colivelin TFA has the potential for the treatment of alzheimer's disease and ischemic brain injury .

HY-P0128A

β-Amyloid (25-35), HFIP-treated 40+ Cited Publications Amyloid beta-peptide (25-35), HFIP-treated; Aβ25-35, HFIP-treated; β-Amyloid peptide (25-35), HFIP-treated	Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
β-Amyloid (25-35) (Amyloid beta-peptide (25-35)), HFIP-treated is a β-Amyloid (25-35) (HY-P0128) treated with HFIP. β-Amyloid (25-35) (Amyloid beta-peptide (25-35)) is the fragment Aβ(25-35) of the Alzheimer's amyloid β-peptide, has shown neurotoxic activities in cultured cells .

HY-P1928

Humanin	Bcl-2 Family	Neurological Disease Endocrinology
Humanin, an anti-apoptotic peptide of 24 amino acids, is a Bax inhibitor. Humanin prevents the translocation of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria, blocks Bax from the inactive to active conformation. Humanin is a mitochondria-associated peptide with a neuroprotective effect against AD-related neurotoxicity. Humanin also improves overall insulin sensitivity in animal. Humanin are related to aging . Humanin analogue, in which the serine at position 14 is replaced by glycine, names HNG .

HY-138903

L-Homocysteic acid 1 Publications Verification L-HCA	iGluR	Neurological Disease
L-Homocysteic acid (L-HCA) is an endogenous excitatory amino acid that acts as a NMDA receptor agonist (EC₅₀: 14 μM). L-Homocysteic acid is neurotoxic, and can be used in the research of neurological disorders .

HY-N6748

Roquefortine C 1 Publications Verification	P-glycoprotein Cytochrome P450 Bacterial c-Met/HGFR	Infection Neurological Disease Cancer
Roquefortine C is a mycotoxin that can be isolated from Penicillium species. Roquefortine C is an agonist of P-gp and an inhibitor of P450 3A and P450 1A. Roquefortine C can inhibit Gram-positive bacteria and also has certain neurotoxicity. Additionally, Roquefortine C can exert antitumor activity .

HY-105066

Davunetide 1 Publications Verification	Microtubule/Tubulin Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
Davunetide is an eight amino acid snippet derived from activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP), a neurotrophic factor that exists in the mammalian CNS. Davunetide possesses neuroprotective, neurotrophic and cognitive protective roperties. Davunetide, a microtubule-stabilizing peptide, interacts with and stabilises neuron-specific βIII-tubulin in vitro. Davunetide penetrates the blood-brain barrier and is non-toxic. Davunetide inhibits Aβ aggregation and Aβ-induced neurotoxicity .

HY-P10019

Pegsebrenatide NLY01	GCGR	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Pegsebrenatide (NLY01) is a blood-brain barrier-penetrant GLP-1R agonist. Pegsebrenatide alleviates retinal inflammation and neuronal death secondary to ocular hypertension . Pegsebrenatide significantly delays onset and reduces disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis . Pegsebrenatide inhibits the formation of A1 reactive astrocytes in nerve cells and reduces the loss of retinal ganglion cells and dopaminergic neurons. Pegsebrenatide exerts neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease by directly preventing microglia-mediated conversion of astrocytes to the A1 neurotoxic phenotype. Pegsebrenatide can be used for research on glaucoma, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis .

HY-P5807A

Cn2 toxin TFA β-Mammal toxin Cn2 TFA	Sodium Channel	Neurological Disease
Cn2 toxin TFA (β-Mammal toxin Cn2 TFA) is a single-chain β-scorpion neurotoxic peptide that is the main toxin in scorpion venom. Cn2 toxin (TFA) specifically targets mammalian voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) Nav1.6 .

HY-P1508A

Bactenecin TFA Bactenecin, bovine TFA	Bacterial Fungal	Infection
Bactenecin TFA (Bactenecin, bovine TFA) is a potent 12-aa looped antimicrobial peptide isolated from bovine neutrophils. Bactenecin TFA inhibits the growth of bacteria and yeast, and kills the fungus Trichophyton rubrum. Bactenecin TFA increass membrane permeability, inhibits the growth and biofilm formation of *B. pseudomallei* .

HY-P1508

Bactenecin Bactenecin, bovine	Bacterial Fungal Antibiotic	Infection
Bactenecin (Bactenecin, bovine) is a potent 12-aa looped antimicrobial peptide isolated from bovine neutrophils. Bactenecin inhibits the growth of bacteria and yeast, and kills the fungus Trichophyton rubrum. Bactenecin increass membrane permeability, inhibits the growth and biofilm formation of *B. pseudomallei* .

HY-P1517

β-Amyloid (31-35)	Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
β-Amyloid (31-35) is the shortest sequence of native Amyloid-β peptide that retains neurotoxic activity.

HY-P1363S1

β-Amyloid (1-42), human, Ala(13C3,15N) TFA	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
β-Amyloid (1-42), human, Ala( ¹³C₃, ¹⁵N) TFA is the ¹³C and ¹⁵N-labeled β-Amyloid (1-42), human (HY-P1363A). β-Amyloid (1-42) (Amyloid β-peptide (1-42)), human, a 42-amino acid peptide that has not been treated with HFIP, is a brain-penetrant amyloid protein fragment, which can be used in research on Alzheimer's disease and Down’s syndrome. β-Amyloid (1-42), human remaining as a monomer exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. β-Amyloid (1-42), human, after being monomericized by HFIP and dissolved in DMSO to form the stock solution, on the one hand, can form soluble oligomers (AβOs) when incubated at 4 °C, which have synaptic toxicity and neurotoxicity; on the other hand, it can be incubated at 37 °C to form insoluble fibrils, with lower neurotoxicity, and participating in the oxidative damage process. Aβ42 oligomers bind to various neuronal surface receptors (such as PrPc, mGluR5, NMDA receptors, etc.), triggering oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis imbalance, and synaptic toxicity via activating downstream signaling pathways, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death .

HY-P5854

Aa1 toxin	Potassium Channel	Neurological Disease
Aa1 toxin, a neurotoxic peptide that can be obtained from the venom of Androctonus australis Garzoni, is a specific potassium channel blocker. Aa1 toxin can be used in the study of neurological diseases .

HY-P10035

β Amyloid(28-35) human	Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
β Amyloid(28-35) human is a β-amyloid peptide (Abeta), a lipid-induced amyloid core fragment. β Amyloid oligomers are neurotoxic, and β Amyloid(28-35) human can interact with neuronal membranes, regulate secondary structure and neurotoxicity, and cause Alzheimer's disease. β Amyloid(28-35) human has anisotropic effects on the acidic phospholipid DPH, resulting in enhanced internal fluidity of lipid membrane bilayers .

HY-P3275

β-Amyloid (17-40) Aβ(17-40)	Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
β-Amyloid (17-40) (Aβ(17-40)) is a fragment of Amyloid-β peptide that has shown neurotoxic activities in SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cells. β-Amyloid (17-40) can be used for the research of neurological disease .

HY-P11409

Prion Protein (118-135), human	Apoptosis Caspase	Neurological Disease
Prion Protein (118-135), human is the 118-135 fragment of human prion protein. Prion Protein (118-135), human induces Apoptosis. Prion Protein (118-135), human stimulates caspase-3 and -9 activities. Prion Protein (118-135), human is cytotoxic to retinal neurons. Prion Protein (118-135), human exerts neurotoxic effects .

HY-105066R

Davunetide (Standard)	Reference Standards Microtubule/Tubulin Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
Davunetide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Davunetide (HY-105066). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Davunetide is an eight amino acid snippet derived from activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP), a neurotrophic factor that exists in the mammalian CNS. Davunetide possesses neuroprotective, neurotrophic and cognitive protective roperties. Davunetide, a microtubule-stabilizing peptide, interacts with and stabilises neuron-specific βIII-tubulin in vitro. Davunetide penetrates the blood-brain barrier and is non-toxic. Davunetide inhibits Aβ aggregation and Aβ-induced neurotoxicity .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-15142

Doxorubicin hydrochloride Maximum Cited Publications 650 Publications Verification Hydroxydaunorubicin hydrochloride; ADR	Infection Quinones Structural Classification Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Anthraquinones Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Topoisomerase ADC Payload AMPK Autophagy Apoptosis HIV HBV Mitophagy Antibiotic Bacterial Fluorescent Dye
Doxorubicin hydrochloride (Hydroxydaunorubicin hydrochloride; ADR), a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic, is an anti-cancer chemotherapy agent. Doxorubicin hydrochloride is a potent human DNA topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 0.8 μM and 2.67 μM, respectively. Doxorubicin hydrochloride reduces basal phosphorylation of AMPK and its downstream target acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Doxorubicin hydrochloride induces apoptosis and autophagy .

HY-14608

L-Glutamic acid 10+ Cited Publications	Structural Classification Microorganisms Disease markers Endocrine diseases Amino acids Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Cardiovascular System Disorder Cancer Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Endogenous Metabolite iGluR Ferroptosis Apoptosis
L-Glutamic acid is an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter that acts as an agonist for all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabolic rhodophylline, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid has an agonist effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic nerve endings. L-Glutamic acid can be used in the study of neurological diseases. L-Glutamic acid acts at ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors .

HY-B1777

Spermine 5+ Cited Publications NSC 268508; Neuridine	Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) DNA/RNA Synthesis
Spermine is a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Spermine is known to inhibit some bacterial cultures, especially strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Spermine induces neurotoxicity in the striarum dose-dependently. Spermine can reversibly inhibits DNA synthetic response, mixed lymphocyte response and the induction of cytolytic lymphocyte response in primary cultures of murine spleen cells. Spermine tetrahydrochloride is a polyamine nitric oxide donor that can provide nitric oxide to platelets and inhibit platelet activation to a certain extent concentration-dependently. Spermine tetrahydrochloride occurs in mammalian tissues, plants, bacteria, ribosomes and bacteriophage. Spermine tetrahydrochloride inhibits primary human embryo lung fibroblasts in vitro .

HY-14608A

L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt 10+ Cited Publications	Structural Classification Microorganisms other families Animals Amino acids Plants Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants iGluR Apoptosis Ferroptosis Endogenous Metabolite
L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt is an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter that acts as an agonist for all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabolic rhodophylline, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt has an agonist effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic nerve endings. L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt can be used in the study of neurological diseases. L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt acts at ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors .

HY-B1945

DEHP 5+ Cited Publications Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; Ergoplast FDO; ESBO-D 82	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Endogenous Metabolite
DEHP (Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) is a widely used plasticizer, which has orally active. DEHP can produce a wide spectrum of toxic effects on organisms including neurotoxicity, liver toxicity, immunotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity .

HY-113402

Gamma-glutamylcysteine 4 Publications Verification γ-Glu-Cys	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Interleukin Related TNF Receptor AMPK Sirtuin STAT PI3K NF-κB JAK p38 MAPK JNK Akt Apoptosis Ferroptosis
Gamma-glutamylcysteine (γ-Glu-Cys) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable dipeptide . Gamma-glutamylcysteine activates AMPK, SIRT1, IL-4/STAT6, AC/cAMP/PI3K, IGF-1R/IRS1/PI3K, and Nrf2 signaling pathways; it inhibits NF-κB, JAK1/STAT1/3, MAPKs, cadmium-induced p38 MAPK, JNK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Gamma-glutamylcysteine regulates macrophage polarization, modulates the trafficking of CD36 and GLUT4, induces glutathione synthesis, improves metabolic dysfunction, reduces lipid deposition, ameliorates glucose homeostasis, inhibits apoptosis (Apoptosis), stabilizes mitochondria, suppresses lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation and ferroptosis (Ferroptosis), reduces ds-HMGB1 levels, reverses mechanical hyperalgesia, and alleviates hepatic lipid droplet formation. Gamma-glutamylcysteine is applicable to research related to inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes, cadmium-induced neurotoxicity, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, neuropathy, and alcoholic liver disease .

HY-N2166

Tomatine 2 Publications Verification α-Tomatine; Lycopersicin; Tomatin	Solanum lycopersicum L. Solanaceae Plants Steroids Source Classification	Proteasome Apoptosis
Tomatine is a glycoalkaloid, found in the tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Tomatine elicits neurotoxicity in RIP1 kinase and caspase-independent manner. Tomatine promotes the upregulation of nuclear apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) in neuroblastoma cells. Tomatine also inhibits 20S proteasome activity .

HY-N0568

Madecassoside 3 Publications Verification Asiaticoside A	Triterpenes Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Other Diseases Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Umbelliferae Plants Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis Autophagy Keap1-Nrf2 p38 MAPK Caspase
Madecassoside is a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Centella asiatica and has anti-inflammatory properties. Antioxidant and anti-aging effects. Madecassoside is a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Centella asiatica. Madecassoside is orally active and has inhibitory properties against inflammation, oxidation, apoptosis and autophagy. Madecassosid inhibits activities of p38 MAPK and NF-kB , exhibits an anti-apopototic property, activates Nrf2 expression to reduce the neurotoxicity . Madecassoside can be used in endocrine diseases, cardiovascular diseases, skin diseases and other diseases.

HY-15142R

Doxorubicin hydrochloride (Standard) 5 Publications Verification Hydroxydaunorubicin hydrochloride (Standard); ADR (Standard)	Quinones Structural Classification Microorganisms Anthraquinones Source Classification	Reference Standards Topoisomerase ADC Payload AMPK Autophagy Apoptosis HIV HBV Mitophagy Antibiotic Bacterial Fluorescent Dye
Doxorubicin hydrochloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Doxorubicin hydrochloride. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Doxorubicin (Hydroxydaunorubicin) hydrochloride, a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic, is an anti-cancer chemotherapy agent. Doxorubicin hydrochloride is a potent human DNA topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 0.8 μM and 2.67 μM, respectively. Doxorubicin hydrochloride reduces basal phosphorylation of AMPK and its downstream target acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Doxorubicin hydrochloride induces apoptosis and autophagy .

HY-N7745

Glucosylsphingosine 1 Publications Verification Glucopsychosine; Lyso-Gb1; Lyso-GL1	Animals Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Saccharides Source Classification	Drug Metabolite Glycosidase
Glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1) is a deacylated form of glucosylceramide with neurotoxicity and is also a noncompetitively inhibitor of glucocerebrosidase with a K_i value of 30 μM. Glucosylsphingosine is promising for research of Krabbe and Gaucher disease .

HY-100808

D-Serine 2 Publications Verification (R)-Serine	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Amino acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	iGluR Endogenous Metabolite
D-Serine ((R)-Serine), an endogenous amino acid involved in glia-synapse interactions that has unique neurotransmitter characteristics, is a potent co-agonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor. D-Serinee has a cardinal modulatory role in major NMDAR-dependent processes including NMDAR-mediated neurotransmission, neurotoxicity, synaptic plasticity, and cell migration .

HY-100542

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium 4 Publications Verification Disodium (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) ATP Synthase mTOR Endogenous Metabolite
D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium (Disodium (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate) is the principal metabolite accumulating in neurometabolic disease D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium is a weak competitive antagonist of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and inhibits multiple α-KG-dependent dioxygenases with a K_i of 10.87 mM. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium binds and inhibits ATP synthase and inhibits mTOR signaling .

HY-15142A

Doxorubicin Hydroxydaunorubicin	Infection Quinones Structural Classification Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Anthraquinones Phenols Polyphenols Disease Research Fields Source Classification	ADC Payload Antibiotic Bacterial Topoisomerase AMPK HIV Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis HBV Fluorescent Dye
Doxorubicin (Hydroxydaunorubicin), a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic, is an anti-cancer chemotherapy agent. Doxorubicin is a potent human DNA topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 0.8 μM and 2.67 μM, respectively. Doxorubicin reduces basal phosphorylation of AMPK and its downstream target acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Doxorubicin induces apoptosis and autophagy .

HY-30004

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Endogenous Metabolite
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid is an endogenous metabolite. In the presence of low concentrations (1 μM) of glutamate, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid acts as a small molecule agonist of NMDA receptors with an EC50 of 0.7-0.9 μM. At high concentrations (10 μM) of glutamate, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid acts as a competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors with an EC50 of 81.6 nM. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid exerts neuroprotective activity by moderately activating NMDA receptors to prevent neuronal cell death in ischemic animal models. Additionally, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid is an antagonist of NMDA receptors, inducing blood pressure reduction and antioxidant effects in stroke-prone hypertensive rats. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid enhances object recognition memory and cognitive flexibility dependent on the prefrontal cortex, but does not affect impulsivity nor exhibit an antipsychotic-like profile. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid shows promise for research in the field of neurotoxicity. .

HY-113402A

Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA 4 Publications Verification γ-Glu-Cys TFA	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Interleukin Related TNF Receptor Endogenous Metabolite AMPK Sirtuin STAT PI3K NF-κB JAK p38 MAPK JNK Akt Apoptosis Ferroptosis
Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA (γ-Glu-Cys TFA) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable dipeptide . Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA activates AMPK, SIRT1, IL-4/STAT6, AC/cAMP/PI3K, IGF-1R/IRS1/PI3K, and Nrf2 signaling pathways; it inhibits NF-κB, JAK1/STAT1/3, MAPKs, cadmium-induced p38 MAPK, JNK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA regulates macrophage polarization, modulates the trafficking of CD36 and GLUT4, induces glutathione synthesis, improves metabolic dysfunction, reduces lipid deposition, ameliorates glucose homeostasis, inhibits apoptosis (Apoptosis), stabilizes mitochondria, suppresses lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation and ferroptosis (Ferroptosis), reduces ds-HMGB1 levels, reverses mechanical hyperalgesia, and alleviates hepatic lipid droplet formation. Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA is applicable to research related to inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes, cadmium-induced neurotoxicity, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, neuropathy, and alcoholic liver disease .

HY-113038

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid 4 Publications Verification (R)-2-Hydroxyglutarate; (R)-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid; (R)-2-Hydroxypentanedioic acid	Classification of Application Fields Neurological Disease Anti-aging Endocrine diseases Endogenous metabolite Immune System Disorder Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Nervous System Disorder Disease Research Fields Inflammation/Immunology Cancer Source Classification	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) ATP Synthase mTOR Endogenous Metabolite
D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid ((R)-2-Hydroxyglutarate) is the principal metabolite accumulating in neurometabolic disease D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid is a weak competitive antagonist of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and inhibits multiple α-KG-dependent dioxygenases with a K_i of 10.87 mM. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid binds and inhibits ATP synthase and inhibits mTOR signaling .

HY-111095B

D-(-)-Lactic acid sodium (R)-2-Hydroxypropionic acid sodium	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Drug Isomer
D-(-)-Lactic acid ((R)-2-Hydroxypropionic acid) sodium is an orally active, toxic optical isomer of Lactic acid (HY-B2227), mainly derived from overproduction by intestinal bacteria or exogenous intake. D-(-)-Lactic acid sodium can induce intoxication, characterized by severe metabolic acidosis accompanied by neurological symptoms .

HY-113283

Homogentisic acid	Structural Classification Other disease Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Phenols Polyphenols Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Amyloid-β Natriuretic Peptide Receptor (NPR) α-synuclein Transthyretin (TTR) Claudin
Homogentisic acid is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable amyloidogenic compound that functions as both an amyloid component and a pigment precursor. Accumulation of homogentisic acid downregulates tight junction proteins (such as claudin-5, occludin, ZO-1) and impairs blood-brain barrier integrity. Homogentisic acid and its oxidation product benzoquinone acetic acid not only induce the aggregation and fibrosis of multiple proteins (such as Aβ_1-42, α-synuclein, SAA, Transthyretin (TTR), atrial natriuretic peptide), but also trigger oxidative stress, damage to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and neurotoxicity, leading to ochronosis pigment deposition and synaptic dysfunction. At specific concentrations, homogentisic acid exerts no cytotoxicity or genotoxicity on human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and even counteracts the genotoxicity induced by Irinotecan (HY-16562). Homogentisic acid serves as an important tool molecule for investigating the mechanisms of diseases including ochronosis, secondary amyloidosis, Alzheimer's disease, and colorectal cancer .

HY-121192

Capillarisin 1 Publications Verification	Flavonoids Flavones Phenols Polyphenols Plants Compositae Artemisia capillaris Thunb. Source Classification	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Capillarisin, as a constituent from Artemisiae Capillaris herba, is found to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Capillarisin can be used for the research of asthma-mediated complications and can be a potential neuroprotectant against bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity .

HY-N7368

Hibifolin	Flavonols Flavonoids other families Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Phenols Polyphenols Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Adenosine Deaminase Bacterial Caspase
Hibifolin is a flavonol glycoside that can be isolated from Helicteres isora. Hibifolin is an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (ADA) (K_i = 49.92 μM). Hibifolin protects neurons against β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity. Hibifolin possesses a potent protective activity against cell death induced by aggregated Aβ. Hibifolin can abolish Aβ-induced caspase-3 and caspase-7 activation. Hibifolin induces Akt phosphorylation in cortical neurons. Hibifolin is also a natural sortase A (SrtA) inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 31.2 μM) through direct binding to SrtA protein. Hibifolin attenuates the pathogenic behavior of Staphylococcus aureus including adhesion, invasion, and biofilm formation. Hibifolin improves the survival of pneumonia induced by Staphylococcus aureus in mouse model and alleviates pathological damage. Hibifolin shows a synergistic antibacterial effect with Cefotaxime (HY-A0088A) .

HY-B1777A

Spermine tetrahydrochloride 5+ Cited Publications	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) DNA/RNA Synthesis
Spermine tetrahydrochloride is a polyamine nitric oxide donor that can provide nitric oxide to platelets and inhibit platelet activation to a certain extent concentration-dependently. Spermine tetrahydrochloride occurs in mammalian tissues, plants, bacteria, ribosomes and bacteriophage. Spermine tetrahydrochloride inhibits primary human embryo lung fibroblasts in vitro. Spermine is a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Spermine is known to inhibit some bacterial cultures, especially strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Spermine induces neurotoxicity in the striarum dose-dependently. Spermine can reversibly inhibits DNA synthetic response, mixed lymphocyte response and the induction of cytolytic lymphocyte response in primary cultures of murine spleen cells .

HY-138800

Spinosad 4 Publications Verification	Natural Products Microorganisms Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Disease Research Fields Biological Pesticide Research Source Classification Agricultural Research	nAChR
Spinosad, a mixture of spinosyns A and D known as fermentation products of a soil actinomycete (Saccharopolyspora spinosa), is a biological neurotoxic insecticide with a broader action spectrum. Spinosad targets the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) of the insect nervous system. Spinosad has an excellent environmental and mammalian toxicological profile. Larvicidal activity .

HY-Y1117

Melamine 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Natural Products Zea mays L. Classification of Application Fields Gramineae Other Diseases Plants Disease Research Fields	Environmental Pollutants Drug Metabolite Apoptosis COX NADPH Oxidase NF-κB ROS Kinase TGF-β Receptor
Melamine is an orally active inducer of Apoptosis. Melamine induces animal disease models. Melamine affects the activity of Sertoli cell and can be used for research on male reproductive function. Melamine also has neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Melamine induces cognitive impairment and acute kidney injury models. Melamine can also be used to induce bladder cancer and urinary stone models .

HY-N7046

Silybin B Silibinin B	Flavanonols Structural Classification Flavonoids Glycine soya Phenols Polyphenols Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. Plants Compositae Source Classification	Amyloid-β Apoptosis JNK p38 MAPK
Silybin B (Silibinin B) is an orally active amyloid-β aggregation inhibitor and ATR pathway activator that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Silybin B inhibits Aβ fibril formation and promotes amorphous aggregate formation, while activating the ATR-mediated DNA damage repair pathway and inhibiting JNK/p38 MAPK signaling. Silybin B can reduce Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced neuronal DNA damage and apoptosis. Silybin B has anti-oxidative stress, cell cycle regulation and neuroprotective activities. Silybin B is mainly used in the study of Alzheimer's disease and Cisplatin chemotherapy-related neurotoxicity .

HY-N12060

Ginkgo biloba extract	Structural Classification Natural Products Ginkgoaceae Plants Ginkgo biloba Source Classification	Bcl-2 Family Caspase Apoptosis Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Akt JNK ERK
Ginkgo biloba extract is a natural product that can be isolated from Ginkgo biloba leaves . Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis (Apoptosis) by stabilizing mitochondrial function, regulating Bcl-2 family proteins and inhibiting caspase activation. Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates testicular injury by upregulating SKP2 and inhibiting Beclin1-independent autophagy (Autophagy) . Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates various types of neuronal damage in animal models. Ginkgo biloba extract reduces behavioral sensitization in rats. Ginkgo biloba extract counteracts Aβ-induced neurotoxicity by blocking a series of Aβ-triggered events, including glucose uptake, ROS accumulation, AKT activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, JNK and ERK 1/2 pathways, and apoptosis, and also interferes with the formation of Aβ oligomers. Ginkgo biloba extract is applicable to research related to cerebral hypoperfusion, testicular injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multi-infarct dementia, stroke, traumatic brain injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis .

HY-B0770

Artemotil 1 Publications Verification β-Arteether; (+)-Arteether; Arteether	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Artemisia carvifolia Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. Plants Compositae Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	CXCR Parasite
Artemotil (β-Arteether) has antimalarial activity for the treatment of chloroquine-resistant *Plasmodium falciparum* malaria with an IC₅₀ of 1.61 nM. Artemotil also has central nervous system (CNS) neurotoxicity and anorectic toxicity in rats, dogs and monkeys .

HY-N0061

Ethyl ferulate 3 Publications Verification	Monophenols Simple Phenylpropanols Phenols Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis Phenylpropanoids Umbelliferae Plants Source Classification	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Ethyl ferulate, a naturally lipophilic derivative of ferulic acid originally derived from Rhizoma Chuanxiong, induces heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and protects rat neurons against oxidative stress . Ethyl ferulate also protects neurons against amyloid β peptide (1-42)-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity .

HY-14608R

L-Glutamic acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Microorganisms Disease markers Endocrine diseases Amino acids Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Cardiovascular System Disorder Cancer Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite iGluR Ferroptosis Apoptosis
L-Glutamic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Glutamic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Glutamic acid is an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter that acts as an agonist for all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabolic rhodophylline, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid has an agonist effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic nerve endings. L-Glutamic acid can be used in the study of neurological diseases . IC₅₀ & Target:DA . In Vitro: L-Glutamic acid (120, 500, 750, 1000 mg/dL) can reduce the harmful effect of lithium on the embryonic development of Xenopus Xenopus . L-Glutamic acid (2, 5, 10, 20 mM, 24-48 h) can induce neuroexcitotoxicity in neuroblastoma . In Vivo: L-Glutamic acid (3 g/kg, subcutaneous injection) can promote excitotoxic degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in mice . L-Glutamic acid (750 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) can reduce and inhibit oxidative stress induced by chlorpyrifos (CPF) in rats .

HY-W010041

Scyllo-Inositol	Natural Products Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	α-synuclein Amyloid-β
Scyllo-Inositol is an inhibitor that targets the aggregation of misfolded proteins (such as α-synuclein and Amyloid-β), is orally effective, and can cross the blood-brain barrier. Scyllo-Inositol can selectively bind to and stabilize non-toxic oligomers, preventing them from converting into toxic fibers, exerting protein homeostasis regulation and neuroprotective activity. Scyllo-Inositol binds to the hydrophobic region of pathogenic proteins, inhibits protein aggregation, and promotes lysosome- and proteasome-mediated degradation pathways, thereby reducing neurotoxicity. Scyllo-Inositol can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease .

HY-113366

Prostaglandin J2 PGJ2	Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Prostaglandin Receptor Endogenous Metabolite
Prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2), an endogenous metabolite of Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2; HY-101988), is a potent PGD2 receptor (DP) agonist with K_is of 0.9 nM and 6.6 nM for hDP and hCRTH2, respectively. Prostaglandin J2 stimulates intracellular cyclic AMP production with an EC₅₀ value of 1.2 nM. Prostaglandin J2 induces oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. Prostaglandin J2 induces the accumulation/aggregation of ubiquitinated (Ub) proteins. Prostaglandin J2 is highly neurotoxic and potentially contributes to many neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD) .

HY-N7675

Flavanomarein	Cardiovascular Disease Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Cercis chinensis Bunge Metabolic Disease Plants Compositae Flavonoids other families Flavonones Phenols Polyphenols Disease Research Fields Source Classification	NF-κB TGF-beta/Smad Syk
Flavanomarein is a substance with cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, with a K_a of 3.064e-5 M against human Syk. Flavanomarein enhances the phosphorylation level of AKT, regulates the expression of PKC-δ, P85α, PKC-β1, Sirt1, Bcl-2 and ICAD, and inhibits the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Flavanomarein regulates EMT marker proteins, promotes the proliferation of HK-2 cells, and protects neuronal cells from 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxic damage. Flavanomarein can be used in studies related to Parkinson's disease and diabetic nephropathy.

HY-W014589

2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol 2 Publications Verification 2,4-DTBP	Monophenols Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Phenols Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Fungal Apoptosis RAR/RXR Amyloid-β
2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) is an orally active RXRα activator and a human estrogen receptor ligand with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which can induce apoptosis in tumor cells. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol can activate the RXRα subtype in LXRα/RXRα, PPARγ/RXRα, and hormone receptor β/RXRα. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol also has antiviral and antifungal activities and has the potential to inhibit Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol can be used as an intermediate in the preparation of antioxidants and UV stabilizers, and is also used in the manufacture of drugs and fragrances .

HY-Z0283

Benzamide 1 Publications Verification Benzenecarboxamide; Phenylamide	Alkaloids Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Other Alkaloids Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite PARP
Benzamide (Benzenecarboxamide) is a potent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. Benzamide has protective activity against both glutamate- and methamphetamine (METH)-induced neurotoxicity in vitro. Benzamide can attenuate the METH-induced dopamine depletions and exhibits neuroprotective activity in mice, also has no acute effect on striatal dopamine metabolism and does not reduce body temperature .

HY-131592

Tricetin 1 Publications Verification	Flavonols Flavonoids Cupressaceae Thuja occidentalisLinn. Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Apoptosis Keap1-Nrf2
Tricetin is a potent competitive inhibitor of the Keap1-Nrf2 Protein Protein Interaction (PPI). Tricetin protects against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in Parkinson's disease model by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and preventing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway .

HY-113468A

3-O-Methyldopa 1 Publications Verification 3-Methoxy-L-tyrosine; 3-O-Methyl-L-DOPA	Monophenols Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Phenols Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Drug Derivative Interleukin Related
3-O-Methyldopa (3-Methoxy-L-tyrosine) is a metabolite of L-DOPA (HY-N0304) that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). 3-O-Methyldopa inhibits the astrocyte-mediated protective effect of L-DOPA (HY-N0304) on dopaminergic neurons. In addition, 3-O-Methyldopa has certain antidepressant and neuroprotective activities. 3-O-Methyldopa can be used in the research of nervous system diseases such as depression and Parkinson's disease .

HY-N2511

Trimyristin	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Myristicaceae Plants Myristica fragrans Houtt. Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Lipid Source Classification	Cholinesterase (ChE) Phosphatase
Trimyristin is an orally active compound. Trimyristin can be isolated from the seeds of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans). Trimyristin inhibits the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), ACP and ALP, with IC₅₀ values of 0.11, 0.16 and 0.18 mM, respectively. Trimyristin exerts competitive-noncompetitive inhibition on acetylcholinesterase, uncompetitive inhibition on ACP, and competitive/noncompetitive inhibition on ALP. Trimyristin restores the downregulated acetylcholinesterase concentration in the cerebral cortex of rats exposed to sodium arsenite. Trimyristin can be used in studies related to fascioliasis and neurotoxicity .

HY-N6748

Roquefortine C 1 Publications Verification	Infection Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Cyclopeptides Disease Research Fields Source Classification	P-glycoprotein Cytochrome P450 Bacterial c-Met/HGFR
Roquefortine C is a mycotoxin that can be isolated from Penicillium species. Roquefortine C is an agonist of P-gp and an inhibitor of P450 3A and P450 1A. Roquefortine C can inhibit Gram-positive bacteria and also has certain neurotoxicity. Additionally, Roquefortine C can exert antitumor activity .

HY-W014504

DL-Kynurenine	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
DL-Kynurenine is a key metabolite in the tryptophan metabolic pathway and can cross the blood-brain barrier. DL-Kynurenine has a bidirectional regulatory effect on neural excitability. DL-Kynurenine can enhance the convulsive and lethal effects caused by strychnine. DL-Kynurenine is the precursor of Kynurenic acid (HY-100806), which is an antagonist at the glycine site of NMDA receptors and can counteract excitatory toxins. DL-Kynurenine can be used for research on neurotoxicity .

HY-N0568R

Madecassoside (Standard) Asiaticoside A (Standard)	Triterpenes Structural Classification Terpenoids Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Umbelliferae Plants Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis Autophagy Keap1-Nrf2 p38 MAPK Caspase
Madecassoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Madecassoside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Madecassoside is a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Centella asiatica and has anti-inflammatory properties. Antioxidant and anti-aging effects. Madecassoside is a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Centella asiatica. Madecassoside is orally active and has inhibitory properties against inflammation, oxidation, apoptosis and autophagy. Madecassosid inhibits activities of p38 MAPK and NF-kB , exhibits an anti-apopototic property, activates Nrf2 expression to reduce the neurotoxicity[10]. Madecassoside can be used in endocrine diseases, cardiovascular diseases, skin diseases and other diseases.

HY-B1945R

DEHP (Standard) 1 Publications Verification Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (Standard); Ergoplast FDO (Standard); ESBO-D 82 (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite
DEHP (Standard) is the analytical standard of DEHP. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. DEHP (Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) is a widely used plasticizer, which has orally active. DEHP can produce a wide spectrum of toxic effects on organisms including neurotoxicity, liver toxicity, immunotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity .

HY-N13742

Dihydrohonokiol B Dihydrohonokiol	Philadelphus coronarius L. Magnoliaceae Phenols Polyphenols Plants Source Classification	GABA Receptor
Dihydrohonokiol B (Dihydrohonokiol) is an anxiolytic agent. Dihydrohonokiol B can reduce the neurotoxicity induced by amyloid β protein by stimulating the GABA_C receptor. Dihydrohonokiol B can be used in the research of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease .

HY-108909

Chymopapain	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Chymopapain is a non-specific proteo-glycanase derived from the papaya plant. Chymopapain has neurotoxicity when injected into nerve bundles. Chymopapain directly into the intervertebral disc caused disc narrowing due to dissolution of the extruded material. Chymopapain has the potential for the research of herniated lumbar discs .

HY-N6776

Penitrem A	Structural Classification Microorganisms Terpenoids Diterpenoids Source Classification	Potassium Channel
Penitrem A is an indole diterpene neurotoxic alkaloid produced by Penicillium, acts as a selective BK channel antagonist with antiproliferative and anti-invasive activities against multiple malignancies. Penitrem A increases the spontaneous release of endogenous glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and aspartate from cerebrocortical synaptosomes, and induces tremorgenic syndromes in animals .

HY-W014589R

2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (Standard) 2,4-DTBP (Standard)	Structural Classification Monophenols Microorganisms Phenols Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Fungal Apoptosis RAR/RXR Amyloid-β
2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (HY-W014589). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) is an orally active RXRα activator and a human estrogen receptor ligand with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which can induce apoptosis in tumor cells. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol can activate the RXRα subtype in LXRα/RXRα, PPARγ/RXRα, and hormone receptor β/RXRα. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol also has antiviral and antifungal activities, and has the potential to inhibit Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol can be used as an intermediate in the preparation of antioxidants and UV stabilizers, and is also used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and fragrances .

HY-30004R

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid is an endogenous metabolite. In the presence of low concentrations (1 μM) of glutamate, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid acts as a small molecule agonist of NMDA receptors with an EC50 of 0.7-0.9 μM. At high concentrations (10 μM) of glutamate, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid acts as a competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors with an EC50 of 81.6 nM. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid exerts neuroprotective activity by moderately activating NMDA receptors to prevent neuronal cell death in ischemic animal models. Additionally, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid is an antagonist of NMDA receptors, inducing blood pressure reduction and antioxidant effects in stroke-prone hypertensive rats. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid enhances object recognition memory and cognitive flexibility dependent on the prefrontal cortex, but does not affect impulsivity nor exhibit an antipsychotic-like profile. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid shows promise for research in the field of neurotoxicity. .

HY-W019870A

Glufosinate	Microorganisms Source Classification	Herbicide
Glufosinate, a phosphinic acid analogue of glutamic acid, is a herbicide which is converted by plant cells into PT (L-phosphinothricin). Glufosinate exerts neurotoxic activity .

HY-113468AR

3-O-Methyldopa (Standard) 3-Methoxy-L-tyrosine (Standard); 3-O-Methyl-L-DOPA (Standard)	Structural Classification Monophenols Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Phenols Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Drug Derivative Interleukin Related Reference Standards
3-O-Methyldopa (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-O-Methyldopa. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3-O-Methyldopa (3-Methoxy-L-tyrosine) is a metabolite of L-DOPA which is formed by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). 3-O-Methyldopa competitively inhibits the pharmacodynamics of l-DOPA and dopamine .

HY-P1508A

Bactenecin TFA Bactenecin, bovine TFA	Infection Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Animals Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Bacterial Fungal
Bactenecin TFA (Bactenecin, bovine TFA) is a potent 12-aa looped antimicrobial peptide isolated from bovine neutrophils. Bactenecin TFA inhibits the growth of bacteria and yeast, and kills the fungus Trichophyton rubrum. Bactenecin TFA increass membrane permeability, inhibits the growth and biofilm formation of *B. pseudomallei* .

HY-P1508

Bactenecin Bactenecin, bovine	Infection Animals Classification of Application Fields Antibiotics Antibacterial Disease Research Disease Research Fields Other Antibiotics Source Classification	Bacterial Fungal Antibiotic
Bactenecin (Bactenecin, bovine) is a potent 12-aa looped antimicrobial peptide isolated from bovine neutrophils. Bactenecin inhibits the growth of bacteria and yeast, and kills the fungus Trichophyton rubrum. Bactenecin increass membrane permeability, inhibits the growth and biofilm formation of *B. pseudomallei* .

HY-155534

17β-HSD10-IN-1	Monophenols Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Phenols Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	17β-HSD
17β-HSD10-IN-1 (compound 9) is an orally active inhibitor of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17β-HSD10) with blood-brain permeability. 17β-HSD10-IN-1 doesn't result additional effects for mitochondrial off-targets and cytotoxic or neurotoxic effects .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-B1777AS

Spermine-d8 tetrahydrochloride

Spermine-d₈ (tetrahydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Spermine tetrahydrochloride. Spermine tetrahydrochloride is a polyamine nitric oxide donor that can provide nitric oxide to platelets and inhibit platelet activation to a certain extent concentration-dependently. Spermine tetrahydrochloride occurs in mammalian tissues, plants, bacteria, ribosomes and bacteriophage. Spermine tetrahydrochloride inhibits primary human embryo lung fibroblasts in vitro. Spermine is a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Spermine is known to inhibit some bacterial cultures, especially strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Spermine induces neurotoxicity in the striarum dose-dependently. Spermine can reversibly inhibits DNA synthetic response, mixed lymphocyte response and the induction of cytolytic lymphocyte response in primary cultures of murine spleen cells .

HY-B0815S

Chlorpyrifos-d10

Chlorpyrifos-d₁₀ is the deuterium labeled Chlorpyrifos. Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate insecticide that is classified as a phosphorothionate. The oxon metabolite of Chlorpyrifos is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), affecting neurological function in insects, humans, and other animals. The Chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO) metabolite is hydrolyzed by the plasma enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1), and susceptibility to neurotoxicity associated with CPO exposure is mitigated by PON1 overexpression.

HY-100808S

D-Serine-d3

D-Serine-d₃ ((R)-Serine-d₃) is a deuterium labeled D-Serine (HY-100808). D-Serine ((R)-Serine), an endogenous amino acid involved in glia-synapse interactions that has unique neurotransmitter characteristics, is a potent co-agonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor. D-Serinee has a cardinal modulatory role in major NMDAR-dependent processes including NMDAR-mediated neurotransmission, neurotoxicity, synaptic plasticity, and cell migration .

HY-W749327

2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol-d21

2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol-d₂1 (2,4-DTBP-d₂1) is the deuterium labeled 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (HY-W014589). 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) is an orally active RXRα activator and a human estrogen receptor ligand with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which can induce apoptosis in tumor cells. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol can activate the RXRα subtype in LXRα/RXRα, PPARγ/RXRα, and hormone receptor β/RXRα. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol also has antiviral and antifungal activities and has the potential to inhibit Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol can be used as an intermediate in the preparation of antioxidants and UV stabilizers, and is also used in the manufacture of drugs and fragrances .

HY-B0034S

Donepezil-d5 hydrochloride
Donepezil-d₅ (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Donepezil (Hydrochloride). Donepezil Hydrochloride (E2020) is a reversible, selective AChE inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 6.7 nM for AChE activity. Donepezil shows high selectivity for AChE over BuChE . Donepezil exhibits neuroprotective effect on Aβ42 neurotoxicity .

HY-W008719S

MPP+-d3iodide

MPP+-d₃ (iodide) is deuterium labeled MPP+ (iodide). MPP+ iodide, a toxic metabolite of the neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ iodide is taken up by the dopamine transporter into dopaminergic neurons where it exerts its neurotoxic action on mitochondria by affecting complex I of the respiratory chain. MPP+ iodide is also a high affinity substrate for the serotonin transporter (SERT) .

HY-B1315S1

Carbaryl-d7
Carbaryl-d₇ is the deuterium labeled Carbaryl (HY-B1315). Carbaryl is the inhibitor for acetylcholinesterase that inhibits the degradation of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine and causes neurotoxicity. Carbaryl can be used as an insecticide .

HY-B0034S1

Donepezil-d4 hydrochloride
Donepezil-d₄ (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Donepezil hydrochloride. Donepezil Hydrochloride (E2020) is a reversible, selective AChE inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 6.7 nM for AChE activity. Donepezil shows high selectivity for AChE over BuChE . Donepezil exhibits neuroprotective effect on Aβ42 neurotoxicity .

HY-W777283

Idebenone-13C,d3

Idebenone- ¹³C,d₃ is the deuterium labeled and ¹³C-labeled Idebenone (HY-N0303). Idebenone, a well-appreciated mitochondrial protectant, exhibits protective efficacy against neurotoxicity and can be used for the research of Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease. Idebenone (oxidised form) has a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the enzymatic metabolism of arachidonic acid in astroglial homogenates (IC₅₀=16.65 μM) . Idebenone, a coenzyme Q10 analog and an antioxidant, induces apoptotic cell death in the human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cells . Idebenone quickly crosses the blood-brain barrier.

HY-N7745S2

Glucosylsphingosine-13C6
Glucosylsphingosine- ¹³C₆ (Glucopsychosine- ¹³C₆) is the ¹³C-labeled Glucosylsphingosine (HY-N7745). Glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1) is a deacylated form of glucosylceramide with neurotoxicity and is also a noncompetitively inhibitor of glucocerebrosidase with a K_i value of 30 μM. Glucosylsphingosine is promising for research of Krabbe and Gaucher disease.

HY-W711852

Benzamide-d5

Benzamide-d₅ (Benzenecarboxamide-d₅) is deuterium labeled Benzamide. Benzamide (Benzenecarboxamide) is a potent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. Benzamide has protective activity against both glutamate- and methamphetamine (METH)-induced neurotoxicity in vitro. Benzamide can attenuate the METH-induced dopamine depletions and exhibits neuroprotective activity in mice, also has no acute effect on striatal dopamine metabolism and does not reduce body temperature .

HY-P1363S1

β-Amyloid (1-42), human, Ala(13C3,15N) TFA

β-Amyloid (1-42), human, Ala( ¹³C₃, ¹⁵N) TFA is the ¹³C and ¹⁵N-labeled β-Amyloid (1-42), human (HY-P1363A). β-Amyloid (1-42) (Amyloid β-peptide (1-42)), human, a 42-amino acid peptide that has not been treated with HFIP, is a brain-penetrant amyloid protein fragment, which can be used in research on Alzheimer's disease and Down’s syndrome. β-Amyloid (1-42), human remaining as a monomer exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. β-Amyloid (1-42), human, after being monomericized by HFIP and dissolved in DMSO to form the stock solution, on the one hand, can form soluble oligomers (AβOs) when incubated at 4 °C, which have synaptic toxicity and neurotoxicity; on the other hand, it can be incubated at 37 °C to form insoluble fibrils, with lower neurotoxicity, and participating in the oxidative damage process. Aβ42 oligomers bind to various neuronal surface receptors (such as PrPc, mGluR5, NMDA receptors, etc.), triggering oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis imbalance, and synaptic toxicity via activating downstream signaling pathways, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death .

HY-B0916S

Propoxur-d3

Propoxur-d₃ is the deuterated form of Propoxur (HY-B0916). Propoxur is a reversible, competitive, orally active AChE inhibitor that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Propoxur inhibits AChE activity to induce neurotoxicity, while promoting MMP-2 expression and enhancing tumor cell migration and invasion by inducing intracellular ROS generation and activating the ERK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. On the one hand, Propoxur inhibits AChE, leading to acetylcholine accumulation and causing neurological dysfunction; on the other hand, it promotes Nrf2 nuclear translocation through ROS-dependent ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and upregulates MMP-2 and other invasion-related proteins. Propoxur is also a carbamate insecticide used to combat turf, forestry, and household pests .

HY-B1777S

Spermine-15N2

Spermine- ¹⁵N₂ (NSC 268508- ¹⁵N₂) is the ¹⁵N-labeled Spermine (HY-B1777). Spermine is a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Spermine is known to inhibit some bacterial cultures, especially strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Spermine induces neurotoxicity in the striarum dose-dependently. Spermine can reversibly inhibits DNA synthetic response, mixed lymphocyte response and the induction of cytolytic lymphocyte response in primary cultures of murine spleen cells. Spermine tetrahydrochloride is a polyamine nitric oxide donor that can provide nitric oxide to platelets and inhibit platelet activation to a certain extent concentration-dependently. Spermine tetrahydrochloride occurs in mammalian tissues, plants, bacteria, ribosomes and bacteriophage. Spermine tetrahydrochloride inhibits primary human embryo lung fibroblasts in vitro .

HY-B0835S

Fenobucarb-d3
Fenobucarb-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Fenobucarb. Fenobucarb is a carbamate insecticide. Fenobucarb induces zebrafish developmental neurotoxicity through pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, degeneration and apoptosis. Fenobucarb is a possible risk factor to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems in animals .

HY-B0137AS

Prilocaine-d7 hydrochloride
Prilocaine-d₇ (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Prilocaine (hydrochloride). Prilocaine hydrochloride, an amino amide, is a Na, K-ATPase inhibitor. Prilocaine has neurotoxic effects .

HY-W711807

D-Arabitol-d7
D-Arabitol-d₇ is the deuterium labeled D-Arabitol (HY-N3686). D-Arabitol is a polyol and its accumulation may cause a neurotoxic effect in human.

HY-W753485

Profenofos-d3
Profenofos-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Profenofos (HY-B0832). Profenofos is an insecticida used on field crops, vegetables, and fruit crops. Profenofos is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, with neurotoxicity .

HY-W704786

Prilocaine Hydrochloride-d7
Prilocaine Hydrochloride-d₇ is the deuterium labeled Prilocaine hydrochloride (HY-B0137A). Prilocaine hydrochloride, an amino amide, is a Na/K-ATPase inhibitor. Prilocaine has neurotoxic effects .

HY-B1971S

Deltamethrin-d5
Deltamethrin-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Deltamethrin. Deltamethrin (Decamethrin), a neurotoxic pyrethroid insecticide, produces a reversible sequence of motor symptoms in rats involving hind limb rigidity and choreoathetosis .

HY-B1315S

Carbaryl-d3
Carbaryl-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Carbaryl (HY-B1315). Carbaryl is the inhibitor for acetylcholinesterase that inhibits the degradation of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine and causes neurotoxicity. Carbaryl can be used as an insecticide . X

HY-114899S

Azamethiphos-d6

Azamethiphos-d₆ is deuterated labeled Azamethiphos (HY-114899). Azamethiphos is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and insecticide. Azamethiphos covalently binds to acetylcholinesterase via phosphorylation, inhibits its activity, causes acetylcholine to accumulate in cholinergic synapses, triggers uncontrolled excitation of cholinergic sites, induces paralysis and leads to death. Azamethiphos can be used as a bath insecticide in salmonid aquaculture to control sea lice infestations, and it exerts acute toxicity to European lobster larvae, including mortality and movement disorders .

HY-107116S

MAP4343-d4
MAP4343-d₄ is the deuterium labeled MAP4343. MAP4343 is the 3-methylether derivative of Pregnenolone. MAP4343 binds in vitro to microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), stimulates the polymerization of tubulin, enhances the extension of neurites and protects neurons against neurotoxic agents .

HY-B2010S

Fomesafen-d3

Fomesafen-d₃ is the deuterium-labeled Fomesafen (HY-B2010). Fomesafen is an orally active herbicide. Fomesafen inhibits protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO). Fomesafen induces Apoptosis and increases ROS. Fomesafen exhibits developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. It induces precancerous lesions in the liver and hepaturoporphyria in mice. Fomesafen is used to control broadleaf weeds in soybean fields, rubber plantations, and orchards .

HY-B0763S1

Ibudilast-d7

Ibudilast-d₇ is the deuterium labeled Ibudilast. Ibudilast (KC-404; AV-411; MN-166) is a cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. Ibudilast has platelet anti-aggregatory effects. Ibudilast can be used for the research of asthma for its inhibitory effects on tracheal smooth muscle contractility. Ibudilast may be a useful neuroprotective and anti-dementia agent counteracting neurotoxicity in activated microglia .

HY-B0763S

Ibudilast-d3

Ibudilast-d₃ (KC-404-d₃) is the deuterium labeled Ibudilast. Ibudilast (KC-404) is a cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. Ibudilast has platelet anti-aggregatory effects. Ibudilast can be used for the research of asthma for its inhibitory effects on tracheal smooth muscle contractility. Ibudilast may be a useful neuroprotective and anti-dementia agent counteracting neurotoxicity in activated microglia .

HY-B2050S

Trifluralin-d14

Trifluralin-d₁₄ is the deuterium labeled Trifluralin. Trifluralin is a selective, preemergence, soil-applied herbicide providing control of many important annual grass and broadleaf weed species. Trifluralin prevents weed growth by inhibiting root development through the interruption of mitosis. Trifluralin binds to tubulin and results in the failure of spindle apparatus and cell plate formation. Trifluralin inhibits radicle development on roots. Trifluralin inhibits cell mitosis. Trifluralin is considered to be neurotoxic and haematotoxic .

HY-B0763S2

Ibudilast-d7-1

Ibudilast-d₇-1 is the deuterium labeled Ibudilast . Ibudilast (KC-404;AV-411;MN-166) is a cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. Ibudilast has platelet anti-aggregatory effects. Ibudilast can be used for the research of asthma for its inhibitory effects on tracheal smooth muscle contractility. Ibudilast may be a useful neuroprotective and anti-dementia agent counteracting neurotoxicity in activated microglia .

HY-W758421

Diquat-d8 dibromide

Diquat-d₈ dibromide is a deuterium labeled Diquat dibromide (HY-122984). Diquat dibromide is a comprehensive herbicide. Diquat dibromide increases the production of ROS and triggers mitochondrial Autophagy. Diquat dibromide generates free radicals such as superoxide anions through redox cycles, which induce oxidative stress. Diquat dibromide is cytotoxic, reproductive, and neurotoxic. Diquat dibromide is used in cotton, soybean, and other crops to combat noxious weeds .

HY-W014504S1

DL-Kynurenine-d7

DL-Kynurenine-d₇ is the deuterium labeled DL-Kynurenine. DL-Kynurenine is a key metabolite in the tryptophan metabolic pathway and can cross the blood-brain barrier. DL-Kynurenine has a bidirectional regulatory effect on neural excitability. DL-Kynurenine can enhance the convulsive and lethal effects caused by strychnine. DL-Kynurenine is the precursor of Kynurenic acid (HY-100806), which is an antagonist at the glycine site of NMDA receptors and can counteract excitatory toxins. DL-Kynurenine can be used for research on neurotoxicity.

HY-118504S

Sulfoxaflor-d3

Sulfoxaflor-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Sulfoxaflor (HY-118504). Sulfoxaflor is an orally active full agonist of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), targeting the α-bungarotoxin-insensitive nAChR1 and nAChR2 subtypes. Sulfoxaflor binding to nACh is not inhibited by d-Tubocurarine (HY-125901), but is partially inhibited by Mecamylamine (HY-B1395A). Sulfoxaflor induces inward currents by activating nAChRs, leading to insect neurotoxicity. Sulfoxaflor can be used in the research of agricultural pest control, pesticide toxicology, insect neural receptor pharmacology, etc .

HY-W707693

Scyllo-Inositol-d6

Scyllo-Inositol-d₆ is the deuterium labeled Scyllo-Inositol (HY-W010041). Scyllo-Inositol is an inhibitor that targets the aggregation of misfolded proteins (such as α-synuclein and Amyloid-β), is orally effective, and can cross the blood-brain barrier. Scyllo-Inositol can selectively bind to and stabilize non-toxic oligomers, preventing them from converting into toxic fibers, exerting protein homeostasis regulation and neuroprotective activity. Scyllo-Inositol binds to the hydrophobic region of pathogenic proteins, inhibits protein aggregation, and promotes lysosome- and proteasome-mediated degradation pathways, thereby reducing neurotoxicity. Scyllo-Inositol can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease .

HY-N7046S

Silybin B-d3

Silybin B-d₃ (Silibinin B-d₃) is a deuterated Silybin B (HY-N7046). Silybin B (Silibinin B) is an orally active amyloid-β aggregation inhibitor and ATR pathway activator, that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Silybin B inhibits Aβ fibril formation and promotes amorphous aggregate formation, while activating the ATR-mediated DNA damage repair pathway and inhibiting JNK/p38 MAPK signaling. Silybin B can reduce Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced neuronal DNA damage and apoptosis. Silybin B has anti-oxidative stress, cell cycle regulation and neuroprotective activities. Silybin B is mainly used in the study of Alzheimer's disease and Cisplatin chemotherapy-related neurotoxicity .

HY-B1953S

Thiacloprid-d4

Thiacloprid-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Thiacloprid. Thiacloprid is an orally active neurotoxic insecticide and also a nAChR agonist. Thiacloprid reduces the viability of healthy cells, depletes reduced glutathione, and increases MDA levels, thereby inducing cytotoxicity and oxidative stress damage. In practical applications, Thiacloprid has lower acute toxicity to honeybees than other compounds of the same class such as Imidacloprid (HY-B0838), but it still significantly impairs the learning and memory function, immune capacity and survival status of honeybees. Thiacloprid induces intestinal microbial dysbiosis and reduces survival rate in middle-aged honeybees, increases the risk of premature collapse in bumblebee colonies, and significantly decreases the final colony weight and reproductive output. Thiacloprid is used in broad-spectrum agricultural pest control, often alone or in combination with Deltamethrin (HY-B1971), and meets the pest management needs of various crops including potatoes, cabbages, various fruits and vegetables, and nuts .

HY-W014589S

2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol-d19

2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol-d₁₉ (2,4-DTBP-d₁₉) is the deuterium labeled 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (HY-W014589). 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) is an orally active RXRα activator and a human estrogen receptor ligand with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which can induce apoptosis in tumor cells. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol can activate the RXRα subtype in LXRα/RXRα, PPARγ/RXRα, and hormone receptor β/RXRα. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol also has antiviral and antifungal activities and has the potential to inhibit Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol can be used as an intermediate in the preparation of antioxidants and UV stabilizers, and is also used in the manufacture of drugs and fragrances .

HY-W752907

Glufosinate-d8
Glufosinate-d₈ is the deuterium labeled Glufosinate (HY-W019870A). Glufosinate, a phosphinic acid analogue of glutamic acid, is a herbicide which is converted by plant cells into PT (L-phosphinothricin). Glufosinate exerts neurotoxic activity .

HY-178425S

Butylhydroxyanisole-d24

Butylhydroxyanisole-d₂₄ (Butylated hydroxyanisole-d₂₄) is the deuterium labeled Butylhydroxyanisole (HY-B1066). Butylhydroxyanisole (Butylated hydroxyanisole) is an antioxidant used as a food additive preservative. Butylhydroxyanisole mediates liver toxicity, retardation in reproductive organ development and learning, and sleep deficit. Butylhydroxyanisole exerts neurotoxic effects and leads to disruption of the brain and nerve development . Butylhydroxyanisole is a ferroptosis inducer .

HY-N6748S

Roquefortine C-13C22
Roquefortine C- ¹³C₂₂ is the ¹³C-labeled Roquefortine C (HY-N6748). Roquefortine C is a mycotoxin that can be isolated from Penicillium species. Roquefortine C is an agonist of P-gp and an inhibitor of P450 3A and P450 1A. Roquefortine C can inhibit Gram-positive bacteria and also has certain neurotoxicity. Additionally, Roquefortine C can exert antitumor activity .

HY-21197S

Perfluoroenanthic acid-13C4

Perfluoroenanthic acid- ¹³C₄ (Perfluoroheptanoic acid- ¹³C₄) is the ¹³C-labeled Perfluoroenanthic acid (HY-21197). Perfluoroenanthic acid (Perfluoroheptanoic acid) is a kind of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid organic pollutant. Perfluoroenanthic acid has environmental persistence and bioaccumulation, and exposure can occur via oral, dermal and other routes. Perfluoroenanthic acid exhibits reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity and endocrine-disrupting effects. Perfluoroenanthic acid exerts definite adverse effects on development, spermatogenesis, neuronal activity and liver tissue .

HY-122984S1

Diquat-d12 dibromide 1

Diquat-d₁₂ dibromide 1 is the deuterium labeled Diquat dibromide (HY-122984). Diquat dibromide is a comprehensive herbicide. Diquat dibromide increases the production of ROS and triggers mitochondrial Autophagy. Diquat dibromide generates free radicals such as superoxide anions through redox cycles, which induce oxidative stress. Diquat dibromide is cytotoxic, reproductive, and neurotoxic. Diquat dibromide is used in cotton, soybean, and other crops to combat noxious weeds .

HY-13963S

ZCL278-13C

ZCL278- ¹³C is a ¹³C-labeled version of ZCL278 (HY-13963). ZCL278 is a selective Cdc42 inhibitor with K_ds of 6.4 μM in fluorescence titration and 11.4 μM in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurement. ZCL278 can disrupt the interaction between Cdc42 and ITSN, and also inhibit the binding of GTP and GDP. ZCL278 has inhibitory effects on various enveloped viruses, but is ineffective against non-enveloped viruses. ZCL278 can be used in the research of arsenic neurotoxicity and HER2-positive gastric cancer (GC) ^[1][2][3][4].

HY-W750153

Propoxur-d7

Propoxur-d₇ is the deuterium labeled Propoxur. Propoxur is a reversible, competitive, orally active AChE inhibitor that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Propoxur inhibits AChE activity to induce neurotoxicity, while promoting MMP-2 expression and enhancing tumor cell migration and invasion by inducing intracellular ROS generation and activating the ERK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. On the one hand, Propoxur inhibits AChE, leading to acetylcholine accumulation and causing neurological dysfunction; on the other hand, it promotes Nrf2 nuclear translocation through ROS-dependent ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and upregulates MMP-2 and other invasion-related proteins. Propoxur is also a carbamate insecticide used to combat turf, forestry, and household pests .

Cat. No.	Product Name		Classification

HY-D2871

DAyne		Alkynes
DAyne is a Dopamine (DA)-mimetic probe. DAyne covalently binds to proteins modified by dopamine oxidation products (e.g., dopaquinone, DQ) to form adducts. DAyne is promising for research of Parkinson’s disease (PD), particularly neurotoxicity, protein modification, and related pathways (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum stress, cytoskeletal instability) caused by dopamine dysregulation .

HY-149408

MAOA-IN-1		Alkynes
MAOA-IN-1 (compound 15) is an orally active MAOA inhibitor with cytotoxicity against prostate cancer cells. MAOA-IN-1 has Caco-2 permeability and lower CNS permeability. MAOA-IN-1 can be further used in the research of anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory indications .

HY-181268

MAO-B-IN-53		Alkynes
MAO-B-IN-53 is a human monoamine oxidase B (hMAO-B) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.066 μM. MAO-B-IN-53 exhibits mixed reversible inhibition, binds stably to the hMAO-B active site, and shows high selectivity over hMAO-A. MAO-B-IN-53 acts as a neuroprotective agent, protects against 6-OHDA-induced damage, and exhibits low neurotoxicity in neuroblastoma cells. MAO-B-IN-53 can be used for the research of Parkinson's disease .

HY-180114

NSS-18		Alkynes
NSS-18 is a potent and reversible inhibitor of AChE and MAO-B, with IC₅₀ values of 1.53 and 1.51 μM respectively. NSS-18 can inhibit the self-aggregation of Aβ. NSS-18 inhibits the intracellular generation of ROS induced by Aβ. NSS-18 shows a moderate neuroprotective effect against 6-OHDA (HY-B1081)-induced neurotoxicity. NSS-18 can form chelates with metal ions such as Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺, and Zn²⁺, with the strongest chelation being with Cu²⁺. NSS-18 can be used for the study of Alzheimer's disease .

Cat. No.	Product Name		Classification

HY-125854

Phosphatidylcholines, egg 2 Publications Verification		Phospholipids
Phosphatidylcholines, egg are a type of phosphatidylcholine that can be isolated and extracted from eggs, primarily present in egg yolks. As a major phospholipid component of cell membranes, Phosphatidylcholines, egg play a key role in providing nutrition and protection to the body. Phosphatidylcholines, egg can inhibit oxidative stress and neurotoxicity, exerting neuroprotective effects. Additionally, Phosphatidylcholines, egg can suppress the lymphatic absorption of cholesterol in the intestine and are also used in research on intestinal lipid absorption .

HY-B1066

Butylhydroxyanisole 5 Publications Verification Butylated hydroxyanisole; E320		Antioxidants
Butylhydroxyanisole (Butylated hydroxyanisole) is an antioxidant used as a food additive preservative. Butylhydroxyanisole mediates liver toxicity, retardation in reproductive organ development and learning, and sleep deficit. Butylhydroxyanisole exerts neurotoxic effects and leads to disruption of the brain and nerve development . Butylhydroxyanisole is a ferroptosis inducer .

HY-132610A

Givosiran sodium 1 Publications Verification ALN-AS1 sodium		siRNAs siRNA drugs
Givosiran (ALN-AS1) sodium is a small interfering RNA that targets hepatic aminolevulinate synthase 1 (ALAS1) messenger RNA. Givosiran sodium downregulates ALAS1 mRNA and prevents accumulation of neurotoxic δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG) levels. Givosiran sodium demonstrates potent inhibitory activity against ALAS1 in mouse, rat, and cynomolgus monkey models. Givosiran sodium can be used for the research of acute hepatic porphyria (AHP) .

HY-132610

Givosiran 1 Publications Verification ALN-AS1		siRNAs siRNA drugs
Givosiran (ALN-AS1) is a small interfering RNA that targets hepatic aminolevulinate synthase 1 (ALAS1) messenger RNA. Givosiran downregulates ALAS1 mRNA and prevents accumulation of neurotoxic δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG) levels. Givosiran demonstrates potent inhibitory activity against ALAS1 in mouse, rat, and cynomolgus monkey models. Givosiran can be used for the research of acute hepatic porphyria (AHP) .

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